PART OF
SPEECH
PART OF SPEECH
Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives,
Adverbs, Conjunctions, Interjections,
Prepositions
Parts of speech are identified by the
place they have in the sentence, not
by their meanings.
NOUN
It refers to a thing (book), a person (John), an
animal (cat), a place (Philippines), a quality
(softness), an idea (justice), or an action
(yodeling)
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF NOUNS
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
NOUNS
SINGULAR NOUNS
It only name one person, place, thing
or idea ( an apple, the car, a table).
- I found a wounded sparrow in the
bush.
PLURAL NOUNS
Name two or more persons, places,
things or ideas ( pencils, chairs,
tables).
Did you find the boxes you were
looking for?
TYPES OF NOUNS
PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS
PROPER NOUNS
My name is Rose. (Name of a particular person)
This is my dog, Bruno. (Name of a specific pet animal owned by someone)
David came back from Minsk. (Name of a specific place)
Louis Vuitton is a famous luxury fashion company. (Name of a particular
fashion brand)
COMMON NOUNS
I bought a pen yesterday. (Common object)
I am going to school. (Common place)
Only ten employees showed up to work today. (Common group)
The car is out of fuel. (Common items)
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
Collective nouns are the nouns that are grammatically considered
singular, but include more than one person, place, thing or idea in
their meaning. They emphasize group as one unit.
1.Collective nouns for 2. Collective nouns for 3. Collective nouns for
groups of animals groups of people a number of
1.A pride of lions 1.A band of things/objects
2.A flock of musicians 1.A pair of shoes
sheep 2.A board of 2.A chain of
3.A swarm of directors mountains
bees 3.A crew of sailors 3.A fleet of ships
4.A herd of 4.A company of 4.A bunch of
elephants actors grapes
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE
NOUNS
COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
NOUNS NOUNS
- can be counted - cannot be counted
a dozen of eggs air
three apples rice
an airplane water
sand
CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT NOUNS
CONCRETE NOUNS
Concrete nouns refers to objects that are material and can be perceived by
the human senses.
Examples:
The book is on the table.
I had a cup of coffee.
Sharon opened the windows.
Hardy goes to school by bus.
ABSTRACT NOUNS
Abstract nouns refers to any entity that cannot be perceived by the five
senses of the human body
Examples:
Love is a strong emotion.
Honesty is the best policy.
It takes a lot of courage to raise your voice and stand up against
injustice.
You should not misuse the freedom you are given.
NOUNS AS GERUNDS
A gerund is an –ing form of the
verb and is used as a noun.
Running is good for you.
Running is the noun/gerund
and “is” is the verb.
My crying upset her.
Crying is the subject and
upset is the verb.
NOUNS USED AS
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS
OF A SENTENCE
NOUNS AS A SUBJECT
When noun is used as a subject, a noun
mostly appears at the beginning of a
sentence. It can be identified by asking the
question ‘who’.
Examples:
Bruno went to the playground.
The teacher asked the students
to submit their assignments.
The elephant was rescued
safely after ten long hours.
NOUNS AS AN OBJECT
When nouns are used as objects, they appear in the latter
part of a sentence. It can be identified by asking the question
‘what’.
Examples:
I bought a pen.
Where is your book?
I cannot find today’s newspaper.
Nouns can be used as a direct object and an
indirect object.
NOUNS AS DIRECT OBJECT
Examples:
Do you want a lollipop? (What do you want? – a lollipop)
I loved my dress. (What did you love? – my dress)
NOUNS AS INDIRECT OBJECT
FOR
Examples:
Dan bought his sister a Mini Cooper.
(For whom did Dan buy a Mini Cooper? –
his sister)
Megha baked Julie a cake. (For whom
did Megha bake a cake? – Julie)
NOUNS USED AS
COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT AND OBJECT COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT OBJECT
CIMPLEMENT COMPLEMEMNT
Professions and positions can Object complements are nouns that
perform the role of a subject follow the noun they modify. Names,
complement. professions and positions can
perform the role of an object
Examples: complement.
My brother is an engineer. Examples:
Jawaharlal Nehru was the We named our dog, Shadow.
first Prime Minister of India. The teacher made Tabitha, the
class leader.
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
NOUNS
NOUNS USED AS VERBS
There are some nouns which can also be used as a verb. Some nouns can be
used as verbs with a slight change in the spelling of the original word.
Examples:
His divorce is final. (Used as a noun)
I am divorced. (Used as a verb)
Do you like my new dress? (Used as a noun)
I am dressed and ready to go. (Used as a verb)
Derrick had come to collect some ice. (Used as a noun)
My mother iced the fish so that it did not stink. (Used as a verb)
NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVE
With a slight change in the spelling or adding a suffix to the root word, nouns can
sometimes be used as adjectives.
Examples:
I have no money. (Used as a noun)
There has been a change in the monetary policy of the country. (Used as an
adjective)
Javed sensed some danger. (Used as a noun)
What you are trying to do is dangerous. (Used as an adjective)
She is excited about magic. (Used as a noun)
The experience was completely magical. (Used as an adjective)
Speaking against another religion is a legal offence. (Used as a noun)
PRONOUNS
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. They eliminate
the need for repetition.
For Example:
Instead of talking “ Hina talked to Hina’s child”, we might
say “ Hina talked to her child”.
Here “ her” is the pronoun. It renames “ Hina”.
TYPES
OF PRONOUNS
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns: They refer to specific
persons or things. Personal Pronouns can act as
subjects, objects or possessives.
Personal Pronouns can be singular or plural.
Singular: I , me , you, she, her, he, him, it
Plural: we, us, you, they, them
POSSESSIVE AND REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
It name a receiver of an action
who is identical to the doer of the
It indicate ownership or
action. For example: my self,
possession. For example: my,
yourself, him self, herself, itself,
mine, your, yours, his, hers, its,
ourselves, yourselves.
ours, theirs.
Ahmad congratulated himself on
This bag is yours.
his good grades.
INTENSIVE AND RECIPROCAL
PRONOUNS
INTENSIVE PRONOUNS RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS
It emphasize a noun or another It express shared actions or
pronoun. feelings.
For example: myself, himself, For example: each other, one
yourself, herself, themselves. another
I saw Imran Khan himself in Maria and Saba help each
the ground. other in their homework.
INDEFINITE AND DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUNS
DEMONSTRATIVE
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
It refers to non- specific persons
and things. Considered noun markers. They
“point” toward nouns.
For example: all, another, other,
anyone, both, each, etc. That woman attends the
party.
Nobody knows that where is This is a wonderful story.
the pencil.
INTERROGATIVE AND RELATIVE
PRONOUNS
INTERROGATIVE
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
It introduce dependent clauses and
refers to a person or thing already
mentioned in a sentence.
It introduce questions.
( who, whoever, whom ,that, whose,
Who is going on vacation? which)
The English that we learn in class
will help us pass the exam.
VERBS
Verbs generally express
action or a state of being.
Action verbs show action.
He runs.
He plays.
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF VERBS
Linking verbs link a
subject to an Main verbs can stand
adjective. alone.
Butterfly is Run, eat, work
beautiful.
Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, serve as
support to the main verbs
( Have, has, had, do, does, did, be, am, is, are,
was, were, been, being, should, could, would,
will, might, can, may, must ,ought(to), shall).
Transitive verbs need a
direct object in order to Intransitive verbs do not
make sense. need direct objects to
make them meaningful.
Shaheer takes
medicine for his Hanzala swims.
headache.
Phrasal verbs are made up of a verb and a preposition.
The preposition gives the verb a different meaning.
For example verb “look” has a different meaning from the
phrasal verb “look up”.
Some examples are:
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES
An adjective modifies(describes) a noun
or pronoun. Normally in English
adjective comes before noun.
For example: The smart student earned
an “A”.
They also come after linking verbs.
I feel happy.
Adjectives can be used to make comparisons(between two
things).
For more adjectives with one or two syllables, you can add –
er.
For example: greater, faster, longer.
For adjectives longer than two syllables, you should use the
word “more”.
Adjectives can also be used as superlatives(comparing
more than two things).
This is usually done by adding –est to the end of an
adjective that has one or two syllables. (loudest, coolest,
smartest)
If the adjective is three or more syllables long, you must
use the word “most”.
She is the most intelligent girl in the class.
There are some irregular adjective and verb
forms.
Adjective Adverb Comparing two Comparing three or
more
bad badly worse worst
good well better best
little - less least
much many more most
If three or more adjectives come in a sentence,
the arrangement of them will be like:
Determi- Opinion Size Age Color Origin Material Noun
ner
The, This Pretty Big New Blue Blochi Leather bag
My Precious Small Ancient Black Chinese Silk Scarf
ADVERBS
An adverb is a word that modifies an action verb,
an adjective or another adverb.
Example:
The teacher carefully graded the homework.
You need an adjective after linking verbs, not an
adverb.
TYPES OF ADVERBS
TYPES OF ADVERBS
ADVERBS OF ADVERBS OF
MANNER TIME
Tell us that in which
manner the action Tell us about the time
occurs or how the of the action
action occurs or will
occur I will buy a computer
tomorrow.
She speaks loudly. Do it now.
He was driving
slowly.
TYPES OF ADVERBS
ADVERBS OF
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
PLACE
Tell us how many times
Tell us about the place
the action occur
of the action
He goes to school daily.
He will come here.
He is always late for
She went upstairs.
school.
CONJUCTIONS
These are the scotch tape of
the grammatical world. They
join together words and
phrases.
TYPES OF
CONJUNCTIONS
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
There are seven Coordinating
Conjunctions: for, and, nor, but,
or, yet, so
Example:
Fahad likes to eat but Zohaib
likes to play.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
It joins ideas, but they work in pairs.
Both…and, neither…nor, whether…or, either…
or, not only…but also)
Example:
Not only I am happy about the grades, but I
am also excited that you are learning
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Join an independent clause with a subordinate
clause. That is, they join a clause that can stand
alone with the clause that cannot stand alone.
(after, although, as, as if, because, before,
even if, even before, if, since, unless) etc.
Example:
Although the students were tired, they still
come in the class.
INTERJECTIONS
Interjections are words or utterance that is used
to express emotional states.
It is used to add emphasis or effect and can be
omitted without changing the message of the
sentence.
Oh! Wow! Ouch! Oops! Hey!
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions are words that, like
conjunctions, join a noun or pronoun to
another word in a sentence.
Some prepositions are: About, before,
down, into through, above, behind,
during, like, to, across, below, except,
toward, after, beneath, of, for, off, under,
among, beside, from, on, up, around,
between etc.
COMMON
PREPOSITIONS
in (month/year), on (day), at (time),
TIME
before, during, after, since, until
under, over, above, below, between,
LOCATION
in, out, on, at, by
to, into, towards, through. Across, up,
MOVEMENT
down, around, past
OTHER
RELATIONSHI for, by, from, of, as, with, about
P
THANK
YOU!
REPORTERS
Nouns ………………….SALVADOR
Pronouns ……………..REODIQUE
Verbs
……………………PERRERA/DE
LIMA
Adjectives …………….PELIÑO
Adverbs
……………....TAPAR/MERLAN
Conjunctions ………..ORLAIN
Interjections ………...SILLANO
