Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Main Campus, Sta, Mesa, Manila

College of Architecture Design and Built Environment

BUILDING TECHNOLGY - 2
WOOD / STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

Prepared by:
MODULE 0
Ar. Maynard M. Muhi, MsCM, UAP
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO
CONSTRUCTION
Learning Outcomes:
1. To familiarize the principles of steel and
reinforced concrete systems.

2. To understand the different components of

the building system.

3. To understand the construction method and

building technology system.
 INTRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION
Construction industry is one of
the largest business sectors in
the entire world. It has been
estimated that about 10% of the
percentage of the gross national
product was given for
construction processes in a few
years. In About $214 billion and
$167 billion construction
contracts was estimated
for residential and non-building
projects, respectively.
 Clark International Airport Expansion Phase 1

Subic-Clark Railway Project

The construction industry is typically divided into different
areas with each one needs various skills, resources, and
experience. These areas are:

• Residential (single- and multifamily housing),

• Building (all buildings other than housing),
• Heavy/highway (dams, bridges, ports, sewage-treatment
plants, highways),
• Utility (sanitary and storm drainage, water lines, electrical
and telephone lines, pumping stations),
• Industrial (refineries, mills, power plants, chemical plants,
heavy manufacturing facilities).
BASIC CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION (MMC)

3D VOLUMETRIC CONSTRUCTION

PRECAST FLAT PANEL SYSTEM

MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION (MMC)

PRECAST CONCRETE FOUNDATION

FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION

MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION (MMC)

INSULATING CONCRETE FORMWORS

THIN WALL TECHNOLOGY

MODERN METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION (MMC)

PRECAST CLADDING PANEL

BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
1. Roof
The roof forms the
topmost component of a
building structure. It
covers the top face of
the building. Roofs can
be either flat or sloped
based on the location
and weather conditions
of the area.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING

2. Parapet

Parapets are short walls

extended above the roof
slab. Parapets are
installed for flat roofs. It
acts as a safety wall for
people using the roof.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
3. Lintel
Lintels are constructed
above the wall openings
like doors, windows,
etc. These structures
support the weight of
the wall coming over the
opening. Normally,
lintels are constructed
by reinforced cement
concrete.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
4. Beams and slabs

Beams and slabs form the horizontal

members in a building. For a single
storey building, the top slab forms the
roof. In case of a multi-storey
building, the beam transfers the load
coming from the floor above the slab
which is in turn transferred to the
columns. Beams and slabs are
constructed by reinforced cement
concrete (R.C.C).
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
5. Columns

Columns are vertical members

constructed above the ground
level. Columns can be of two types:
Architectural columns and
structural columns. Architectural
columns are constructed to
improve the building's aesthetics
while a structural column takes
the load coming from the slab
above and transfers safely to the
foundation.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
6. Damp Proof
Course(DPC)
DPC is a layer of
waterproofing material
applied on the basement
level to prevent the rise of
surface water into the
walls. The walls are
constructed over the DPC.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
7. Walls
Walls are vertical elements
which support the roof. It
can be made from stones,
bricks, concrete blocks, etc.
Walls provide an enclosure
and protect against wind,
sunshine, rain etc. Openings
are provided in the walls for
ventilation and access to the
building.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
8. Floors
The floor is the surface laid
on the plinth level. Flooring
can be done by a variety of
materials like tiles,
granites, marbles,
concrete, etc. Before
flooring, the ground has to
be properly compacted
and leveled.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
9. Stairs
A stair is a sequence of
steps that connects different
floors in a building
structure. The space
occupied by a stair is called
as the stairway. There are
different types of stairs like
a wooden stair, R.C.C stair
etc.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING
12. Foundation
The Foundation is a structural
unit that uniformly distributes
the load from the
superstructure to the
underlying soil. This is the first
structural unit to be
constructed for any building
construction. A good
foundation prevents settlement
of the building.
Stages of Construction:
Constructing buildings of any kind is a very
detail-oriented process. No matter if you are
constructing a medical facility, car dealership, or
manufacturing operation there are very definitive
steps that must be taken to ensure the safety of
construction workers, employees, and patrons of
the future building. While specifications and
permits can vary from project to project the
general order of operations in any construction
project remain the same.
CREATING A CONCEPT AND
DESIGN
The very first stage of construction is
to create a concept, followed by a
design and blueprints. Typically, this
is done with the help of an architect
to ensure everything is up-to-code
and that the design will be
structurally-sound and stable. We
work with our clients to ensure that
the building will suit their needs and
serve the business for many years to
come.
OBTAINING BUILDING
PERMIT
Once you have blueprints and
construction plans, you will need to
obtain the right building and
construction permits. This process will
be ongoing throughout the
construction project, as you need to
obtain different permits at different
times. Working with an experienced
construction firm aids this process
immensely. Our experience in obtaining
the proper permits at the right time help
our process run smoothly and on time.
CLEARING AND EXCAVATING THE LAND
After obtaining your initial building permits, your construction project will
commence by clearing and excavating the land upon which you want to
build. This includes removing any trees, boulders or other obstacles that
are in the way of your building, and leveling or grading the ground.
BATTER BOARDS
FOUNDATION
The foundation is the
lowermost part of the
building where the
building meets the soil. It
constitutes part of the
building's invisible
structure. There’s no
underestimating the
importance of erecting a
solid foundation for a
building.
Superstructure
A superstructure provides
support for the beam and slab.
Members of the superstructure
include the column designed to
strengthen the load mounted
upon the building's foundation.
The columns are constructed up
to the slab level and frame for
further construction. A
waterproof coating is added to
stop water from entering the slab
and casting.
Roofing
Roof refers to the
framing of the
uppermost layer of the
house to shape
covering, protection
from harsh weather,
and decoration and
beautification.
Electrical and plumbing
Exterior and interior
finishing

Plastering work commences

after electrical and plumbing
work has been completed. A
mixture of cement and sand is
used to plaster the exterior part
of the building. It is coated with
a thickness of 13 mm and
sometimes about 20 mm
thickness.
 PUNCH LIST

When the project is

complete, the
contractor inspects
the whole work one
by one and make a
punch list.
Turn Over of the Project
Warranty Period
When the project is complete and
handover into the owner, the
contractor specifies a warranty
period.
Within this period, any defects
found in the building constructed
have to be fixed and replaced with
the contractor in charge. The
warranty for appliances and
materials are obtained from
manufacturers and suppliers
THANK YOU