Shams-ud-din Iltutmish made several important architectural contributions during his reign from 1211 to 1236 as the second ruler of the Slave Dynasty in Delhi. These included additions to the Ajmer mosque and Qutub mosque in Delhi, as well as constructing the first monumental tomb in India for his son at Sultan Ghari and his own tomb near the Qutub mosque. Both tombs featured innovations like squinches that helped transition dome construction over rectangular spaces.
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish made several important architectural contributions during his reign from 1211 to 1236 as the second ruler of the Slave Dynasty in Delhi. These included additions to the Ajmer mosque and Qutub mosque in Delhi, as well as constructing the first monumental tomb in India for his son at Sultan Ghari and his own tomb near the Qutub mosque. Both tombs featured innovations like squinches that helped transition dome construction over rectangular spaces.
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish made several important architectural contributions during his reign from 1211 to 1236 as the second ruler of the Slave Dynasty in Delhi. These included additions to the Ajmer mosque and Qutub mosque in Delhi, as well as constructing the first monumental tomb in India for his son at Sultan Ghari and his own tomb near the Qutub mosque. Both tombs featured innovations like squinches that helped transition dome construction over rectangular spaces.
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish made several important architectural contributions during his reign from 1211 to 1236 as the second ruler of the Slave Dynasty in Delhi. These included additions to the Ajmer mosque and Qutub mosque in Delhi, as well as constructing the first monumental tomb in India for his son at Sultan Ghari and his own tomb near the Qutub mosque. Both tombs featured innovations like squinches that helped transition dome construction over rectangular spaces.
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Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (Slave Dynasty)
•Was 2nd great building monarch of the slave dynasty
•His reign A.D. 1211 to 1236 •Four important work were recorded Addition to the Ajmer mosque Extension to Qutub-Ud-Din mosque at old Delhi Tomb of his son (1231), old Delhi His own tomb, old Delhi Comparision of facades of Ajmer mosque and Qutb mosque at Delhi 1st Contribution of Shams-ud-din Iltutmish- Addition to the Ajmer mosque • Inspired by his predecessor, Qutub-ud-din who made a similar addition to qutub mosque at Delhi 25yrs earlier, Shams-ud-din erected facade screen of Ajmer mosque) • Comparison of the two façade (Qutb mosque also known as Quwat –ul –islam mosque and Ajmer mosque) • At Ajmer there is no upper clear storey openings in façade as in case of Delhi mosque • At Ajmer, above the parapet over the main archway are fluted minarets, one on each side • Outlines of the main arches in the two structures differ, those at Ajmer are less curved, coming closer to four centered type( commonly referred to as Tudor gothic. This shape is most popular in Indo Islamic architecture • The smaller side arches at Ajmer mosque facade are multifoiled (probably derived from Arab sources) • A major difference is seen the character of treatment of the two facades is that,the floral, (free and flexible) decoration produced by the indigenous workmen at Delhi is replaced by stylized and mechanical order of Koranic inscriptions 2nd contribution of Shams-ud-din – Retention and addition of Qutb mosque
• It was not allowed in Islam to demolish and rebuilt the
mosque, hence he proceeded retaining the old structure and original Qutub mosque erected by Qutub-ud-din • He did this by enveloping it within a spacious courtyard and by extending the screen of arches on either side • The size of the mosque was practically double because Islamic population at Delhi had considerably increased. • Arch topology: the construction is corbelled type. The shape changes from ogee curve (s shape) to simple arc, equilateral arches, similar to pointed arch of Gothic style • Façade treatment: richly carved façade, less floral and more rigid 3rd contribution of Shams-ud-din: first example of monumental Tomb: the Sultan Ghari tomb • Erected by Shams-ud-din for his son Nasir-ud-din mohammed in A.D.1231 also known as ‘Sultan Ghari’ or ‘Sultan of caves’ • Three miles from Delhi • Walled enclosure, cenotaph is an underground chamber. The whole building is so designed so as to provide as retreat for minor ceremonials • The whole building is raised on high plinth • Entrance is through massive portal on eastern side • Exterior is built of grey granite with circular bastions projecting from 4 corners of enclosing wall • Within wallwd enclosure is a square courtyard of 66’ side in the center of which is an octagonal platform, forming the roof of tomb chamber below. The courtyard has aesthetic character • The central platform looks incomplete. Probably the central feature was designed to support a pavilion with pyramidal roof • There are two pillared arcade on the east and west side. The arcade on west side has central dome, containing a mihrab formed on both side. The whole is fronted by a colonnade of marble pillars • Dome of the ceiling is of Hindu origin • Well proportioned fluted pillars having bracket capitals which is of Hindu origin Sultan Ghari Tomb 4th contribution of Shams-ud-din: Iltutmish Tomb (own tomb) • Erected before 1235 A.D. • Situated outside the North- West angle of the extension of Qutub mosque done by him • It is a compact square structure of 42’ side with an entrance doorway from 3 sides. The western side is closed to accommodate a series of 3 minarets on its inner side • The exterior is relatively plain and unfinished only small quantity finely inscribed patterns and borders are concentrated around the pointed arches of the doorway • As contrast to the exterior, the interiors of the cubical hall (30’ side) are elaborately carved with Koranic inscriptions. Here the sandstone walls are relieved with insertions of white marbles. The mural decoration done with inscription is exceptionally fine • The construction technique employed for roof is interesting. The roof has fallen which was shallow dome consisting of concentric rings of masonry. Due to large span, unable of carrying its own weight, it collapsed • Squinch was used for 1st time in India in this building to solve the problem of providing a dome over a rectangular room. This is known as ‘Phase of Transition’ • Tomb of Iltutmish was last building under Indo Islamic architecture –Slave dynasty • Arches in the BALBAN DOME: were in power at Delhi A.D. 1266-1287, building at Qal-a-i-Rai Pithaura 1st time in India true archwas produced( using radiating voissoirs) • This was landmark in evolution intellectual gain advancement in structural practice • Square dome building 38’ in size has archway on each side • Delhi had gained reputation for wealth and influence, center of attraction gfor culture and learning, technical skills, craftsmen, scholarship, practical knowledge Sultan Iltutmish Tomb
