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ECLIPSE Blackoil Course
SCHEDULE Section: History Match
This slide does not appear in the manual
Purpose of the SCHEDULE Section The SCHEDULE section is used to specify Well operations to be simulated Times (TSTEP, DATES) to be simulated Simulator tuning parameters
The SCHEDULE Section is often used in two modes:
History matching – specify actual wells, facilities and production/injection Focus of this session Prediction – specify control mechanisms, new wells, economic limits History Matching vs. Prediction 3
Interpreted geology, Sensitivity Runs geophysics, petrophysics Produce results for risk Tuning Runs evaluation economics Reservoir Modify properties until model Description & actual rates match
Prediction Runs Actual Existing wells continue Production & Sensitivity Runs to produce & are worked- ECLIPSE Pressure Identify uncertain over logically Model properties OK? New well drilling may be implemented Model Production & EOR options may be Pressure tested
History Match
Prediction Predictions depend on quality of reservoir description! Typical History Match Schedule Section
1. Specify output 2. Specify wells, VFP tables, completions & rates 3. Advance the simulation Specify old well rates Specify any workovers Specify any new wells DATA File 4. Repeat 5. End of history match VFP Curve Specification
The VFP table is a table of BHP versus FLO, THP, WFR, GFR and ALQ FLO is the oil, liquid or gas production rate WFR is the water-oil ratio, water cut or water-gas ratio GFR is the gas-oil ratio, gas-liquid ratio or oil-gas ratio ALQ is a variable that can be used to incorporate an additional parameter, such as the level of artificial lift
VFPi is the ECLIPSE family pre-processor that can be used to
generate this keyword VFP Table Usage Well Specification: WELSPECS
Introduces new well and specifies some of its general data
This keyword is compulsory A well must be introduced with this keyword before it can be referenced in any other keyword WELSPECS --nm grp I J refD phase drad
P1 G 2 2 1* OIL -1 / P21 G 8 1 1* OIL -1 / I20 G 20 1 1* WAT -1 / /
WELSPECS WELSPECS Item 7, Drainage Radius rd P* average Productivity index (PI) and well
Physical Model reservoir pressure drawdown depend upon: Grid block size in ECLIPSE Pw, well BHP Pw rd, re drainage radii A significant part of history matching is adjusting well parameters to achieve the correct re
ECLIPSE Model inflow performance Pc, cell pressure
Pw
WELSPECS Measure of Pressure
Appropriate drawdown behavior is achieved by adjusting the productivity
index: Request WBP & WBP9 in the Summary Section Use the approximation: WBP9 WBP9 WBP9 WBHP H WPIMULT WBP WBHP H WBP
Where: WBHP - bottomhole pressure from well test WBP9 WBP9 H - hydrostatic correction (midperfs to ECLIPSE datum) WELSPECS Item 8, Flow in Gas Wells P/z
Q P2 Non- Darcy flow P m(P) Non-linear behaviour QP - use pseudo pressure Low compressibility Darcy flow
P (psia) 2000 3500
WELSPECS Completion Specification: COMPDAT 2
Used to specify the position and properties of one or more
COMPDAT COMPDAT Item 8: Connection Factor ECLIPSE default: Assumes full penetration along only one axis
Schedule program: Three-part Peaceman formula with full vector representation, accounts for: Cell Permeability in I, J, & K Permeability tensor Kj Ki Partial completion Well Trajectory Kk
h1
h2 Perforations
COMPDAT Historical Flow Rate: WCONHIST 1
Used to set a history-matching well’s observed flow rate
Control modes: ORAT, WRAT, GRAT, LRAT, RESV WCONINJH is injection counterpart
DATES 1 'FEB' 1970 / / WCONHIST --nm stat ctl-by oil wat gas VFPtbl P1 OPEN ORAT 822.3 0.58 6122.5 5* / /
Repeated for each date….
WCONHIST Schedule Program
Schedule is an interactive program for preparing, validating and integrating production and completion data
Translate real-world information
into ECLIPSE Schedule section keywords Simulation Advance & Termination DATES 1 JAN 1998 / Advance to 12.00 am on 1/1/98 1 JUN 1998 / Advance to 12.00 am on 1/6/98
TSTEP 1 / Advance to 12.00 am on 2/6/98
TSTEP 0.2 / Advance by 0.2 days
END Conclude simulation
Common Workover Keywords
WELOPEN Open and shut wells at known time COMPDAT Alter completion properties to simulate plugs, squeezes, frac jobs WELPI, WPIMULT Modify well PI MULTX, MULTX-, MULTY, MULTY-, MULTZ, MULTZ- Change cell transmissibility to simulate damage Output Control To send output to the PRT file: RPTSCHED Can request many properties to be output
To send output to Restart file(s )
RPTRST Can request many properties to be output Can specify the frequency of output Can be used for Restart runs & 3D post-processors
Purpose of the SCHEDULE Section The SCHEDULE section is used to specify Well operations to be simulated Times (TSTEP, DATES) to be simulated Simulator tuning parameters
The SCHEDULE Section is often used in two modes:
History matching – specify actual wells, facilities and production/injection Prediction – specify control mechanisms, new wells, economic limits Focus of this session
This slide does not appear in the manual
Typical Prediction Schedule Section
1. Specify/Change output frequency
2. Specify wells, VFP tables, completions Choose keywords that will 3. Specify Groups cause ECLIPSE to treat wells in a manner similar 4. Specify Group & Well: to the company operating Economic limits, Well tests the field.
Automatic Workovers, Drilling, etc
5. Advance the simulation 6. End of Prediction DATA File Well Production Control: WCONPROD 3 WCONPROD --nm status ctl-by Oil W-G-Limit BHP THP VFP# P1 OPEN ORAT 4000 2000 3* 3000 2* /
1. P1 isisunder underoiloilrate rate Water cut WMCTL = 7 BHP Control control… is rising control… and BHP dropping BHP rises due 2. 2. P1 P1 isismoved movedtotoBHP BHP The waterflood has
PSIA to pressure control… reached P1 but is not support from control… providing enough
WBHP the aquifer & 3. P1 is switched to pressure support injector control by water rate… WMCTL = 2 WRAT Control
WMCTL = 1 ORAT Control Days
WCONPROD Group Production Control
Group control is used to mimic field operation
DATA File
Some Examples: Platform A has a certain water-handling capacity (GCONPROD) Facility B uses 25% of it’s gas production to run a treater, the remaining is sold (GCONSUMP) A voidage replacement scheme is implemented in Block C (GCONINJE) To maintain pipeline capacity, Company D will drill wells whenever the field production falls below a rate (PRIORITY) Economic Limit Definition
Oil production rate falls below limit Gas production rate falls below limit Water cut exceeds limit Gas-oil ratio exceeds limit Water-gas ratio exceeds limit Automatic Workovers
Triggered by Economic limit keywords (WECON, WECONINJ, CECON) Maximum limit set in GCONPROD
Some examples: DATA File
Plug back a well (WPLUG) Test shut-in wells and reopen (WTEST) Retube or add pump/gas lift, ie change VFP table (WLIFT) Cut back producers and injectors (WCUTBACK) Set up drilling queue (QDRILL, WDRILTIM) Restart Runs
The solution at the end of the Cell
history period is set as start Saturations & conditions for the prediction runs Pressures
Field Production Rate
recorded Why bother to recalculate past saturations & pressures? History Period Prediction Period
Restarts save simulation time!
(Restart Run) (Base Run)
ay Time
tD en es Pr Restarts in ECLIPSE Blackoil
Flexible restart Data must be processed (ie the transmissibilities are recalculated) User can change some of the data items from their values in the original run (ie increase the number of wells) Can restart on files written by earlier versions of ECLIPSE
Fast restart Data is stored in a processed form Must have been produced by the current version of ECLIPSE How to Create a Flexible Restart
In the manual, there are
Reference Manual step by step instructions in the RESTART keyword This slide does not appear in the manual
