PHYSICAL SCIENCE
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
OF ATTRACTION (IMFA)
Activity 1: “Word
Cryptogram”
DIRECTIONS
Unscramble the letters by placing the
sequence in the shaded boxes to find
the correct answer for each number.
Use the numbered boxes to complete
the answer to the riddle.
It is made up of one or more atoms.
L E C M O U L E
1 5 6
L E C M O U L E
M O L E C U L E
1 5 6
A covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming
the bond are unequally distributed.
O P A L R O D N B
3 9
O P A L R O D N B
P O L A R B O N D
3 9
A pair of valence electrons that are not shared with
another atom in a covalent bond
O N L E A P I R
2 14 8 16
O N L E A P I R
L O N E P A I R
2 14 8 16
A molecule that has no charge separation, so no
positive or negative poles are formed.
N A R O P O L N B D O N
7 12
N A R O P O L N B D O N
N O N P O L A R B O N D
7 12
It measures an atom's ability to attract shared electrons
to itself.
A C E G T R O T L I Y E I T E N V
11 15 4 10 17
A C E G T R O T L I Y E I T E N V
E L E C T R O N E G A T I V I T Y
11 15 4 10 17
It is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the
chemical properties of an element.
M A T O
13
M A T O
A T O M
13
RIDDLE:
It shows the three–dimensional arrangement of bonding
groups of atoms around a central atom.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
M C U L R E N E G Y L O M
3 9 11 15 4 10 17 7 12 13
1 5 6 O E A R
2 14 8 16
RIDDLE:
It shows the three–dimensional arrangement of bonding
groups of atoms around a central atom.
M O L E C U L AR G E O M E T R Y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Activity 2:
”PICTURE
ANALYSIS”
sand water mixture
Why do sand particles not dissolve
in water?
water
sand
sugar water mixture
Why do sugar particles
completely dissolve in water?
water oil mixture
Oil
Water
What causes the separation of the two liquids in the
mixture?
water vinegar mixture
Why do the two liquids (vinegar
and water) mix?
MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
Describe the general types of
intermolecular forces.
POLARITY, SOLUBILITY, AND
MISCIBILITY
SOLUBILITY
It is defined as the ability of a solid substance to be
dissolved in a given amount of solvent
SOLID DISSOLVES IN LIQUID = SOLUBLE
SOLID DOES NOT DISSOLVE IN LIQUID = INSOLUBLE
POLARITY, SOLUBILITY, AND
MISCIBILITY
MISCIBILITY
It is the ability of the two liquids to combine or mix
in all proportions, creating a homogenous mixture.
LIQUID DISSOLVES IN LIQUID = MISCIBLE
LIQUID DOES NOT DISSOLVE IN LIQUID = IMMISCIBLE
POLARITY, SOLUBILITY, AND
MISCIBILITY GENERAL RULE:
“Like dissolves like”
This means that polar substances will only be dissolved
or mixed with polar substances while nonpolar
substances will be soluble or miscible with another
nonpolar substance.
Activity 2: “Let’s
Try This!”
Water (H2O) and chloroform (CHCl3)
Immiscible
Benzene (C6H6) and chloroform (CHCl3)
Miscible
Water (H2O) and vinegar (CH3COOH)
Miscible
Acetone (C3H6O) and toluene (C6H5CH3)
Immiscible
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and water (H2O)
Immiscible
Miscible
Benzene (C6H6) and Both are nonpolar
chloroform (CHCl3) compounds
Water (H2O) and Both are polar
vinegar (CH3COOH) compounds
Immiscible
Acetone (C3H6O) and
toluene (C6H5CH3) Compounds
present in each
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mixture contain
and water (H2O) polar and
nonpolar.
Water (H2O) and
chloroform (CHCl3)
BOND STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS
Intramolecular Forces of Intermolecular Forces of
Attraction Attraction
Attractive force that binds Attractive force that exists
atoms together. between molecules.
TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
Ion – Dipole Strongest
Dipole - dipole
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole–induced dipole
London Forces of
Weakest
Attraction
Type of IMFA Interacting Substances Examples
Ion - dipole Ion (cation or anion) and a • NaCl dissolved in
polar molecule H2O
• Ca2+ and PCl3
Hydrogen Polar molecules containing • H2O
bonding H chemically bonded to a • NH3
small and highly • CH3OH
electronegative nonmetal
atom such as N, O, and F
Type of IMFA Interacting Substances Examples
Dipole – dipole Polar molecules • CH3F and H2S
Dipole –induced Polar and nonpolar • HI and CH4
dipole molecules
London Forces All substances and solely • O2
for nonpolar molecules and • N2
noble gases • He gas
• Br2
TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
Ion – Dipole Factors that Affect the
Strength of IMFA
Dipole - dipole
Boiling point
Hydrogen bonding Melting point
Surface tension
Dipole–induced dipole Viscosity
Vapor pressure
London Forces of Volatility
Attraction
BOILING POINT
Temperature at which the vapor pressure and
atmospheric pressure of a liquid substance are
equal.
MELTING POINT
The temperature at which a solid becomes liquid.
At this point, the solid and liquid phases exist in
equilibrium.
SURFACE TENSION
The energy needed to increase the surface area by
a unit amount.
VISCOSITY
The resistance of the liquid to flow
VAPOR PRESSURE
Pressure exerted by a substance in its gaseous state.
VOLATILITY
Measures the rate at which a substance vaporizes
(changes from liquid to gas)
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF
POLAR AND NONPOLAR MOLECULES
EXAMPLE
For each pair of molecules, identify the one with the
higher boiling point (BP), melting point (MP), viscosity
(V), surface tension (SF), and vapor pressure (VP). Tell
why.
METHANE
(CH4) CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4)
THANK YOU
