This document provides an overview of hypothesis testing and the different types of t-tests, including steps and examples. The key points are:
1. Hypothesis testing involves defining the null hypothesis, setting the significance level, identifying the appropriate test, performing calculations in SPSS, and making a conclusion.
2. The main t-tests covered are one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and unpaired t-test. Examples are provided to illustrate how to set up and conduct each test.
3. Key aspects like the null hypothesis, significance level, mean differences, t-values, and p-values are explained in the context of the examples. Decisions are made about rejecting
This document provides an overview of hypothesis testing and the different types of t-tests, including steps and examples. The key points are:
1. Hypothesis testing involves defining the null hypothesis, setting the significance level, identifying the appropriate test, performing calculations in SPSS, and making a conclusion.
2. The main t-tests covered are one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and unpaired t-test. Examples are provided to illustrate how to set up and conduct each test.
3. Key aspects like the null hypothesis, significance level, mean differences, t-values, and p-values are explained in the context of the examples. Decisions are made about rejecting
This document provides an overview of hypothesis testing and the different types of t-tests, including steps and examples. The key points are:
1. Hypothesis testing involves defining the null hypothesis, setting the significance level, identifying the appropriate test, performing calculations in SPSS, and making a conclusion.
2. The main t-tests covered are one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and unpaired t-test. Examples are provided to illustrate how to set up and conduct each test.
3. Key aspects like the null hypothesis, significance level, mean differences, t-values, and p-values are explained in the context of the examples. Decisions are made about rejecting
This document provides an overview of hypothesis testing and the different types of t-tests, including steps and examples. The key points are:
1. Hypothesis testing involves defining the null hypothesis, setting the significance level, identifying the appropriate test, performing calculations in SPSS, and making a conclusion.
2. The main t-tests covered are one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and unpaired t-test. Examples are provided to illustrate how to set up and conduct each test.
3. Key aspects like the null hypothesis, significance level, mean differences, t-values, and p-values are explained in the context of the examples. Decisions are made about rejecting
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FUNDAMENTALS OF
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS By: Saudi Daud Hypothesis Testing Steps: 1. Define Null Hypothesis (Ho) 2. Set the level of significance or Alpha (0.05 or 5%) 3. Identify the test to be used 4-5. SPSS 6. Make a decision or conclusion 1. Null Hypothesis (Ho) How to write Ho? • Goal • Subject • Measure Example: “There is no significant difference between the students’ performance in quiz 1 and quiz 2.” 2. Alpha • Alpha=0.05 (5%) or 0.01 (1%) 3. Identify the test to be used T-TEST (Test of Difference)
Single Score Vs. Constant
One-sample t-test (sample mean vs. population mean) Two sets of score from 1 group Paired t-test/Dependent sample t-test (e.g. Pre and Post test)
Two sets of score from two groups Unpaired t-test/Independent t-test
Three sets of score from 1 group Repeated ANOVA
Single score from 3 or more groups ANOVA Single Score from 3 or more groups Two-way ANOVA with at least two subgroup One-Sample T-Test -is a statistical hypothesis testing technique in which mean of a sample is tested or compared to a mean of the population.
Example: According to the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), Filipino households consist of an average of 4.2 people. However, a Barangay captain thinks it is lesser. So, his staff randomly selected a sample of households in their community and resulted the following family sizes:
5 4 5 4 4 3 6 4 3 3 5 6 3 3 3 7 4 5 4 2 3 3 At ɑ=0.01, is there enough evidence to support the Barangay captain’s claim? Solution: Steps: 1. Ho: “The average Filipino household and the randomly selected a sample of households in the community are the same.” 2. Alpha=0.01 or 1% 3. One-Sample T-Test 4-5. SPSS
Compa Mean re to Interpretatio IV DV Mean SD Differe T Value P Value Consta n nce nt
Fililp Fami ino Do not reject ly 4.05 1.253 4.2 -.155 -.579 .569 Hous Ho sizes ehold 6. Decision The average family size of a Filipino household should be 4.2 . But since T Value = -.579, and P Value = -.579, then there is no significant difference. So, Null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Hence, there is not enough evidence to support the Barangay captain’s claim. Paired T-Test (Dependent Sample T-Test) -is a statistical hypothesis testing technique that compares the means of two measurements or scores take from the same group.
Example: A researcher is planning to compare the Math mean scores of the students as shown below to see whether there is an improvement before and after a particular intervention with ɑ=0.05.
A-Pre Test B-Post Test Solution: Steps: 1. Ho: “The Math mean score of the students in pre-test and post-test after the intervention are similar.” 2. Alpha=0.05 or 5% 3. Paired or Dependent Sample T-Test 4-5. SPSS
Mean IV DV Mean SD Differen T Value P Value Interpretation ce
Pre- 63.00 Test Math Mean 2.215 4.8 -9.692 .000 Ho is rejected Score Post- 67.80 Test 6. Decision • There is a significant difference between the pre-test math mean score and post-test math mean score of the students; • Math mean score of the students in the post-test increase significantly; • The intervention program for the students is effective. Unpaired T-Test (Independent Sample T-Test) -is a statistical hypothesis testing technique that compares the means of the two independent or different groups of scores to determine if there is a significance between the two.
Example: A researcher is planning to compare the effectiveness of having test preparation course before taking Math exams. Determine which (with or without test preparation course) has the highest mean scores in Math and test its significance at 0.05 level.
With Preparation Without Preparation
91 59 53 98 69 55 63 79 61 58 52 69 59 36 45 65 72 83 58 82 76 61 65 60 80 56 75 61 57 57 87 66 69 58 84 77 60 57 60 71 70 76 45 63 76 59 Solution: Steps: 1. Ho: “There is no significant difference between the test scores of the students who have test preparation course and the students who did not have test preparation course.” 2. Alpha=0.05 or 5% 3. Unpaired or Independent Sample T-Test 4-5. SPSS
Mean IV DV Mean SD Differen T Value P Value Interpretation ce
Witho 64.85 13.114 ut PC Test Do not reject Score -2.504 -.667 .508 With the Ho s 67.35 11.948 PC 6. Decision • There is no significant difference between the pre-test math mean score and post-test math mean score of the students; • Students with test preparation course has the highest score mean • Having test preparation course is not influential QUIZ 1. Suppose a claim is made that the average number of days a person spends on vacation is more than or equal to 5 days. A sample of 16 people were asked and the following are the result:
6 8 9 5 4 10 7 8
5 7 6 9 8 5 6 9 2. A statistic teacher wants to compare his two classes if they performed any differently on the tests he gave that semester. At the alpha level of 0.5, test if there are significant difference between the two classes. Class A Class B 80 82 78 82 85 80 84 82 81 79 81 84 85 75 79 84 84 88 85 90 78 81 80 85 83 THANK YOU!
Analysis of Students' Misconceptions and Errors in Relation To Their Perceived Anxiety in Algebra: Basis For The Development of Remedial Instructional Materials
Analysis of Students' Misconceptions and Errors in Relation To Their Perceived Anxiety in Algebra: Basis For The Development of Remedial Instructional Materials
