HTML and XHTML
Page 1 of 11
w3schools.com
THE WORLD'S LARGEST WEB DEVELOPER SITE
HTML
CSS
TUTORIALS
HTML and XHTML
Previous
Next Chapter
XHTML is HTML written as XML.
What Is XHTML?
XHTML
XHTML
XHTML
XHTML
XHTML
stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
is almost identical to HTML
is stricter than HTML
is HTML defined as an XML application
is supported by all major browsers
Why XHTML?
Many pages on the internet contain "bad" HTML.
This HTML code works fine in most browsers (even if it does not follow the HTML
rules):
<html>
<head>
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 2 of 11
<title>This is bad HTML</title>
<body>
<h1>Bad HTML
<p>This is a paragraph
</body>
Today's market consists of different browser technologies. Some browsers run on
computers, and some browsers run on mobile phones or other small devices.
Smaller devices often lack the resources or power to interpret "bad" markup.
XML is a markup language where documents must be marked up correctly (be
"well-formed").
If you want to study XML, please read our XML tutorial.
By combining the strengths of HTML and XML, XHTML was developed.
XHTML is HTML redesigned as XML.
The Most Important Differences from HTML:
Document Structure
XHTML DOCTYPE is mandatory
The xmlns attribute in <html> is mandatory
<html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> are mandatory
XHTML Elements
XHTML
XHTML
XHTML
XHTML
elements must be properly nested
elements must always be closed
elements must be in lowercase
documents must have one root element
XHTML Attributes
Attribute names must be in lower case
Attribute values must be quoted
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 3 of 11
Attribute minimization is forbidden
<!DOCTYPE ....> Is Mandatory
An XHTML document must have an XHTML DOCTYPE declaration.
A complete list of all the XHTML Doctypes is found in our HTML Tags Reference.
The <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> elements must also be present, and the
xmlns attribute in <html> must specify the xml namespace for the document.
This example shows an XHTML document with a minimum of required tags:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Title of document</title>
</head>
<body>
some content
</body>
</html>
XHTML Elements Must Be Properly Nested
In HTML, some elements can be improperly nested within each other, like this:
<b><i>This text is bold and italic</b></i>
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 4 of 11
In XHTML, all elements must be properly nested within each other, like this:
<b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b>
XHTML Elements Must Always Be Closed
This is wrong:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
This is correct:
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
Empty Elements Must Also Be Closed
This is wrong:
A break: <br>
A horizontal rule: <hr>
An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face">
This is correct:
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 5 of 11
A break: <br />
A horizontal rule: <hr />
An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face" />
XHTML Elements Must Be In Lower Case
This is wrong:
<BODY>
<P>This is a paragraph</P>
</BODY>
This is correct:
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
XHTML Attribute Names Must Be In Lower Case
This is wrong:
<table WIDTH="100%">
This is correct:
<table width="100%">
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 6 of 11
Attribute Values Must Be Quoted
This is wrong:
<table width=100%>
This is correct:
<table width="100%">
Attribute Minimization Is Forbidden
Wrong:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="car" checked />
Correct:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="car"
checked="checked" />
Wrong:
<input type="text" name="lastname" disabled />
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 7 of 11
Correct:
<input type="text" name="lastname" disabled="disabled" />
How to Convert from HTML to XHTML
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Add an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> to the first line of every page
Add an xmlns attribute to the html element of every page
Change all element names to lowercase
Close all empty elements
Change all attribute names to lowercase
Quote all attribute values
Validate XHTML With The W3C Validator
Put your web address in the box below:
http://www.w3schools.com/html/demo_xhtml.asp
Validate the page
Previous
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
Next Chapter
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 8 of 11
COLOR PICKER
LEARN MORE
HTML Cards
Google Maps
Animated Buttons
Modal Boxes
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 9 of 11
Modal Images
Tooltips
Loaders
Filter List
JS Animations
Progress Bars
Dropdowns
Slideshow
Side Navigation
Top Navigation
HTML Includes
SHARE
CERTIFICATES
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, jQuery, Bootstrap and XML.
Read More
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 10 of 11
REPORT ERROR
PRINT PAGE
FORUM
ABOUT
Top 10 Tutorials
HTML Tutorial
CSS Tutorial
JavaScript Tutorial
W3.CSS Tutorial
Bootstrap Tutorial
SQL Tutorial
PHP Tutorial
jQuery Tutorial
Angular Tutorial
XML Tutorial
Top 10 References
HTML Reference
CSS Reference
JavaScript Reference
W3.CSS Reference
Browser Statistics
PHP Reference
HTML Colors
HTML Character Sets
jQuery Reference
AngularJS Reference
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
HTML and XHTML
Page 11 of 11
Top 10 Examples
HTML Examples
CSS Examples
JavaScript Examples
W3.CSS Examples
HTML DOM Examples
PHP Examples
ASP Examples
jQuery Examples
Angular Examples
XML Examples
Web Certificates
HTML Certificate
HTML5 Certificate
CSS Certificate
JavaScript Certificate
jQuery Certificate
PHP Certificate
Bootstrap Certificate
XML Certificate
W3Schools is optimized for learning, testing, and training. Examples might be simplified to improve
reading and basic understanding. Tutorials, references, and examples are constantly reviewed to avoid
errors, but we cannot warrant full correctness of all content. While using this site, you agree to have
read and accepted our terms of use, cookie and privacy policy. Copyright 1999-2016 by Refsnes Data. All
Rights Reserved.
Powered by W3.CSS.
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_xhtml.asp
02-08-2016
