Evolution UNIT 1: MODULE 3 Francis Nathan Acosta IN THIS MODULE YOU ARE EXPECTED TO: 1.Relate species extinction to the failure of population of organism to adapt to abrupt changes in the environment and; -Explain the importance of biological diversity -Find out how changes in the environment can affect species extinction -Distinguish environmental changes that may result in the loss of the species 2.Make a multimedia presentation of an timeline of extinction of representative micro organism, plant and animals. POPULATION Is a group of living things within a certain area that are all of the same species Pertains to the number of organisms of the same species living in a certain place A population of one kind may affect a population of another kind within the community COMMUNITIES Several different populations may be found in the community Communities with many different species (A high index of diversity) will be able to withstand environmental changes better tan communities with only a few species (A low index of Diversity). WHAT HAPPENS TO COMMUNITY WHEN ITS SPECIES DIVERSITY IS REDUCED? The overall biodiversity loss can speed up extinction, more and more animals and plants are facing an uncertain future Loss of biodiversity undermines the ability of ecosystems to function effectively and efficiently. BIODIVERSITY Refers to the variety of life in the area Ex. Animals, plants, fungi, and bacterias This changes overtime as extinction occurs and new species evolve Examples
PLANTS ANIMALS FUNGI
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on earth, including humans. Without a wide range of animals, plants and micro organisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat It plays a major role in maintaining the balance of the earth, everything depends upon the biological diversity of different plants and animals. DENSITY Population can be of the same size, When we consider the number of individuals per unit area, we are referring to the density of the population DENSITY Differences in population density in any community may be attributed to many factors when: -New members move into the ecosystem -Members move out of the ecosystem and -Birth and Death rates in the ecosystem LIMITING FACTORS Anything that limits the size of a population like certain environmental condition This keep a population from increasing in size and help balance an ecosystem Examples
FOOD WATER LIGHT
Examples
TEMPERATURE SOIL NUTRIENTS LIVING NUTRIENTS
HOW ARE LIMITING FACTORS RELATED TO DENSITY? Density is a dependent limiting factor that causes a population’s per capita growth rate to change typically to drop with increasing population density. HOW ARE LIMITING FACTORS RELATED TO DENSITY? The numerous types of density dependent limiting factors include availability of food, predation, disease, and migration. But the predominant factor is the availability of food CARRYING CAPACITY Maximum population size an environment can support If the population size rises above the carrying capacity, organisms die because not all their needs can be met These are affected by changes in the environment ENDANGERED When a specie population become so low that only a few remain, the species are considered ENDANGERED and will possibly become extinct. Ex. Tamaraw in Mindoro, Mouse deer in Palawan, Philippine deer, Monkey-eating eagle, Dugong in negros, Batangas and Leyte are in danger of extinction. Examples
TAMARAW DUGONG MOUSE DEER
THREATENED There is a particular species that decline so fast that is becomes endangered and is said to be THREATENED. An endangered species is any species that is at risk of extinction because of a rapid decrease in its population or a loss of its critical habitat. Examples
KOALA RHINO TARSIER
EXTINCT Is the disappearance of a species when the last of its member die, changes to habitat can threaten organism with extinction As population of people increase, the impact of their growth and development is altering the face of the earth and pushing many other species to the brink of extinction Examples
SABER TOOTH DODO BIRD TASMANIAN
TIGER TIGER WHAT CAUSES SPECIES EXTINCTION? Habitat loss is the primary cause of higher extinction rates. Over exploitation of wildlife for commercial purposes, the introduction of harmful nonnative species, pollution, and the spread of diseases THANK You
