SPACE GROUP
FRAMES MEMBERS
1. APURVA
2. SHALINI
3. ISRA
4. DELIN
5. DEEKSHA
SPACE FRAMES
DEPTH- SPAN/40
TYPICAL
MAXIMUM
LENGTH- 100m
LOAD
DISTRIBUTI
ON
STRUCTURAL
BACKGROUN
D
MATERIA ADVANTAGES
L
USED-
STEEL
TIMBER
DISADVANTAG
ES
APPLICATIONS
Space frames are an increasingly common architectural technique especially for long roof
spans in modernist commercial and industrial buildings in which Sports stadium roof is one of
the widest applications of space frame.
Flat space frames have been typically used as a roof system.
BUILDINGS IN WHICH SPACE FRAMES ARE USED-
•Commercial and industrial buildings
•Auditoriums
•Airport hangers
•Toll booths
•Sport stadium
•Sky lights
•Mosque
•Lighting towers
•Warehouses
•Petrol pumps
•Canopies
•Exhibition hall
•Atrium
•Toll booths
•LPG bottling plants
EXAMPLES
1. It was the world’s first and largest-
span space-frame structure .
2. Officially known as the Hall of
nations and industries, the building
was made from concrete cast in-situ
and used a tessellating triangular
structure to form a capped pyramid.
2. LIC
BUILDING
BANK OF
CHINA TOWER
CH
VIERENDEEL GIRDER
VIERENDEEL
FRAME OR TRUSS
■ THE VIERENDEEL FRAME, or
truss is a series of rectangular
frames which achieves stability
by the rigid connection of the
vertical web members to the top
and bottom chord.
■ The Vierendeel's origin dates to
1896. The Belgian engineer
Arthur Vierendeel was the
founder of Vierendeel truss.
Vierendeel Trusses
A Vierendeel truss has vertical web members rigidly
connected to parallel top and bottom chords. The
top chord resists compression forces while the
bottom chord is stressed in tension, similar to a true
truss. However, because no diagonals are present,
the chords must also resist shear forces and bending
moments develop at the joints between the chords
and vertical web members. LOAD DISTRIBUTION
Vierendeel trusses are moment resisting.
Materials: steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed Vertical members near the supports are subject
concrete to the highest moments and therefore require
Span: short to medium larger sections to be used than those at mid-
span. Considerable bending moments must
therefore be transferred between the verticals
and the chords, which can result in expensive
stiffened details.
■ The Vierendeel frame or truss as it is more popular
but inappropriately called, is a series of rectangular
frames which achieves stability by the rigid
connection of the vertical web members to the top
and bottom chord.
■ The Vierendeel transfers shear from the chords by
bending moments at the joints and finally by
bending moments in the vertical webs.
■ • As a result, all members are combined stress
members in which axial, shear, and bending
stresses exist.
■ Such trusses do not have the usual triangular voids
seen in a pin-joint truss bridge, rather employing
rectangular openings and rigid connections in the
elements, which (unlike a conventional truss) must
also resist substantial bending forces.
■ The form is more commonly employed in building
structures where large shear walls or diagonal
elements would interfere with the building's
aesthetics or functionality.
ADVANTAGES
■ The two reinforced concrete cores, located on the east and
west sides of the building, are the only vertical load-
carrying elements of the tower that extend down to the
mat foundation; achieving one of the owner's objectives-a
column-free lobby.
■ The joints may be heavy, but the absence of diagonals
makes this form suitable for storey-height construction.
■ •Using standard computer programs, the analysis is not
difficult, However the system does allow full storey-
heightconstruction without obstruction to openings.
DISADVANTAGES
■ Vierendeel trusses are usually more expensive than
conventional trusses.
■ Their use limited to instances where diagonal web
members are either obtrusive or undesirable
■ but the resulting joints are often very heavy in appearance.
Vierendeel's may have various configurations,
including one-way and two-way spans.
• One-way planar Vierendeel girder
• One-way prismatic Vierendeel girder of triangular
cross-section
• One-way prismatic Vierendeel girder of square
cross-section
• Two-way Vierendeel space frame
• Three-way Vierendeel space frame
• Multi-story Vierendeel space frame
DECLINATION
• Decline Mishaps (cracks and dislocations), primarily due to
insufficient knowledge of the ramifications of welding procedures,
poor workmanship, and low steel quality, resulted in increasing
skepticism about the Vierendeel system.
A Belgian committee investigated and concluded that the welded
Vierendeel system was sensitive to external influences, such as
cooling, heating, vibration, or impact.
By reason of its inherent joint rigidity, the system also attracted
internal residual stresses and demanded an extensive knowledge
of the art of welding.
It was apparent that welding technology needed to catch up with
welding demand
The example of the application of the Vierendeel truss in the architectural world
here is shown the Pabellón-Puente project (2014), located in the Calamuchita
Valley (Córdoba, Argentina), a work by architects Joaquín Alarcia (1982) and
Federico Ferrer Deheza (1981),
Spanning 85 m2, the Pavilion is located in a eucalyptus forest by the Los Molinos
lake
With that purpose, a suspended pavilion in the shape of a bridge is perched
transversely on the canal, resting on both banks on top of two concrete walls
which define this architectural intervention and its scale.
Its location in this particular environment prioritizes the notion of visual pleasure,
which would have been seriously hindered had diagonal structures been included
on the windows
The structural problem was solved by the architect’s bureau using a (metal)
Vierendeel truss acting like the whole of the volume, as well as using supports on
both banks of the canal.
THANK YOU
