Industry Standard Practices for
Oracle RDBMS Database Data
Encryption
Ensuring Security and Compliance in
Oracle Environments
Why Data Encryption is Essential
• • Protects sensitive data from unauthorized access.
• • Ensures compliance with regulations (e.g., GDPR,
HIPAA, PCI DSS).
• • Mitigates risks of data breaches.
• • Key focus: Encryption for data at rest and in transit.
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
• • Encrypts data at rest (tablespaces and columns).
• • Uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
algorithms (128-bit/256-bit).
• • Requires a wallet/keystore for encryption key
management.
• • Best Practices:
• - Backup keystore regularly.
• - Periodically rotate encryption keys.
Native Network Encryption
• • Encrypts data in transit between client and server.
• • Configuration in sqlnet.ora file.
• • Supports strong algorithms (e.g., AES256, SHA256).
• • Best Practices:
• - Enable encryption for all database connections.
• - Use the latest encryption protocols.
Enhancing Security with Database
Vault
• • Implements strong access controls.
• • Protects sensitive data from unauthorized access.
• • Defines realms and enforces separation of duties.
• • Use Case: Restrict access to critical database
objects.
Data Redaction
• • Masks sensitive data in query results for
unauthorized users.
• • Flexible masking formats (e.g., partial masking).
• • Easy to define and apply redaction policies.
• • Example: Masking credit card numbers to show
only the last 4 digits.
Encryption Key Management
• • Use Oracle Key Vault for centralized key
management.
• • Rotate keys periodically to reduce exposure risks.
• • Enforce separation of duties for key management
and access.
Backup Encryption
• • Encrypt backups using Oracle Recovery Manager
(RMAN).
• • Modes: Password-based, dual-mode, or
transparent mode.
• • Ensures backup data remains secure on storage
media.
Compliance and Industry Standards
• • Align encryption strategies with compliance
requirements (e.g., GDPR, PCI DSS).
• • Use Oracle’s Advanced Security Option (ASO).
• • Regularly review and update security practices.
Auditing and Monitoring
• • Enable Unified Auditing to track encryption
activities.
• • Regularly review logs for suspicious activities.
• • Automate alerts for potential security breaches.
Enhancing Authentication
• • Use SSL/TLS for secure connections.
• • Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
• • Regularly update authentication protocols.
Stay Updated
• • Apply Oracle Critical Patch Updates (CPUs)
promptly.
• • Regular updates ensure protection from known
vulnerabilities.
Summary of Practices
• • Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) for data at rest.
• • Native Network Encryption for data in transit.
• • Database Vault and Data Redaction for enhanced
security.
• • Centralized Key Management and Backup
Encryption.
• • Regular auditing, strong authentication, and patch
updates.
Questions?
• Open floor for discussion and clarifications.
Thank You
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