Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and includes all living things from plants and animals to bacteria and fungi. There are three levels of biodiversity: genetic diversity within a species, species diversity within an area, and ecosystem diversity of different habitats. Loss of biodiversity can occur when a species' population becomes endangered and faces extinction due to changes in the environment or human activities. The Philippines faces threats to several endangered species from habitat loss, hunting, and pollution. Global environmental issues like deforestation, wildlife depletion from habitat loss, water and air pollution, and coastal destruction negatively impact communities and biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and includes all living things from plants and animals to bacteria and fungi. There are three levels of biodiversity: genetic diversity within a species, species diversity within an area, and ecosystem diversity of different habitats. Loss of biodiversity can occur when a species' population becomes endangered and faces extinction due to changes in the environment or human activities. The Philippines faces threats to several endangered species from habitat loss, hunting, and pollution. Global environmental issues like deforestation, wildlife depletion from habitat loss, water and air pollution, and coastal destruction negatively impact communities and biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and includes all living things from plants and animals to bacteria and fungi. There are three levels of biodiversity: genetic diversity within a species, species diversity within an area, and ecosystem diversity of different habitats. Loss of biodiversity can occur when a species' population becomes endangered and faces extinction due to changes in the environment or human activities. The Philippines faces threats to several endangered species from habitat loss, hunting, and pollution. Global environmental issues like deforestation, wildlife depletion from habitat loss, water and air pollution, and coastal destruction negatively impact communities and biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and includes all living things from plants and animals to bacteria and fungi. There are three levels of biodiversity: genetic diversity within a species, species diversity within an area, and ecosystem diversity of different habitats. Loss of biodiversity can occur when a species' population becomes endangered and faces extinction due to changes in the environment or human activities. The Philippines faces threats to several endangered species from habitat loss, hunting, and pollution. Global environmental issues like deforestation, wildlife depletion from habitat loss, water and air pollution, and coastal destruction negatively impact communities and biodiversity.
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3 BIODIVERSITY OVERVIEW in Grade 8, you learned about the concept of species, the classification of organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system, and the advantage of high biodiversity in maintaining the stability of an ecosystem.
In Grade 9, you will explain the importance of biodiversity, find out how changes in the environment may affect species extinction and relate species extinction to the failure of populations of organisms to adapt to abrupt changes in the environment BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity is a word that describes the variety and richness of life on Earth. It includes all the living things, from plants and animals to bacteria and fungi, that exist in different habitats and ecosystems. LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY
GENETIC SPECIES ECOSYSTEM
DIVERSITY DIVERSITY DIVERSITY GENETIC DIVERSITY Genetic diversity is the variety of genes within a species. each species is made up of individuals that have their own particular genetic composition. Some examples can be different breeds of dogs, different varieties of colors of ladybugs, And even apples, they have been selectively bred for thousands of years to produce the varieties that we know today. SPECIES DIVERSITY is the difference within species or difference between. They are present in a particular habitat or ecosystem. similar species. The coral reefs support many coral species, fish, mollusks, and other marine organisms. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is a prime example. There are different species living in a grassland such as cow, carabao, horse, chicken etc. ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY concerns the different kinds of places where organisms live and the interconnections that bind these organisms. Examples are terrestrial ecosystems such as rainforests, grasslands, and deserts. Marine ecosystems belong to aquatic environments. Lake, pond, freshwater ecosystem, and many more. Reef Coconut Plantation Population A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time.
Several different populations may be found in a community. A population of one kind may affect a population of another land within the community Diversity of Index A diversity index is a way to measure how many different types of entities (such as species) are present in a dataset (such as a community), and how evenly they are distributed. There are different ways to calculate a diversity index, depending on what aspects of diversity are of interest. When a species' population becomes so low that cry a few remain the species is considered endangered and will possibly become extinct
Extinction is the disappearance of a species when the
last of its members die. Changes to habitats can threaten organisms with extinction. As populations of people increase, the impact of their growth and development is altering the face of the Earth and A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and pushing many other species interbreeding to the within a given brink area. of extinction. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time.
Several different populations may be found in a community. A population of one kind may The Philippines, like many other regions, faces challenges related to biodiversity loss and the threat of extinction for several species. Some animals in the Philippines that are close to extinction include:
• Philippine Eagle- One of the largest and rarest eagles in the world, the Philippine Eagle is critically endangered due to habitat loss and hunting. • Philippine Tarsier -This small primate is threatened by habitat destruction and the pet trade, leading to a decline in its population. • Philippine Crocodile- This crocodile species is critically endangered primarily due to A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and habitat loss, hunting, and accidental capture in fishing gear. interbreeding within a given area. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time.
Several different populations may be found in a community. A population of one kind may Imagine your day – from turning on a light to using your computer. Each of these activities involves using natural resources, things from the environment that make our lives work. But, are we being smart about it? Will these resources last? Sometimes, changes we make to the environment happen accidentally. Think about building houses or farms – it means clearing land, which affects plants and animals. And it can lead to pollution and other problems. , it's important to learn about the environmental issues around us, both local and global. Understanding these issues helps us make better choices, so we can use our resources wisely and make sure they'll be around for a long time. But for now, we would need to discuss the issues. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES / PROBLEMS THAT ARE AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY Deforestation One of the country's environmental problems is the rapid rate at which trees are cut down. Did you encounter the same problem in your community? In the Philippines, the major causes of deforestation are:
• Housing Projects • Illegal logging • Typhoons • Forest fires As a consequence of cutting down tress, the following effects could take places
• soil erosion • floods • decrease in wildlife resources that will eventually lead to extinction Wildlife Depletion As human population gets bigger, huge space is needed for shelter, for growing crops, and for industries. Deforestation is one of the major causes of the disappearances of wildlife species. Wildlife Depletion What happens to animal populations that are driven away from their natural habitat?
If they cannot find enough space, many will die or become
extinct. Some species may become endangered, or in the verge of becoming extinct. Water Pollution A major problem in lakes, rivers and ponds is eutrophication. It happens when the concentration of organic nutrients that comes from domestic garbage are thrown in bodies of water, increases rapidly one of the effects of water pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) PCBs are toxic wastes produced in the making of paints, inks and electrical insulators. Through the process of biological magnification, the PCB becomes concentrated in the body tissues of water organisms. Biological magnification is the buildup of pollutants in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain. Air Pollution Do you know that cars are one of the major contributors to air pollution?
Pollutants can enter the air as gases, liquids, or solids.
Cars burn fuel and produce harmful gases-carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide acts like a blanket over the Earth, holding in the heat that would otherwise radiate back into space. The trapping of heat by gases in the earth's atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect is a natural process. As carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere increases, greenhouse effect also intensifies-this will lead to global warming. Global warming is an increase in the earth's temperature from the rapid buildup of carbon dioxide and other gases. This, in turn, could change the world climate patterns. Destruction of Coastal Resources Do you live near coastal areas? Do you remember the times when you and your friends went to the seashore to gather seashells or played with some corals or, perhaps, played hide and seek among mangrove trees Coral reefs and coastal mangrove forests in the Philippines serve as breeding grounds and nurseries of marine fishes. But due to man's activities, coastal areas are getting destroyed through the years. Some of these activities include the following: • Deforestation, agricultural activities, and mining activities • Dynamite fishing and muro-ami • Coastal areas' conversion to beach resorts, residential areas • Overharvesting Acid Precipitation Acid precipitation is commonly known as acid rain. Rainwater is normally acidic, because carbon dioxide is normally present. Other pollutants, mostly sulfur and nitrogen oxides, make rainwater even more acidic, with a pH of 5.6 or lower. Emissions from factories and from exhaust of motor vehicles are some examples of pollutants. Acid rain can be harmful to living things. It causes yellowing of leaves of trees and cause leaves to fall. SHORT QUIZ T h a nk y o u !
