The document discusses hard disk drives including their components, types, measurements, interfaces, and file systems. It covers topics such as hard disk components, PATA and SATA interfaces, cabling, partitioning, formatting, and file systems used in Windows and Linux.
The document discusses hard disk drives including their components, types, measurements, interfaces, and file systems. It covers topics such as hard disk components, PATA and SATA interfaces, cabling, partitioning, formatting, and file systems used in Windows and Linux.
The document discusses hard disk drives including their components, types, measurements, interfaces, and file systems. It covers topics such as hard disk components, PATA and SATA interfaces, cabling, partitioning, formatting, and file systems used in Windows and Linux.
The document discusses hard disk drives including their components, types, measurements, interfaces, and file systems. It covers topics such as hard disk components, PATA and SATA interfaces, cabling, partitioning, formatting, and file systems used in Windows and Linux.
A hard disk drive (hard disk,hard drive,HDD) is a non-volatile storage device for digital data. It features one or more rotating rigid platters on a motor-driven spindle within a metal case. Data is encoded magnetically by read/write heads that float on a cushion of air above the platters. Hard Disk components
• Hard disks consist of one or more
magnetic disks contained in a box. Track: One of the many concentric circular strips around the medium on a disk. Cylinder: A set of one or more tracks on a rotating magnetic or optical storage device that can be read without moving the head. Sector: The smallest unit of data that a magnetic storage device can read or write to or from the medium. Hard disk measured • Capacity (GB) • Capacity (TB) • RPM(5400 or 7200)
Power cable Molex Data Cable Data cable Master/slave 2 device can be install 40pin/80pin(to protect crosstalk) Can’t hot swap Cable connection to IDE harddisk
interface, a parallel interface standard used by Apple Macintosh computers, PCs , and many UNIX systems for attaching peripheral devices to computers. Server Computer SCSI Chains Internal Devices
• Internal SCSI devices are installed inside
the PC and connect to the host adapter through the internal connector
SSD Advantages Reliability in portable environments and no noise No moving parts Faster start up Does not need spin up Extremely low read latency No seek time (25 us per page/4KB) Deterministic read performance The performance does not depends on the location of data RAID Technology
ybetty.com File system FAT (File Allocation Tables) FAT32 NTFS (New Technology File System) DOS/Windows File System
FAT The File Allocation Table (FAT) file system was initially developed for DOS Operating System and was later used and supported by all versions of Microsoft Windows. It was an evolution of Microsoft's earlier operating system MS-DOS and was the predominant File System in Windows versions like 95, 98, ME etc. All the latest versions of Windows still support FAT file system although it may not be popular. FAT had various versions like FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32. Successive versions of FAT were named after the number of bits in the table: 12, 16 and 32. Windows File System
NTFS NTFS or the NT File System was introduced with the Windows NT operating system. NTFS allows ACL-based permission control which was the most important feature missing in FAT File System. Later versions of Windows like Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, and Windows Vista also use NTFS. NTFS has several improvements over FAT such as security access control lists (ACL) and file system journaling. Linux File System
File System in Linux
Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk include the ext family (such as ext2 and ext3,ext4), XFS, JFS and ReiserFS. The ext3 or third extended file system is a journaled file system and is the default file system for many popular Linux distributions . It is an upgrade of its predecessor ext2 file system and among other things it has added the journouling feature. A journaling file system is a file system that logs changes to a journal (usually a circular log in a dedicated area) before committing them to the main file system. Such file systems are less likely to become corrupted in the event of power failure or system crash. "I have a 120 GB hard drive but Windows XP claims it's size is 111.8 GB. What has happened to the other 8.2 GB? " Hard drive manufacturers calculate hard disk size in 'base 10' notation while Windows does the calculation in 'base 2' (binary) format. Both the manufacturer and Windows are giving you the "correct" number. 1 Gigabyte as defined by a manufacturer is 1,000,000,000,000 Bytes. This makes sense in the metric base 10 sense as we define kilo as 1000, mega as 1,000,000 and giga as 1,000,000,000,000. Windows, however, calculates the disk size in a base 2 system. Base 2 does not convert into base 10 exactly in most cases but back in the day it was close enough so that a kilobyte was defined as 2^10 or 1024. 2^10 is 1024 is 1 kilobyte 2^20 is 1048576 or 1 megabyte 2^30 is 1073741824 or 1 gigabyte When the hard disk manufacturer sold you a 120 Gig hard drive, they were selling you 120,000,000,000 bytes. Windows divides this number by what it considers a GB (1073741824) and reports the hard disk size as:
120000000000 (bytes) / 1073741824 (bytes per GB)
= 111.8 GB Symptoms Error show Troubleshoot symptoms Firmware Corruption / Damage to the firmware zone Electronic Failure Mechanical Failure Logical Corruption Error show • No detect in bios • Not operate OS • Error sound tik-tik-tik • Bad sector • MBR failure • Delaying open file or folder Troubleshoot • Check in Bios • Cable (power + data) • First boot device (HDD) • Master /slave • Other pc replacement
