Title: Database Security and Encryption
Slide 1: Introduction
What is Database Security?
Protecting databases from threats like unauthorized access, corruption, or theft.
Importance: Safeguards sensitive and critical data.
Slide 2: Key Components of Database Security
Access Control
Authentication
Authorization
Encryption
Backup and Recovery
Auditing and Monitoring
Slide 3: Threats to Database Security
SQL Injection Attacks
Malware
Insider Threats
Privilege Abuse
Unpatched Vulnerabilities
Slide 4: Access Control
Controlling who can access the database.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
Slide 5: Authentication
Verifying user identities.
Methods: Passwords, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Biometrics.
Slide 6: Authorization
Granting permissions to authenticated users.
Fine-grained access: Restrict based on user roles and operations.
Slide 7: What is Encryption?
Process of converting data into unreadable format.
Protects data at rest and in transit.
Slide 8: Importance of Encryption
Prevents data breaches.
Ensures privacy and compliance with regulations (GDPR, HIPAA).
Slide 9: Types of Encryption in Databases
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
Column-Level Encryption
Application-Level Encryption
Backup Encryption
Slide 10: Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
Encrypts entire database storage.
Invisible to applications.
Common in SQL Server, Oracle.
Slide 11: Column-Level Encryption
Encrypts specific sensitive columns.
Example: Encrypting credit card numbers.
Provides more granular security.
Slide 12: Application-Level Encryption
Data is encrypted before reaching the database.
Application handles encryption and decryption.
More control but added complexity.
Slide 13: Backup Encryption
Encrypts database backups.
Protects against data theft during storage or transfer.
Slide 14: Key Management
Securely handling encryption keys.
Key rotation, secure storage (Hardware Security Modules - HSMs).
Slide 15: Database Auditing and Monitoring
Tracking access and changes to data.
Tools generate logs and alerts for suspicious activities.
Slide 16: Best Practices for Database Security
Regularly update and patch databases.
Use principle of least privilege.
Implement strong authentication methods.
Encrypt sensitive data.
Conduct regular security audits.
Slide 17: Compliance and Legal Requirements
GDPR: Protects personal data in Europe.
HIPAA: Protects health information in the U.S.
PCI DSS: Secures payment card information.
Slide 18: Challenges in Database Security
Balancing security with performance.
Complex key management.
Insider threats.
Evolving cyber threats.
Slide 19: Emerging Trends in Database Security
Use of AI for threat detection.
Homomorphic Encryption.
Blockchain for secure transactions.
Zero Trust Architectures.
Slide 20: Case Study: Data Breach Example
Example: 2019 Capital One Breach.
Cause: Misconfigured firewall and poor access control.
Lesson: Importance of layered security.
Slide 21: Conclusion
Database security is critical for protecting sensitive data.
Encryption is a vital tool but must be part of a larger security strategy.
Ongoing vigilance and adaptation are key to defense.
Slide 22: References
Microsoft Documentation on TDE
Oracle Database Security Guide
OWASP SQL Injection Guide
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