CS389 – Image Processing

Dr. Mohamed Nagy Saad

Associate Professor
Faculty of Computer Science
October University for Modern Sciences and
Arts
(MSA University)
Fall 2024
Course Aim

● This module introduces an understanding of image

processing techniques and familiarizes with computer
vision applications.

● Practical experience is acquired in the design and

implementation of image processing algorithms.

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Intended Learning Outcomes

A1 Conceptualize image processing problems. (K2)

A2 Demonstrate the image processing concepts. (K4)
A3 Illustrate the standard image processing algorithms. (K7)
A4 Compare/contrast the different applications of computer vision. (K4)
Apply the concepts and methodologies for the formation, representation,
B1 enhancement and analysis of digital images. (I3)
B2 Use available tools to develop applications of image processing. (I5)
C Using benchmark images for algorithm testing. (T2)

D Improve the design and implementation of image processing algorithms to

suite specific applications. (T7)

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CS389 – Image Processing
Instructors:

Dr. Mohamed Nagy Eng. Sara Hani Eng. Yousef Amr

Associate Professor Lecturer Assistant Lecturer Assistant
mnagy@msa.edu.eg sahani@msa.edu.eg yamr@msa.edu.eg
Office Hours: Office Hours: Office Hours:
- Mon 9:30 – 11:00 - Mon 8:00 – 9:30 - Mon 9:30 – 11:00
- Thur 9:30 – 11:00 - Wed 12:30 – 2:00 - Wed 8:00 – 9:30
Office: H414 Office: E248 Office: N001

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 THIS GRADE SCHEME IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE

CS389 – Image Processing

Grading Policy:
● Attendance: 0
● Lab work: 2
● 3 Assignments: 6 (2+2+2)
● 3 Quizzes: 12 (4+4+4)
● Midterm Exam: 20
● Project: 20
● Final Exam: 40
● Total: 100

Handouts:
● Lectures + Labs
● Textbook
● “Digital Image Processing, Third edition”, by R. Gonzalez and R. Woods, 2008, Prentice Hall

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 Calendar and Syllabus

Week Topic Tutorial Assignments and Quizes

1 Topic 1: Image sensing and acquisition Yes
2 Topic 2: Image Sampling and Quantization Yes
3 Topic 3: Basic Relationship between Pixels Yes Assignment 1 , Quiz 1
4 Topic 4: Linear & Non-Linear Operations Yes
5 Topic 5: Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain Yes Assignment 2 , Quiz 2
6 Topic 6: Histogram Processing Yes
7, 8 Midterm Weeks
Topic 7: Spatial Filtering (Smoothing,
9 Yes
Sharpening)
10 Topic 8: Image Restoration Yes
11 Topic 9: Edge detection Yes Assignment 3 , Quiz 3
12 Topic 10: Morphological operations Yes
Topic 11: Error-Free Compression and Loose
13 Yes
Compression
14 Topic 12: Image Segmentation Yes Project
15 Final Examination
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 Introduction to the course
► Article Reading and Project
 Medical image analysis (MRI/PET/CT/X-ray tumor detection/classification)
 Face, fingerprint, and other object recognition
 Image and/or video compression
 Image segmentation and/or denoising
 Digital image/video watermarking/steganography and detection
 Whatever you’re interested …

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 Introduction to the course
► Evaluation of article reading and project
 Report
 Article reading
— Submit a survey of the articles you read and the list of the articles
 Project

— Submit an article including introduction, methods, experiments, results, and conclusions

— Submit the project code, the readme document, and some testing samples (images, videos, etc.) for
validation

 Presentation

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 Journals & Conferences
in Image Processing
► Journals:
— IEEE T IMAGE PROCESSING
— IEEE T MEDICAL IMAGING
— INTL J COMP. VISION
— IEEE T PATTERN ANALYSIS MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
— PATTERN RECOGNITION
— COMP. VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING
— IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING
… …

► Conferences:
— CVPR: Comp. Vision and Pattern Recognition
— ICCV: Intl Conf on Computer Vision
— ACM Multimedia
— ICIP
— SPIE
— ECCV: European Conf on Computer Vision
— CAIP: Intl Conf on Comp. Analysis of Images and Patterns
… …

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 Lecture 1
Image sensing and acquisition
 What is an Image?

 Practically every scene around us involves images or image

processing.

 An image is a spatial representation of a 2D or 3D scene, it

is also can be defined as an array, or a matrix of pixels
(picture elements) arranged in columns and rows.
 Image Types
Analog Image Digital Image
 Image Types

Each pixel is represented by a

What we see in an analog
numerical value. In general,
image is various levels of
the pixel value is related to the
brightness (or film density)
brightness or color that we will
and colors. It is generally
see when the digital image is
continuous and not broken into
converted into an analog image
many small individual pieces
for display and viewing.
 Impact Digital Image
Digital images are necessary in all modern medical imaging methods.
Because of the following functions that can be performed with digital
images :

1. Image reconstruction (CT, MRI, SPECT, PET, etc).

2. Image reformatting (Multi-plane, multi-view reconstructions).
3. Wide (dynamic) range image data acquisition (CT, digital
radiography , etc.).
4. Image processing (to change contrast and other quality
characteristics)
5. Fast image storage and retrieval
6. Fast and high-quality image distribution (teleradiology)
7. Controlled viewing (windowing, zooming, etc)
8. Image analysis (measurements, calculation of various parameters,
computer aided diagonisis).
 Introduction
► What is Digital Image Processing?
Digital Image
► f ( x,
a two-dimensional function y) x and y are spatial coordinates
► The amplitude of f is called intensity or gray level or Color at the point (x, y)

Digital Image Processing

process digital images by means of computer, it covers low-, mid-, and high-level
processes
► low-level: inputs and outputs are images
 such as image preprocessing to reduce noise, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening .
► mid-level: outputs are attributes extracted from input images
 tasks such as segmentation (partitioning an image into regions or objects), description of those objects to
reduce them to a form suitable for computer processing, and classification (recognition) of individual
objects.
► high-level: an ensemble of recognition of individual objects
 “making sense” of an ensemble of recognized objects, as in image analysis, and at the far end of the
continuum, performing the cognitive functions normally associated with vision.

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 Level of Image Processing

Primitive Operations Tasks Making Sense

Examples: Examples: Example:
- Image preprocessing - Segmentation - Performing a cognitive
- Contrast enhancement - Classification function based on a recognized
- Sharpening objects.

I/P  Image I/P  Image I/P  Attributes

O/P  Image O/P  Attributes O/P  Understanding
Origins of Digital Image Processing

Sent by submarine
cable between London
and New York, the
transportation time
was reduced to less
than three hours from
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more than a week
Origins of Digital Image Processing

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How it works?
 Sources for Images
► Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum
► Radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and x rays are all examples of
electromagnetic waves that differ from each other in wavelength.
► Acoustic
► Ultrasonic
► Electronic
► Synthetic images produced by computer

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Fields that Use DIP