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Introduction To XHTML: Part 1 of 2

This document introduces XHTML, including: 1. The objectives are to identify important XHTML components and use tags to create web pages. 2. It discusses what XHTML is, why it's used as a web standard, the differences between XHTML and HTML, and basic XHTML syntax. 3. The document explains important XHTML concepts like elements needing to be properly nested, case-sensitivity of tags, and closing all elements.

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Dayana Kemesky
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51 views17 pages

Introduction To XHTML: Part 1 of 2

This document introduces XHTML, including: 1. The objectives are to identify important XHTML components and use tags to create web pages. 2. It discusses what XHTML is, why it's used as a web standard, the differences between XHTML and HTML, and basic XHTML syntax. 3. The document explains important XHTML concepts like elements needing to be properly nested, case-sensitivity of tags, and closing all elements.

Uploaded by

Dayana Kemesky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Chapter 2

Introduction to XHTML

Part 1 of 2
pejal71@gmail.com
Objectives

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to

► identify
important components of XHTML
document

► use XHTML tags to create web page

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Agenda
► Whatis XHTML?
► XHTML is a Web Standard
► Why XHTML?
► XHTML vs. HTML
► XHTML syntax (intro - part 1)

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What is XHTML?
► stands for EXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
► aimed to replace HTML
► almost identical to HTML 4.01
► stricter and cleaner version of HTML

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XHTML is a Web standard
► XHTML 1.0 became an official W3C
Recommendation on January 26, 2000
► the specification is stable
► has been reviewed by the W3C membership
► the specification is now a Web standard

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Why XHTML?

<html>
<head>
<title>This is bad HTML </title>
<body>
<h1>Bad HTML
</body>

► the code above works fine if you


view in a web browser , even it does not follow
the HTML rules

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… Why XHTML?
► we need a "well-formed" document. why?
– different browser technologies
– some browsers run on computers, some
browsers run on mobile phones and some on
palm pilots (do you know this?)
– problem in interpreting a "bad" markup
language

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Differences between XHTML & HTML?

► XHTML elements must be properly nested


► XHTML documents must be well-formed
► tag names must be in lowercase
► all XHTML elements must be closed

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XHTML Documents must be
properly nested
► inHTML, some elements can be improperly
nested within each other like this:

<b><i>This text is bold and italic </b></i>

► inXHTML, ALL elements must be properly


nested within each other like this:

<b><i>This text is bold and italic </i></b>

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XHTML Documents must be
well-formed
► must be nested within the <html> root element
► all other elements can have sub (children)
elements
► sub elements must be in pairs and correctly
nested within their parent elements.
► below is the basic document structure:

<html>
<head>. . . </head>
<body>. . . </body>
</html>

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Tag Names Must Be in Lower Case
► XHTML documents are XML applications
► XML is case-sensitive
► tags like <br> and <BR> are interpreted as
different tags

This is Wrong This is Correct


<BODY> <body>
<P>This is a <p>This is a
paragraph </P> paragraph</p>
</BODY> </body>

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ALL XHTML Elements
Must Be Closed
► non-empty elements must have an end tag
► empty elements must also be closed

This is Wrong This is Correct


<p>This is a <p>This is a
paragraph paragraph
</p>
This is a break <br> This is a break
<br />

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XHTML Basic Syntax
► an XHTML documents consists of 3 main parts
1. the DOCTYPE
2. the head
3. the body
► the basic document structure is:

<?xml . . . >
<!DOCTYPE . . . >
<html>
<head> <title>... </title> </head>
<body> ... </body>
</html>

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…XHTML Basic Syntax
► theDOCTYPE declaration should always be in the
second line after XML declaration.
► <html> tag is a must

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML
1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">

► an XHTML example (minimal)

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XHTML <!DOCTYPE>

the <!DOCTYPE> is mandatory. There are currently


3 XHTML document types:
► STRICT - when you want really clean markup, free of
presentational clutter. normally use this together with
Cascading Style Sheet(CSS)
► TRANSITIONAL - when you want to take advantage of
HTML's presentational features and when you want to
support browsers that don't understand CSS
► FRAMESET - when you want to use frames to partition
the browser window into two or more frames set

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More XHTML Tags:
► comment ► ... more tags in the
► header next class
► paragraph ► homework: write an

► break
XHTML document
about yourself. you
► horizontal bar can include your
► bold, italic, font photo, strengths,
► list weaknesses, email
► link address etc. save your
document as
► images
your_id.html
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Resources
► XHTML Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/default.asp
► The W3C Markup Validaton Service
http://validator.w3.org/

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