Introduction to Emerging
Technologies
For Management and Accounting 2nd Year Extension
What is Emerging technology
• A term generally used to describe a new technology.
• It may also refer to the continuing development of existing technology;
• It can have slightly different meanings when used in different areas
• The term commonly refers to technologies that are currently developing,
Or
• That are expected to be available within the next five to ten years, and
• usually reserved for technologies that are creating or are expected to
create significant social or economic effects.
What is the root word of technology and evolution?
• Technology:1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the arts,“
• from Greek tekhnologia "systematic treatment of an art, craft, or
technique,"
• Originally referring to grammar, from tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy.
• The meaning "science of the mechanical and industrial arts"
• Evolution: evolution means the process of developing by gradual
changes.
• This noun is from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening,"
• combined from the prefix e-, "out," plus volvere, "to roll."
List of some currently available emerged technologies
• Artificial Intelligence
• Blockchain
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
• Cloud Computing
• Angular and React
• DevOps
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
• Big Data
• Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
IR was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took
place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
Occurs when a society shifts from using tools to make products to
use new sources of energy, such as coal, to power machines in
factories.
The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to
make labor more efficient and productive.
It was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small
shops and homes to large factories.
This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from
rural areas to big cities in order to work.
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
• The American IR commonly referred to as the Second Industrial
Revolution
• Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making, and
agriculture all had undergone changes
• First IR: (mechanization through water and steam power) to the
mass production and
• Second IR: assembly lines using electricity
• Third IR: with the adoption of computers and automation and
enhance it with smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and
machine learning.
• Fourth IR: will take what was started in the third IR.
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
• Transportation:
• The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The
Airplane.
• Communication.
• The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph.
The Telephone.
• Industry:
• The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
The four types of industries are:
The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
The secondary industry involves manufacturing
e.g. making cars and steel.
Tertiary industries provide a service
e.g. teaching and nursing.
The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries e.g. IT.
Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
The IR is described as a transition to new manufacturing
processes.
IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time where this
revolution began.
Included going from hand production methods to machines,
the increasing use of steam power
the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory
system.
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
The second IR, also known as the technological revolution,
Began somewhere in the 1870s.
The advancements in IR2.0 included:
The development of methods for manufacturing interchangeable parts and
Widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems such as
telegraph and railroad networks.
This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas, enhancing
communication.
Moreover, new technological systems were introduced, such as electrical
power and telephones
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and analog electronic
technology to digital electronics
Began from the late 1950s.
IR 3.0 was given the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
The core factor of this revolution is the mass production and widespread use
of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies such as the computer,
handphones and the Internet.
Enabling people to communicate with another without the need of being
physically present.
Certain practices that were enabled during IR 3.0 is still being practiced until
this current day
Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• IR 4.0 was coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman
of World Economic Forum, in the year 2016.
• A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored
by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its
users.
• One example that is being widely practiced in industries today is the
usage of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
• These machines are operated by giving it instructions using a computer.
• Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption
of AI, where we can see it being implemented into our smartphones.
• AI is also one of the main elements that give life to Autonomous
Vehicles and Automated Robots
Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
• In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:
memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks.
1. Memory: store random information such as the contents of a spreadsheet or
database.
2. Microprocessors: execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of
tasks such as running a word processing program or video game.
3. Logic devices: provide specific functions, including
device-to-device interfacing,
data communication,
signal processing,
data display,
timing and control operations, and
almost every other function a system must perform.
Programmable devices …….
4. network: is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of
people all over the world
Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate:
Field programmable logic devices (FPGAs),
complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) and
programmable logic devices (PLD).
There are also devices that are the analog equivalent of these called field-
programmable analog arrays
computer referred to as a programmable device, because that it follows a set of
instructions.
Many electronic devices are computers that perform only one operation, but they
are still following instructions that reside permanently in the unit.
List of some Programmable devices
Achronix Speedster SPD60
Actel’s
Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
Silicon Blue Technologies
Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
Xmos Semiconductor L series
Cont’d
• A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
Modems
Routers
Switches
Conferencing equipment
Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
Hosting equipment and servers
