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Final Unit-3 Dbms

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21 views55 pages

Final Unit-3 Dbms

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valandmeet2306
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PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY


PARUL UNIVERSITY

Database Management System


Unit 3 : Relational Data Model
Computer Science & Engineering
Outline
• Data Models • Mapping Cardinalities
• Hierarchical Model • Participation Constraints
• Network Model • Weak Entity Sets,
• Relational Model • Specialization
• Object Oriented Model. • Generalization
• E-R Diagram • Aggregation.
• Introduction to E-R
Diagram
• Entities, Attributes & its
types,
•
What is Database Models?
A database model is a type of data model that defines the
logical structure of a database.
It determine how data can be stored, accessed and
updated in a database management system.
The most popular example of a database model is the
relational model, which uses a table-based format.
Type of Database Models

Hierarchical Model

Network Model

Entity-relationship Model

Relational Model

Object-oriented database Model


Hierarchical Model
• The hierarchical model organizes data into a tree-like structure, where
each record has a single parent or root.

• The hierarchy starts from the Root data, and expands like a tree, adding
child nodes to the parent nodes.
• In hierarchical model, data is organized into tree-like structure with one-
to-many relationship between two different types of data, for example,
one department can have many professors and many students.
Network Model
This is an extension of the hierarchical model, allowing many-to-many
relationships in a tree-like structure that allows multiple parents.
Entity-relationship Model
• In this database model, relationships are created by
. dividing object of interest into entity and its
characteristics into attributes.
Relational Model
In this model, data is organized in two-dimensional tables
and the relationship is maintained by storing a common
attribute.
Object-oriented database Model

• This data model is another method of representing real


world objects.
• It considers each object in the world as objects and
isolates it from each other.
• It groups its related functionalities together and allows
inheriting its functionality to other related sub-groups.
E-R Diagram
Entity
Entity Set
Attributes
Relationship
E-R Diagram Example:
.
E-R Diagram Example:
.
Limitation of E-R Diagram
.
Symbol of E-R Diagram
.
Symbol of E-R Diagram
.
Types of Attribute
Types of Attribute
.
Types of Attribute
Entity with Attributes:
Descriptive Attribute
Role:
Mapping Cardinality
One to One Relationship
One to Many Relationship
Many to One Relationship
Many to Many Relationship
Participation Constraints
Total Participation V/S Partial Participation
.
Weak Entity Set
.
Weak Entity Set
• in a DBMS, a weak entity set does not contain a primary key.
.
• For example, An entity of smartphones with its attributes,
phone's name, phone's colour, and phone's RAM.
• Below is the representation of a weak entity set in tabular form:
Weak Entity Set
Example of Entity Relationship Diagram representation of the above
weak entity set:
Weak Entity Set
Generalization
• Generalization is like a bottom-up approach in
which two or more entities of lower level
combine to form a higher level entity if they
have some attributes in common.

• In generalization, an entity of a higher level


can also combine with the entities of the
lower level to form a further higher level entity.

• In generalization, entities are combined to


Generalization
For example, Faculty and Student entities can be
generalized and create a higher level entity Person.
Specialization
• Specialization is a top-down approach, and it
is opposite to Generalization.

• In specialization, one higher level entity can


be broken down into two lower level
entities.

• Specialization is used to identify the subset


of an entity set that shares some
distinguishing characteristics.
Specialization
• For example: In an Employee management
system, EMPLOYEE entity can be specialized as
TESTER or DEVELOPER based on what role they
play in the company.
Superclass and Subclass
.
Generalization VS Specialization
.
Generalization VS Spec
Generalization VS Specialization
Example
.
Constraints :
Disjoint Constraint
Disjoint Constraint
Non-Disjoint Constraint
Participation Constraint
Total Constraint
Partial Participation
Aggregation
• In aggregation, the relation between two
entities is treated as a single entity.
• In aggregation, relationship with its
corresponding entities is aggregated into
a higher level entity.
• For example: Center entity offers the
Course entity act as a single entity in the
relationship which is in a relationship
with another entity visitor.
• In the real world, if a visitor visits a coaching
center then he will never enquiry about the
Aggregation
Thank You!!!
www.paruluniversity.ac.in

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