BIO-DIVERSITY LOSS

Presented By
Team:- Multifarious.

Team Members:-
1. Rubaiyat Hossain (222-27-130)
2. Jobayed Hossen (222-38-22)
3. Sabrina Jahan Mow (222-43-01)
4. Rifat Jahan (222-43-04)
 DEFINITION
•BIO MEANS
LIFE
 DEFINITION
•BIO MEANS •DIVERSITY
LIFE MEANS VARIETY
So, bio-diversity is:-

 The number and variety of plants, animals and

other organisms that exist in eco-system is known
as bio-diversity.
 Itis a measure of variety of organisms present in
different ecosystem.
Diversity of Life
 Components
Of
Bio-Diversity

Diversity Diversity Diversity

Of Of Of
Genes Eco-System Species
Diversity Of Genes
 It means the variation of genes. It includes the total
genetic information contained in the genes of all species.
 Example:- Chihuahuas, Beagles and Rottweilers are all the
same species but they are not the same because there is a
variety in their genes.
Diversity of Species
 Variety of living species refers to the number of species
and the number of individual in an ecosystem.
 Example:- Monkeys, Dragonflies, and Meadow Beauties are
all different species.
Diversity of Eco-System:-
 Variation of eco-system, the variety of habitats of natural
communities and ecological process.
 Example:- Lakes, ponds, and rivers are all fresh water
eco-system. Rocky Coast, sand, salt marsh, coral reef all
are Marine eco-system.
Importance of Biodiversity.
 Importance Of Bio-Diversity:-
•A healthy biodiversity provides a number of natural services for everyone:
•Ecosystem services, such as
•Protection of water resources
•Soils formation and protection
•Nutrient storage and recycling
•Pollution breakdown and absorption
•Contribution to climate stability
•Maintenance of ecosystems
•Recovery from unpredictable events
• Biological resources, such as
• Food
• Medicinal resources and pharmaceutical drugs
• Wood products
• Ornamental plants
• Breeding stocks, population reservoirs
• Future resources
• Diversity in genes, species and ecosystems
• Social benefits, such as
• Research, education and monitoring
• Recreation and tourism
• Cultural values
 Bio-Diversity Loss:-

• Bio- Diversity loss is a decrease in bio-diversity within a

species, an eco system, a given geographic area or Earth
as a whole.
 Causes of Bio-Diversity loss:-

• The main cause of the loss of bio-diversity can be attributed to the influence of human beings on the
world eco-system.
• There are four major causes called “The Evil Quartet” of bio-diversity losses-

Habitat loss and fragmentation.

Over exploitation.
Alien species invasion.
Co-extinctions.
 Habitat loss and fragmentation:-
• Habitat destruction and fragmentation is a process that describes the
emergences of discontinuities or the loss of the environment inhabited by an
organism.
Example:- Marine eco-system are experiencing high rates
 Over-Exploitation:-

• When need turns to greed it leads to over exploitation of natural

resources. Over use of a renewable resources to the point that it is no
longer renewable or its quantity drops dramatically for a sustained
period of time.
Example:- The complete collapse of Atlantic cod stocks from over fishing
that peaked at 800000 per year in the early 1970’s with close to zero
catches by 1992.
 Alien Species Invasion:-

• When alien species are introduced in an area some of them become

invasive and may cause extinction of indigenous species.
Example:- The illegal introduction of the African catfish for agricultural
purposes in posing threat to the indigenous catfishes in our rivers.
 Co-Extinction:-

• When a species become extinct the plants and other animal species
associated with it also become extinct.
Example:- When one partner of a co-evolved pollinator mutualism become
extinct, the other partner also have the same fate.
Effects of Biodiversity loss:-

 Ecological effects
 Spread of diseases
 Loss of livelihood for locals
 Loss of our recreational space
 Society effects
 Effect on food production
 Economic effects
 Ecological effects

• The loss of biodiversity has severe ecological effects. Since our planet has a
natural system and species depend on each other, losing a small number of
species can lead to big effects.
The extinct prey which may have consumed plants is now no longer be able to
do so. Thus, these plants will grow excessively and may dominate other plants
and eventually displace them.
 Spread of diseases

• Due to a loss in biodiversity, diseases are likely to occur more frequently. Since our
environmental system is quite sensible and structured, removing species from the
food chain can create serious trouble. For example, if a lion kills an antelope, he
will eat part of it. The remaining part will be eaten by other animals.
• However, if these other animals go extinct and are no longer able to consume the
rest of the antelope, it may waste and in this wasting process, several kinds of
diseases can be developed. If other animals are contaminated with these diseases,
it can also spill over to humans due to our consumption of meat.
 Loss of livelihood for locals

• The loss of biodiversity also causes a decline in the livelihood of many

locals. This can be due to reduced crop yields or other effects. Locals may
also raise cattle in order to survive. However, if a loss in biodiversity
leads to decrease in biomass of feed, farmers will no longer be able to
raise enough cattle due to the feed shortage.
 Loss of our recreational space

• We can also lose our recreational space as an effect of the loss of biodiversity.
Many people are stressed from their work and sometimes need a space to
relax.
• A forest or a lake surrounded by plants may be an optimal area for this.
However, if we further destroy our forests in order to get more settlement
space, we will lose many of these recreational environments.
 Society effects

• There are also adverse effects on our society from a loss in biodiversity. In
nowadays society, we are just so focused on computers, smartphones and
other electronic stuff and lose the connection to nature which our ancestors
have built in a natural way.
• This loss of connection to nature may lead people to feel something is
missing but they do not exactly know why since they have never been in
touch with nature yet. Moreover, nature provides a relaxing environment
which if lost can lead people to become too stressed and mentally ill.
 Effect on food production

• A loss in biodiversity can have vast adverse effects on our food production. Since we
nowadays exploit many natural living spaces to an unhealthy degree, chances are that
we lose many food sources which we could otherwise use in the future.
• For example, there may be sources of food in the Amazonian rainforests which we have
not even explored yet. However, through the deforestation process, these species are
likely to be lost even before we can discover them. Thus, we rob ourselves since we will
not be able to use this species in the future.
 Economic effects

• Apart from the environmental effects which are bad enough, a loss in biodiversity
also causes adverse economic effects. For example, if we lost bees, we would
suffer from a serious decline in crop yields which would lead the GDP to collapse
and would also lead to an increase in famine.
ways how we can protect
biodiversity
• Even though the biodiversity of many
habitats has become threatened there
are many things we can do to help
reduce this danger. These are some of
the steps you can take to conserve
biodiversity.
• Government legislation
• Governments have the power to control what is done to the habitats
within their country. Legislation that protects natural habitats by
outlawing development, harvesting of natural resources, or other
human exploitation has a huge impact on maintaining natural
biodiversity.
• Nature preserves
• Nature preserves are a form of government regulation and are
often known as National Park. They protect a region and the
organisms that live there from certain forms of development and
provide access for people to visit them. This is excellent because
it protects the natural habitat and is a place where people can
view the ecosystem.
• The goal is that over time this helps people have more respect for
the natural world and increases pressure on government to
further protect other areas.
• Reducing amount of invasive species
• Invasive species are sometimes introduced to an area on purpose,
but also sometimes by accident. To limit the number of invasive
species moved by accident planes, ships, and cargo must be
thoroughly checked before it is offloaded in a new country.
• Additionally, people should not bring new species of animals or
plants to an area without consulting ecologists knowledgeable on
the region.
• Habitat restoration
• After an area is damaged by human impacts we can try to return
to its natural state. This means bringing back the plants and
animals that are naturally found there. This has been shown to be
a promising way of returning biodiversity to a region.
• Captive breeding
• Captive breeding is when animals in captivity (often at zoos) are
bred. This is seen as somewhat controversial, as it requires the
capture of animals that are often near extinction. On the positive
side it provides the opportunity to increase the population of the
species, so they can be reintroduced into the wild .
Seed banks:-
• Seed banks are areas where huge varieties of plant seeds are
stored. This provides a failsafe if a species goes extinct in nature.
The plant can be grown from a saved seed and reintroduced back
into its habitat.
• Research
• Understanding how species interact within their environment is crucial to
protecting them. As humans further understand species interaction we find
new and more direct ways to help protect organisms and maintain
biodiversity.
 Reduce climate change

•  As we know, climate change has disastrous consequences for all living

things on earth. We use huge amounts of fossil fuels, which directly cause
climate change. 
• We need to move away from fossil fuels and towards alternative energy
sources and natural or sustainable products. Reducing the effects of climate
change requires a worldwide effort.
 Purchase sustainable products

• Our consumption of natural resources is one of the main reasons for

biodiversity loss, so it is our responsibility to consume products that are
produced in the most sustainable way possible.
• Additionally, when we consume these goods it increases demand for
environmentally conscious products pushing more producers to make them.
 Sustainable living

• Sustainable living is something that we can each choose to do on a daily

basis. Whether it be by taking shorter showers, riding a bike to work or
buying eco labeled products it helps reduce the amount of resources we use.
• This is arguably the most important way of protecting biodiversity because
everyone can do it, often with only small lifestyle changes. If everyone chose
to live sustainably, biodiversity in a variety habitats would improve.
 Education

• As with most environmental topics, education is one of the keys to

success. Educating people about the importance of biodiversity
conservation increases public awareness of the issue. As public awareness
increases people become more involved and eventually influence their
government representatives, pushing for more environmental protection.
• The role of science and technology in conserving biodiversity
• As our society develops we continually use more resources, which stains natural biodiversity, but
development also leads to improved science and technology.
• We use science, and specifically ecology, to understand the web of interactions in our biomes. By
understanding these interactions scientists are able to pinpoint the key species in ecosystems. This
information is used to guide conservation efforts.
• It is also used to understand pollution and its cascading effects within an ecosystem. Bio-magnification
of toxins in a food chain can cause huge problems for top predators. This is an ever adapting field of
science and these two examples are just a few ways to implement the information it uncovers [10].
• Technology is becoming more and more important in conservation biology. Sustainable technologies,
like renewable energies, biodegradable packaging, and recycling, help reduce our impact on the
environment.
• Additionally, technologies like cloning give scientists the ability to bring back species that are already
considered extinct.
• Biodiversity in natural ecosystems is of the utmost importance. It helps provide the resources and
services that we rely on every day. The development and urbanization of humans poses a serious risk for
natural biodiversity. 
If nothing is done to reduce these changes, there
will be disastrous consequences. There are many
things we can do in politics, science, and even in our
daily lives to help fix these issues. As humans we
need to understand the risks associated with our
consuming lifestyles and work hard to fix what is
already damaged and prevent future harm.
THANK YOU