POST LINTEL STRUCTURE
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Structure and Types
A structure is a system of inter connected elements to carry loads safely to under ground earth.
• Structures have defined boundaries within which each element is physically or functionally connected
to the other elements.
• In structure elements themselves and their interrelationships are taken to be either fixed or changing
only occasionally or slowly.
Usually we can see 4 types of building structure which are –
1. Wall Slab,
2. Post Slab,
3. Post Lintel,
4. Space Structure.
What is Post-Lintel Structure?
Post and lintel is a construction technique, where a horizontal member (lintel) is supported by two vertical posts at
either end. This very simple form is commonly used to support the weight of the structure located above.
- BEAM (LINTEL) to bear the loads that rest on it, (as its own load).
- POST to support the lintel weight and the load above it without crushing or bulking.
Definition
• Structural system, in which two upright members (posts, columns, piers), the posts, hold up a third
member (lintel, beam, girder, rafter) , laid horizontally across their top surfaces.
• Most commonly used to support the weight of the structure located above the openings in a bearing
wall created by windows and doors.
• In Britain it is called post-and-lintel system, but in the U.S. “lintel” is usually reserved for a short beam that
spans a window or door opening.
• The post and beam formed the basis of architecture from prehistoric to Roman times, and is illustrated by
such ancient structures as Stonehenge.
• The beam must bear loads that rest on it as well as its own load without deforming or breaking. Post-and-
beam construction has largely been supplanted by the modern steel frame.
History of Post-Lintel Structure
Post Lintel structures are seen throughout the history. The Neolithic places were heavily constructed, with dozens
of posts in the interior space, and this style of structure, Where the weight of the roof is carried on posts buried in
the ground, persists for most of prehistory. It was used vastly in Egyptian and Greek architecture.
Greek Architecture Roman Architecture:
Greek architecture is characterized Roman architecture is mainly based on Greek style.
by post and lintel stone and white For this reason, roman architecture is also based in the
marble construction and columns in construction of structures made with stone or marble,
drum sections. using the post and lintel technique.
Chinese Architecture: Japanese Architecture:
The traditional timber hall in China has stayed Japanese architecture used Wood to build the structures
close to its Neolithic roots, with the weight of with post and lintel method.
the roof is still carried on posts rather than on
rigid walls.
Posts and Lintel System
-Two upright members (post, columns, piers)
-Third member (lintel, beam, girder, rafter)
-The basis for the evolution of all openings to support the weight of the structure located above the openings.
Posts
The job of the post is to support the lintel and its loads without crushing
or buckling. Failure occurs, as in lintels, from excessive weakness or length,
but the difference is that the material must be especially strong in
compression. Stone, which has this property, is more versatile as a post
than as a lintel; under heavy loads it is superior to wood but not to iron,
steel, or reinforced concrete. Masonry post, including those of brick,
may be highly efficient, since the loads compress the joints and add to
their cohesiveness. Although monolithic stone columns are used, they are
extravagant to produce for large structures, and columns are usually built
up of a series of cylindrical blocks called drums. The job of the post is to
Support the lintel and its loads without crushing or buckling. Masonry post,
including those of brick, may be highly efficient, since the loads compress
the joints and add to their cohesiveness.
Lintel The job of the beam or lintel is to bear loads that rest on it, also includes its own weighth.
The beam has to be able to do this without deformer break. Beams are usually made of wood,
stone, steel or reinforced or pre-tensioned concrete.
Stone lintels must be short, weak in bending Materials strong in bending, bigger span,
greater openings.
SLAB TYPE
There are two type of slabs. Those are stated below –
• ONE WAY SLAB
• TWO WAY SLAB
ONE WAY SLAB TWO WAY SLAB
ONE WAY SLAB
One way slab is a slab which is supported by beams on the two opposite sides
to carry the load along one direction. The ratio of longer span (Lx) to shorter
span (Ly) is equal or greater than 2, considered as One way slab because
this slab will bend in one direction i.e in the direction along its shorter span.
Main reinforcement is provided in only one direction for one way slab
TWO WAY SLAB
Two way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads
are carried by the supports along with both directions, it is known as two way
slab. ... In two way slabs, the load will be carried in both the directions. So, the
main reinforcement is provided in both directions for two way slabs.
The ratio of the longer span to the shorter span is less than 2 i.e Lx/Ly<2.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Member : Columns, Beams, Walls, Slab
Material : Bricks, R.C.C, Iron
Span : Economical range is 17' to 22’. Beam width is proportional to span of slab, For large span more economical regular grids give
strong reference.
Column Thickness : Column size not less than 10“x10” for BNBC code
Post / Column dimension depends on span
Beam
The job of the beam or lintel is to
bear loads that rest on it, also
includes its own width
The beam has to be able to do this
without deform or break
Made of wood, stone, steel or
reinforced or pre-tensioned
concrete.
BEAM TYPES
1.Simple Supported Beam 2.One end continuous supported beam
3.Both end continuous supported beam 4. Cantilever beam
Column
*Columns are vertical members subjected
to compressive loads.
*They transmit loads from the upper floors
to the lower levels and then to the soil
through the foundations.
Types Of Column:
1. Square column
2. Rectangular column
3. Circular column
4.L-Section
5.T-Section
6.+- Section compressive loads. They also
referred to as pillars
Span
• Span is not less than 14’ in one way slab
• Span is not more than 30’ in 2:1 rectangular slab
• Economic limit is 15’-20
Cantilever
• Economic limit : 1/3th of the span
• Cantilever should not be less than 5’ in length
• If less than 5’ additional beam should not be needed
Wall
• Wall must be placed over a beam.
• As wall does not carry any load, opening can be created anywhere
• 100% opening in wall is possible
Cantilever
FOUNDATION
The foundation is the part of a structure that is usually place below the surface
of the ground & that transmit the load to the underlying soil or rock.
Wall Footing Column Footing Combined Footing
*R.C.C Wall *Rectangular *Pile
*Masonry Wall *Square *Raft ,Deep Foundation
Punch For roof
Span
Span is limited,17’-22’ is economical. Beam Punched on the slab can be obtained without any disturbance
is proportional to span of slab. Such as span
40’ than the width40’’.
Punch For Wall
Wall must be placed over a beam. As wall
does not carry any load, opening can be
created anywhere of the wall,100% opening
in wall surface is possible.
Possible Impossible
Possible
Joint systems
Thumb Rules
• Column Thickness:
x = {(La x 12)/15}”
y = {(Lb x 12)/15}”
• Minimum Column Thickness=(10”x10”)
• Short Column : (h/r ≤ 12)
• Slender Column : (h/r > 12)
• Beam Thickness : R = {(h x 12)/12 }”
• Beam Width : x =(H/2)”[Generally 10”-12”]
• Economical Span Length 24’
• Cantilever = (1/3) x La [Not less than 5’]
• Classification by Beam Orientation:
One way Beam : La / Lb > 2
Two Way Beam : La / Lb ≤ 2
• Slab Thickness : T =[{2 x(La + Lb)/180} x12]”
• Economical Cantilever Portion
Post-Lintel Structure: we use to cantilever
not less then 5’-0” for open side on a support. But its
depends on overturning moment should be balance
by type of load or embedded layer.
Minimum slab thickness:
• Simply supported L/20
Span:
• One end continuous L/24
The depth of beam must be increased with the increase of span.
• Both end continuous L/28 22’-27’ suitable
24’ economical
• Cantilever L/10
STRUCTURAL SHAPES
Dead load and live load - Weight of inanimate objects like furniture and living being
Lintel - The force is directed to the lintels
Column - Column picks up the load from lintel
Footing - The load is distributed to the substructure
Ground - Load is distributed over the ground from the footing
Structure in Stairs
In the post lintel structure there are three types of stair section
Beam hanging from landing level Beam hanging from Slab level Beam inverted from Landing level
Orientation of member
Feature and expression
• Post and Lintel are shown as framework
• Beam can be shown under or over the roof as inverted beam
• Column and beam can be identified
• Building height increase for the beam to get clear space
• Unexpected lines can be formed in elevation
• Have direction, sense of space
• Stability
• Grid pattern
Waffle slab
A reinforced-concrete floor and roof construction employing a square grid of deep ribs with coffers in the interstices. Span up to 14 m
and live load up to 7.5 kN/m2
Advantages:
Carries heavy loads
Attractive exposed ceilings
Sound and Heat Insulator
Maximum used in auditorium and double height entry
Giving added strength in both directions.
Disadvantages:
Formwork with panels is expensive
Advantages & Disadvantages of post lintel structure
Advantages
AESTHETICS
• Sometimes the heavy or rigid masses are treated politely by using the
framework of the post-lintel which gives an extra ordinary looks.
• SPAN & SPACE
• Larger span (column to column distance) of building is possible.
ECONOMIC
• The maintenance cost of this system remains lower than the other
structural system for its long lasting characteristics.
CLIMATE
• Considering the climate this system is more suitable for our country.
• The control of openings admits the little amount of heat in the building.
• For the free flowing plan light and ventilation can easily insert the
building.
ENVIRONMENT
• This structural system having less self-loads which reduces the risk of
danger of earthquake.
• It can resist the buckling or bending effect of the building from the strong
wind flow.
• It has the capability of fire resistance for the construction material
(R.C.C.).
OPENNINGS
• In post-lintel system 50% area of the external facade is remaining for the openings of the building.
• For this there is a control over use of openings.
SUSTAINABILITY
• This system has less possibility of failure than the other structural system.
FLOOR SLAB
• Floor slab is a slab supported on ground generally distribute load to the
ground uniformly.
• It also increases the bearing capacity of soil as the load distributes
combined.
SOLID-VOID RATIO
• By using the framework of post-lintel system we can make a sense full
solid-void ratio which illuminate the monotonous effect.
CANTILEVER OR OVERHANG
• The portion of any structure that is over hanged without any support
termed as cantilever.
• Sometimes cantilever construction is economical and looks
aesthetically attractive which may become a useful part of that
structure.
DISADVANTAGES
• Extreme variation of solid is not possible.
• Opening should be place considering the post.
• Stair must start with respect to a beam.
• Building height increases for the beam to get clear Space.
• Also duct for air conditioning are used under beam, so floor height increases which is not
acceptable for height.
• This system more costly (30%more)than wall slab system but economic range can be kept in a
lower gird when the span is limited 15' to 25’.
• Uninterrupted vast space can not be created without using vault dome or waffle.
• Sometimes this problem creates visual disturbance, which is avoided, in flat slab.
• The construction cost of this system is slightly high for the time consuming costing of beam and
slab and the use of R.C.C
• The lintel will deform by sagging in the middle
because the underside is under tension and the
topside is under compression.
• It's The small distances required between the
posts.
• not nearly as common as platform construction.
• This may translate into higher building prices for
post and lintel construction.
• The weight of each piece.
Disadvantages:
• The biggest disadvantages to this type of
• construction is the limited weight
• be held up,
• expensive and High rise weight will
• required between the posts.
• This structure can not use in High rise
• Failure occurs when the material
• or the span is to long to support the load. This makes the beam
bend or break. This aspect combined with others can cause
• many structural
• structure like a house of cards.
• The lintel will deform by sagging in
• the middle
• Limited weight that can be held up.
• The small distances required
• between the posts.
• It’s not nearly as common as
• platform construction.
• The weight of each piece.
Case study 1
Vacation House
Bhurulia Gazipur, Bangladesh
Architect : Shamsul Wares
Building Type : Residence
Findings
Load distribution through post and lintel
Tie Beam for maintaining spatial integrity
Large opening
Grid is maintained
Waffle slab
Case study 2
PROJECT NAME: Hotel Radisson BLU, Chittagong
ARCHITECT: Ar Mustapha Khalid Palash
ARCHITECTURAL CONSULTANTS : Vistaara Architects [PVT] Ltd.
YEAR: 2015
Floor plans
Context
The site is at a lower elevation than the surroundings, the stadium on the south and the largest mosque of the city on the
north all are found to be a sharp contrast to the USE and NEED of a star rated hotel.
Being elongated on north-south direction, advantages have been taken in distinctively dividing the functionality .
being positioned at the center the Tower Block is flanked by two open to sky courtyards edged by two podium blocks as
mentioned. The default linear setting of these three blocks gives an efficient management in terms of facility handling
and traffics movements through inundated courtyards.
FINDINGS
•Introduction of the courtyards thus helps the deliberate attempt of an introvert design allowing ample
day lights all around the interior spaces supplemented by variety of exterior views.
•The Atrium, rising from the podium level till the top of the tower, embodies five levels of podium and
allows bold interplay of interior spaces, helping to achieve a different dimension.
•A uniform grid can be seen in the plan and construction, it is also added to the exterior of the project.
Full Construction process &
3d visualization
https://youtu.be/OX7fVa_nrEI
THANK YOU
