Building Technology and materials
Ar. Raksha Bongirwar
Ar.Mehak Mathur
CONSTRUCTION IS A PROCESS THAT CONSISTS OF
THE BUILDING OR ASSEMBLING OF BUILDING
COMPONENT
Vitruvius in his ‘Ten Books on Architecture’ has given us
the basic attributes of architecture-
‘Utilitas,
Firmitas and
Venustas’
Functionality, Stability and Beauty.
BASIC FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF A
BUILDING
THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF A GOOD
BUILDING SHOULD SATISFY:
THE STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING SHOULD BE
STRONG AND SOUND TO RESIST ITS NORMAL
BONDING
IT SHOULD HAVE SUFFICIENT STIFFNESS
FROM THE PERFORMANCE POINT OF VIEW THE
BUILDING SHOULD BE WELL PLANNED TO GIVE
MAXIMUM COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE TO THE
OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING.
TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE THREE BASIC
FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS A BUILDING
SHOULD SATISFY:-
1. COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE
2. DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
3. DURABILITY
4. ECONOMY
5. FIRE PROTECTION
6. HEAT OR THERMAL INSULATION
7. LIGHT AND VENTILLATION
8. MOISTURE OR DAMP PREVENTION
9. SECURITY
10.SOUND INSULATION
11.STRENGTH AND STABILITY
12.TERMITE CONTROL.
TO ACHIEVE COMFORT & CONVENIENCE
Building
should have ENOUGH LIGHT DURING DAY
& NIGHT without any GLARE.
Should
be ORIENTED to achieve maximum benefits of
NATURAL AIR & LIGHT.
Weightage to be given to LIVING, WORKING &
HEALTH CONDITIONS of the occupants of the
building.
Groupof rooms should be planned to ensure BETTER
CIRCULATION OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF
SPACE AND MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY.
ACT, PROCESS, AND TECHNOLOGY
…of building a structure.
ACT
Planning of
Design
complete project
Structural
consideration for
different Forms
Construction
Applying Materials
Details
DRAWINGS FOR
SITE
Construction of PROCESS
BUILDING
Foundation
FRAME from
Bottom to Top
Plinth
Wall Slabs
Finishing and
miscellaneous
TECHNOLOGY
Selection of type of
technology.
For different component
technology can be different
TYPES OF STRUCTURE
CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTION
STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES
WOOD FRAMED CONSTRUCTION
LOAD BEARING MASONRY WALL CONSTRUCTION
CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTION
STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES
WOOD FRAMED CONSTRUCTION
LOAD BEARING MASONRY WALL CONSTRUCTION
UNIT I
Introduction to various
elements of building from
foundation to roof.
BUILDING
ELEMENTS
BUILDING ELEMENTS
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS NON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
FOUNDATION NON LOAD BEARING WALLS
COLUMN DOORS & WINDOWS
BEAM FLOORING
SLABS PLASTERS & CLADDING
STAIRCASE RAILING
RAMP FINISHING
LOAD BEARING WALL COPING
LINTELS & ARCHES
• HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS :
Floor planes
Roof planes
Beams
• VERTICAL ELEMENTS :
Wall planes
Columns
Stairs / ramps
STRUCTURAL ELEMENT S
a. Foundation
b. Column
c. Beam
d. Slabs
e. Staircase
f. Ramp
g. Load Bearing Wall
h. Lintels & Arches
FOUNDATION:
Every structure consists of two parts foundation and
superstructure.
The lowest artificially prepared parts of the structure
which are in direct contact with the ground are known
as Foundation
PLINTH
Part of superstructure located between ground level
and floor level.
Height of plinth should not be less than 450 mm.
FOUNDATIO
PLINTH
PLINTH
Column:
Column in architecture and structural
engineering is a vertical structural
element that transmits through
compression the weight of the structure
above to other structural element below.
Column can be either compounded of
parts or made as a single piece.
Beam
Beam is a structural element whose cross
sectional dimension are much smaller as
compared to its length and its support
load transverse to its longitudinal axis
primarily by bending.
COLUMN
BEAM
BEAM
Click icon to add full page picture
BEAM
MASONARY OR RCC WALLS AND COLUMNS IN
SUPERSTRUCTURE
• Walls used to enclose or divide the floor space.
• Load bearing walls should be strong enough to take
its own weight, superimposed weight and lateral
pressure.
• Walls should provide
• Stability
• Weather resistance
• Fire resistance
• Heat insulation
• Privacy
• Security
MASONARY
SILL LEVEL ,LINTEL LEVEL, WEATHER SHED -
SILLS:
CHAJJA
Window sills provided between the bottom
of a window frame and above the top of
wall below.
Lintels
Provided at the top of windows doors and
ventilators
Supports the weight of the wall above the
openings
Weathersheds or chajjas
Generally combined with lintels to protect
doors, windows or ventilators from weather
CHAJJA
Slabs
Slabs are also known as plate is a two dimensional
which cover an area in plan.
Slabs are made up of cast-in-situ reinforced cement
concrete or are of precast RCC and classified as solid
slabs, flat slabs, and waffle slabs.
SLAB
SLAB
STAIRS, LIFTS, RAMPS, ETC
Means of vertical transportation between floors
Stair : Sequence of steps suitably arranged for the purpose of ascent
and descent between floors or landings.
•It consists of tread risers stringers, newel posts, baluster, balustrade,
handrail, etc
Materials : used are timber, stone, reinforced concrete, metal, bricks, etc
Shapes : straight turning circularhelical, geometrical
Ramp slope :1: 10 is desirable non slippery material straight zig zag
spiral curve
Escalators : ever moving flights of electrically operated stairs
Revolving drum
STAIRS
RAMPS
ESCALATORS :
Arches
Arches:-Opening for doors, window, and ventilator are required
in a wall. An arch is structure which is constructed to span
across such an opening.
PARAPETT
NON STRUCTURAL ELEMENT
Non Load bearing walls
Doors & Windows
Flooring
Plasters & Cladding
Railing
Finishing
Coping
DOORS WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS
• Allows Free movement
• Open able barrier secured in an opening left in a wall
• Frame and shutter
• Windows ventilators provided for light ventilation and
vision
• Sizes and numbers of windows are given as per
requirements
PLASTERING & POINTING
•Plastering thin plastic covering applied on surface of walls
and ceilings
•It removes unevenness of surfaces and imparts decorative
effects
•Pointing is process of finishing of mortar joints of either stone
masonry or brick masonry.
FLOORING , RAILING & FINISHING
COPING
Copings are designed to protect
the tops of walls and to finish
them neatly and improve their
appearance.
RECAPTULATION
IDENTIFY THE ELEMENT
FOUNDATION
PLINTH
CHAJJA
ARCHES
VENTILLATORS
COLUMN
COPING
BEAM
ODD MAN OUT
LOAD BEARING WALL, COLUMN, BEAM, STAIRS, FLOORING
FLOORING
FLOORING, POINTING ,PLASTERING, COPING, PARAPETT
PARAPETT
Assignment I
1. What are the basic functional requirements of the building?
2. To achieve comfort and convenience which point should be kept in
mind?
3. Write down the structural components of a building and explain
each in brief?
4. Write a short note on
a) Foundation
b) Doors & Windows
c) Staircase & Ramp
d) Coping
5. Differentiate between
a) Structural & Non-structural Components
b) Plastering & Pointing
c) Foundation & Plinth
Submission Date – 13/08/2015 , Thursday
THANK YOU
