BASIC

STRUCTUR
Name: Tafshirul Alam Mahi
Roll: 01
Batch: 1st
Department: Architecture

AL
Student Id: 12190101
World University of Bangladesh

SYSTEM
What is Structural
System?
Structural systems are those elements of construction that are designed to form part of
a building’s structure either to support the entire building or just a part of it.
It’s one kind of framework of identifiable elements which gives form and stability and resists
stresses and strains.

The basic framework consists of two portion:

1.Substructure
2.Superstructure

Substructure: The substructure is the lower part

of a building which is constructed below the
ground level. Substructure involves footing and
plinth of a building.

Superstructure: The superstructure is the

portion of a building which is constructed above
the ground level.
What Kind of Load Applied
on Structure?
A building structure has to support two types of load:
1.Static load
2.Dynamic load

Static load: A static load is a constant steady load.

Two types of static load:
1.Live load
2.Dead load
Live load:
The live load includes some of the building’s moving
objects and peoples. Such as people, desks, cabinets,
etc.

Dead load:
The dead load includes weight of structural parts of the
building, such as concrete beam, wall, ceiling, floor,
etc.

Dynamic load: A load which changes in

magnitude, direction and position with respect to
What Are Elements of
Structure?
The elements of basic structural system:
1.Load bearing wall
2.Slab
1.Beam
2.Column

Wall: A load bearing wall is a structural element that

carries the load of a building.

Slab: A concrete slab is a structural feature, usually of

constant thickness, that can be used as a floor or a
roof.

Beam: Beams are usually horizontal structural

elements
that carry loads perpendicular to their longitudinal
direction.

Column: A column is a
vertical structural member intended
to transfer a compressive load. For example,
Types of Basic Structural
System
3 Types of Basic
Structural System
WALL SLAB POST LINTEL POST SLAB
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
Wall Slab Structure
Continuous or linear support system to transfer the
external How it
loads to the ground with the help of wall and slab.
Works?
Elements: 1.Wall
2.Slab

Stair:

• Landing should be supported by load bearing wall.

• Parallel walls on two sides can also provide support.

• Arch also can provide support for stair.

Wall Slab Structure Opening of Wall Slab
Opening: Structure
• Big opening not possible, only small opening.
• Not more than 30% of the load bearing wall.
• Arch framework or lintel is used.
• Continuous horizontal opening avoided.

Span:

• 12’ to 15’ span could be possible.

• Large span of roof is problem and it may be solved
by waffle slab.

Punch:

• Generally punch can’t be possible.

• Only punch is appeared on first floor with respect to
four walls around it.
• Punch can’t be done 1/3 area of the roof.

Material:

Reinforced concrete slab with wooden, brick, stone

wall.
Wall Slab Structure
Expression of Wall Slab
Expression:
Structure
• No grid pattern, can be any desired shape.
• Large, unbroken plans could be expressed.
• Small punches in elevation
• For large openings, arches are provided.
• Massive and bold expression.
• Solid void relationship is boldly represented.
• For hot dry climate this type of structure gives extra
benefit.
• Screen wall can be added.
• This type of structure lasted for thousand years.

Cost & Time:

• Low rise building of this system represents economy.

• Generally low cost construction.
• Construction period is larger than any other system.
• Foundation is more shallow than other system.
Why Wall Slab
Structure?
Advantage: Disadvantage:
• This system is economical for low storied
structure. • Span of the area is not enough, maximum 15’.

• Foundation is shallower than other systems, so • Limitation of structure height, 6-7 storied possible.
foundation cost is the least of all.
• Walls must be built over a wall.
• Arches, domes and vaults are used in this
system. • More time is required for construction.

• Post doesn’t disturb the free space. • Small space over a big space is not possible.

• Screen wall can be used. • Continuous opening can not be possible.

• Wall thickness sometimes is extra beneficial • This type of construction is not possible without good
for shading. load bearing capacity of earth.

• For hot dry climate this type of structure gives • Dampness is also a greater problem.
extra benefit.

• Construction lasted for thousands years.

 Chattagram Court Building
Location: Parir pahar, Chattagram
Structure: Wall slab
Case Study-1 Built Year: 1898
 Cymbalista Synagogue and Jewish Heritage
Center
Location: Tel Aviv, Israel
Case Study-2 Architect: Mario Botta
Built Year: 1998
Post Lintel Structure
Continuous or linear support system to transfer the
external loads to the ground with the help of post and How it
lintel.
Works?
Elements: 1.Beam
2.Column

Stair:
• Stair must start with respect to a beam.

Orientation:
Post Lintel Structure
Clear Span: The distance between the interfaces of the
support of a span. Punch
Effective Span: The distance between center-to-
Method
center of the support of a span.

• Span is limited, 17’ to 22’ is economical.

• Beam is proportional to span of slab, such as span is

40’ than the width is 40’’.

• The depth of beam must be increase respectively with

the increase of span.

• Can be possible even more than 30% to 50%

economical.
Post Lintel Structure
Material: R.C.C, iron, brick, timber, stone, steel.

Context: Suitable for composite climate.

Expression of Post Lintel
Structure
Cost & Time: Time period less than wall slab system,
more costly than wall slab structure and economical
for large span building.

Expression:

• Post and lintel are shown as a frame work.

• Column and beam can be identified.

• Columns are placed along the edge line of the

building.

• Building height increase for the beam to get clear

space.

• Unexpected lines can be formed in elevation.

• Unexpected beam and column can disturb the indoor

spatial qualities.
Why Post Lintel
Structure?
Advantage: Disadvantage:
• Maximum column to column opening can
• Unexpected beam hampers interior.
be provided easily.

• Roof can be provided flat, pitch or any • Acoustic problem may occur.
other shape.
• Stairs must be started with the reference of
• Punch in slab can be provided easily. beam.

• Aesthetic framework can be done. • Extreme variation of solid not possible

• 50% of cantilever system is applicable. • Ribbon window can not be possible.

• It’s renovation system is safe and easy. • Short span beams with large concentrated
load near the posts will occur shear stress.
• Strong structure system for earthquake.
• Opening should be placed considering post.
 Chief Judicial Magistrate Court Building
Location: Kotwali, Chattagram
Structure: Post lintel
Case Study-1 Material: Brick, Concrete
 Gallery of ISMO
Location: France
Architect: KAAN Architecten
Case Study-2 Built Year: 2018
Post Slab Structure
Continuous or linear support system to transfer the
external loads to the ground with the help of post and How it
slab.
Works?
Elements: 1.Slab
2.Column

Stair:
• Simply supported stair.
• Stair can be created by using cantilever.

Opening:
• Any kinds of opening of any size can be provided.
• Possible to place ribbon window.
Post Slab Structure
Span:
Position of
• 17’ to 22’ span could be possible.
Wall
Cantilever:

• Minimum cantilever: L/3

• Maximum cantilever: L/2
• Cantilever will be 1/3 of the span of the post.
• Maximum cantilever will be 33% to 50% of the span.

Position:

• Wall can be built freely as desired in different

floors.
• It is recommended to built walls on the column
Post Slab Structure
Punch:
• Large punch without disturbance of beam.
• In the area common to the slab middle strips. Expression of Post Slab
• In the area common to the two column strips, not more
than one-eighth the width of the strip in either span Structure
should be interrupted by opening.
• In the area common to the one column strip and one
middle strip, not more than one-fourth of the re-
enforcement in either strip should be interrupted by
opening.

Expression:
• Plan of the building of post and slab system is regular
shaped and strong square grid pattern.
• The slab is always cantilevered from the post.
• Solid void relationship is strongly achieved.
• Vertical reference is maintained.
• Floating effect can be achieved.
• Continuous opening can be provided.
Why Post Slab
Structure?
Advantage: Disadvantage:
• Ribbon window or large opening is a greater
opportunity. • Without beam it can not bear tensile load.

• Cantilever 33% to 50% possible. • It has complexity of work.

• Slabs can be cut as freely as needed. • Not good solution for earth quake zone.

• Position of enclosing wall can be changed in • Increase cost of material and handling is tough.
different floor plan.
• It is strictly maintained by grid system.
• Different types of shading device can be
used. • Poor workmanship can lead to accident.

• Partition wall can be use as required. • Drop panels may interfere large mechanical
ducting.
• Less use of materials.
• It has less resistance.
• Very helpful for interior design.

• Improve durability of structure.

 New Railway Station Chattagram
Location: Station Road, Chattagram
Structure: Post slab
Case Study-1 Material: Iron, Concrete
 Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown
Location: Lisbon, Portugal
Architect: Charles Correa Associates
Case Study-2 Material: Concrete, Steel, Glass
 Common Features

Topic Wall Slab Post Lintel

Post Slab
12’-15’ could be economical. 17’-22’ could be economical.
Span Beam is proportional to span of slab.
Large span of roof is problem solved 24’-26’ could be economical.
by waffle slab.

Generally no cantilever is used. Economic cantilever can be taken up to Floor slab in all across must be
30% of the immediate span. cantilevered.
Cantilever
Maximum cantilever will be 33%-50% of
the post.
Not more than 30% of bearing wall. Series of opening can be possible.
Any kind of opening can be provided.
Opening
Continuous horizontal opening Post makes problem in placing of windows.
avoided. Ribbon window can be possible.

Generally punch can not be possible. Punched on the slab can be obtained
without any disturbance. Large punch without disturbance of beam.
Punch Only a punch is appeared on first floor
with respect to four walls around it.

Low cost construction. 30% more costly than wall slab structure.
Costing
More costly than post lintel structure.
Low rise building this system represent
THANK
S Bibliography:
• A visual dictionary of architecture – Francis D. K. Ching.

• Works of rafiq azam.

• Complete works of tadao ando.

• Design of concrete structure 14.

• Works of le corbusier.

• Projects of charles correa.

• Philosophy and design from engineering to architecture.

CREDITS: This presentation template was
• Design of masonary structure – A. W. Hendry, B. P. Sinha, S. R.
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Devis.
Flaticon, and infographics & images by
• Projects of mario botta Freepik

• Works of muzharul islam