HISTORY OF

ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE
ALRUBA KHAN
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 2

Introduction
Islamic architecture can be defined as a building
tradition of Muslim populations of the Middle East
and any countries where Islam has been dominant
from the 7 th century on.
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 3

Types of Islamic
Architecture
◉ Mosque- Muslim center (place of worship)

◉ Madrasah- public school

◉ Hammam- A structural design for a hot bathhouse

◉ Caravanserai- A roadside inn for travelers

◉ Casbah- A fortress

◉ Mausoleum- A tomb or a monument

HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 4

Background
History
◉ The construction of the building started in 1356
AD By Sultan Hassan and finished in 1363, AD
by Basyir Aga, one of his prince.

◉ Historians believe the mosque used stone from

the pyramids of Giza.

◉ One of the Minarets collapsed during

construction, killing 300 people.
 Indo Islamic
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 5

Architecture
India Islamic architecture means architecture that is erected
with both Indian and Islamic architectural elements. Despite
an initial Arab presence in Sindh, the development of Indo-
Islamic architecture begin in earnest with the establishment
of Delhi as the capital of the Ghurids dynasty in 1193.
Succeeding the Ghurids Was the Delhi Sultanate, A series of
Central Asian dynasties that consolidated much of North
India, And later the Mughal Empire by the 15 th century. Both
of these dynasties introduced Persianate, Turkic, and
Islamicate Architecture and art styles from Western Eurasia
into the Indian subcontinent.
 Taj Mahal
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 6

◉ Taj Mahal was built in 22 years (1631- 1653) With the

orders of Shah Jahan, and it was dedicated to
Mumtaz Mahal (Argumand Banu Begum). The 14th
wife of Shah. Shahjahan’s real name Was Shahab-ud-
din, And he was known as Prince Khurram before
ascending to the throne in 1628.

◉ 20,000 workers labor and 32 crore rupees were spent

during the construction of the monument, and it was
built according to Islamic architecture, with the
influence of the Mughal style.

◉ Taj Mahal means the ‘palace of the Crown’ because

Taj means “ Crown” And Mahal means “Palace”
 HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 7

Taj Mahal’s Characteristics

◉ While the white domed marble mausoleum is its most familiar component, the Taj Mahal is actually an integrated
complex of structures.

◉ It is known that a large team of designers and craftsmen were responsible with Jahan himself taking an active
role. Ustad Ahmad Lahori is considered as the principal designer with help of Ustad Isa from Persia.

◉ Refined elegance is a conspicuous contrast, both to the Hindu architecture of pre-Islamic India, with its thick
walls, corbeled arcs, and heavy lentils. And to the Indo-Islamic styles, in which Hindu elements are combined with
an eclectic assortment of motifs from Persian and Turkish sources.

◉ The architectural designs used the interlocking Arabsque Concept, in which each element stands on its own and
perfectly integrates with the main structure. It uses the principles of self-replicating geometry and the symmetry
of architectural elements. The Mausoleum Is part of a vast complex comprising of a main gateway, an elaborate
garden, a mosque, (to the left), and A guest house (to the right). The Taj is at the furthest end of this complex, with
the river Jamuna behind it. The large Garden contains 4 reflecting pools, dividing it at the center.
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 8
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 9
 1 structure of
st
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 10

Islamic style
architecture
The important cut of complex in Delhi began under
Muhammad of Ghor, By 1199, and continued under
Qutub Al-Din Aibak and later sultans. The Quwat ul
Islam Mosque, Now a ruin, was the first structure.
Qutub was a fanatical Muslim. When his garrison
occupied Delhi under the command of Mohammed
Ghari in 1192, Quwat ul Islam Mosque, the “Glory of
Islam,” was hastily Erected by the young Amir, Who
conscripted an army of local craftsman, presumably
Hindus, to assemble the structure.
P R E S E N T AT I O N T I T L E 11

Features of
Mosque
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 12

Features of
Mosque
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 13

Features of
Mosque
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 14

Islamic Decorative
element
Geometric Pattern

These Patterns exemplify the Islamic interest in

repetition, balance, symmetry, and continuous
generation of patterns.

The integration of geometry with such optical

effects as the balancing of positive and negative
areas, a skillful use of color and tone values.
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 15

Islamic Decorative
element
Arabesque (Islimi)

Arabesque designs are biomorphic. Floral patterns

representing the underlying order and unity of
nature with a great deal of accuracy. Flowers and
trees might be used as motifs for the decoration of
textiles, objects, and buildings.
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 16

Islamic Decorative
element
Calligraphy

Like other Islamic decorations, calligraphy is

closely linked to geometry. The proportion of the
letters are all governed by mathematics.
Inscriptions are most often used as a frame along
and around the main elements of a building like
portals and cornices.
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 17
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ARCHIT ECTU RE 18
You define your own life.
Don’t let other people
write your script.
Orphan Winfrey
Thank you
Alruba Khan