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CHAPTER 1
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Introduction to Emerging Technologies

 Outline
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 Evolution of Technologies
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
 Evolution of Technologies
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 Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the

arts," from Greek tekhnologia "systematic treatment of an
art, craft, or technique," originally referring to grammar, from
tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy. The meaning "science of the
mechanical and industrial arts" is first recorded in 1859.
 Evolution: evolution means the process of developing by
gradual changes. This noun is from Latin evolutio, "an
unrolling or opening," combined from the prefix e-, "out,"
plus volvere, "to roll."
 Evolution of Technologies
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 Emerging technology is a term used to describe

 new technology

 continuing development of existing technology

 The term commonly refers to technologies that are
currently developing, or that are expected to be available
within the next five to ten years, and is usually reserved
for technologies that are creating or are expected to create
significant social or economic effects.
 Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation
of society through technological development.
 Currently Available Emerged Technologies
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 Artificial Intelligence
 Blockchain
 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
 Cloud Computing
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Big Data
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
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 Industrial Revolution refers

 a change from making things by hand to making

them in factories.
 Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied on the
horse and their own feet to get around.
 With the invention of the steam locomotive,
transportation took a huge step forward.
 The revolution started in England, with a series of
innovations to make labor more efficient and
productive.
 This shift brought about changes in culture as people
moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work.
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
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 The American Industrial Revolution commonly

referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution,
started between 1820 and 1870.
 The impact of changing the way items was
manufactured had a wide reach.
 Industries such as textile manufacturing,
mining, glass making, and agriculture all had
undergone changes.
 Con…
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 Generally, the following industrial revolutions

fundamentally changed and transfer the world
around us into modern society.
 The steam engine,
 The age of science and mass production, and
 The rise of digital technology
 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and
machine learning
 The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
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 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel

Engine, The Airplane.
 Communication: The Telegraph, The Transatlantic Cable, The
Phonograph, The Smart Telephone.

Industry: The Cotton Gin, The Sewing Machine, Electric Lights.

Example: Evolution of Transport Technology since the 18th
Century
 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
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 The four types of industries are:

 The primary industry - involves getting raw
materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
 The secondary industry involves manufacturing
e.g. making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service e.g.
teaching and nursing.
 The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries. The quaternary sector
typically includes intellectual services such as
technological advancement and innovation.
 First Industrial Revolution(IR 1.0)
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 First coined in the 1760s,

 related to the mechanization of
production and vast usage of steam
power.
 Processes became mechanized and
products were manufactured for the
first time.
 During this period, the discovery of
• The industries that were coal and its mass extraction, as well
impacted by industry 1.0 as the development of the steam
included the glass,
engine completely changed the way
mining, agriculture and
textile industries. goods were produced and
 Second Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
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 It mainly occurred in Germany,

America and Britain.

 Also known as the Technological

Revolution

 Developments in communication
technology got a jump start with the
telegraph and later the telephone.

 the invention of the plane and car.

 The discovery of electricity,

telephone system and assembly line
production
 Third Industrial Revolution(IR 3.0)
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 Known as Digital Revolution

 We are now able to automate an

entire production process

- without human assistance.

Known examples are robots that

perform programmed sequences

without human intervention.

• The core factor of IR 3.0 is the mass production and widespread

use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies e.g.
Computer, hand phones and the Internet.
 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
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 We are here now

 Characterized by the
application
of information and communic
ation technologies,
 Advanced digital system
 Technologies like
 Advanced Artificial
Intelligence
 Robotics

 Internet of Things

 autonomous vehicles

A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or

monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with
the Internet and its users
 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
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 New oil and strategic asset since we are living in the age of
big data.
 Drives or even determines the future of science, technology,
economy, and possibly everything in our world today and
tomorrow.
 Fields like data science getting more attention currently.
 Data science involve multiple disciplines such as computing,
informatics, statistics, business, social science, and health
science
 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
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 Programmable device refers any device whose

operation is controlled by a stored program that can be
changed or replaced.
 Used to build reconfigurable digital circuits.
 Four basic components in digital system
 Memory
 Microprocessors
 Logic, and
 Networks.
 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
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 Memory devices - store random information such

as the contents of currently running programs.

 Microprocessors - execute software instructions to

perform a wide variety of tasks such as running

system or application software's.

 Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)
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 Logic devices - provide specific functions, including

device-to-device interfacing, data communication, signal
processing, data display, timing and control operations,
and others.
 The network - is a collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices
connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
 An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which
connects millions of people all over the world
 List of some Programmable devices
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 Achronix Speedster SPD60

 Actel’s
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC)
family
 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
 Silicon Blue Technologies
 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
 Xmos Semiconductor L series
 Human to Machine Interaction
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 Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the communication

and interaction between a human and a machine via a user
interface.
 Human can interact with machine using the following ways
 Natural language(text to speech or speech to text)
 Graphical user interface(menu, form and web based
interface)
 Command line interface and others
 Human-computer interaction (HCI) - is the study of how people
interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are
not developed for successful interaction with human beings.
 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
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 Emerging technology trends in 2019

 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
 Emerging technologies that will shape the future of you
and your business
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 Chatbots,
 Virtual/augmented reality,
 Block chain,
 Artificial Intelligence