CHEMICAL
NAMES AND
FORMULAS
CHEMICAL
NOMENCLATURE
REVIEW
Sticky Note Atom Activity
Math Integration
Determination of the number
of protons, electrons, and
neutrons of an atom/ion
GAME
Given
the symbol, write the
name of the elements
Given
the name, write the
symbol of the elements
PHILOSOPHY INTEGRATION
Origin of Your Name
“You are your name. Your
name creates your personality,
thoughts, desires, attitudes,
like and dislikes, ideals, and
goals.”
Chemical Formula
-shorthand representation of compounds
using symbols and oxidation numbers
Types:
Empirical formula – simplest type of
formula; simplest ratio of atoms in a
compound
Molecular formula – shows the actual
number of atoms of each element in a
compound
Structural formula – shows the actual
number of atoms and the bonds between
them; arrangement of atoms in the
molecule
Determine the empirical
formula
P4O10
H2O
N2O4
C10H22
C6H18O3
PO43-
Nomenclature
phosphate ion
HC2H3O2
Acetic Acid
C2H3O2-
acetate ion
Common Names
A lot of chemicals have common
names as well as the proper
IUPAC name.
Chemicals
that should always be
named by common name and
never named by the IUPAC
method are:
H2O water, not dihydrogen monoxide
NH3 ammonia, not nitrogen trihydride
Common Names Chemical Names
Table salt sodium chloride
Table sugar sucrose
Muriatic acid hydrochloric acid
Vinegar acetic acid
Acetone 2-propanone
Agua oxigenada hydrogen peroxide
Chalk calcium carbonate
Rubbing alcohol isopropyl alcohol
Vitamin C ascorbic acid
Baking soda sodium bicarbonate
Definitions
An IONIC COMPOUND consists of a metal
cation bonded to a nonmetal anion.
Electrostatic attraction holds them
together.
A COVALENT COMPOUND consists of two
nonmetal atoms sharing valence electrons.
A BINARY compound is one that is made of
just two elements.
A TERNARY COMPOUND contains 3 or more
elements
A POLYATOMIC ION is made up of more
than one kind of atom
GROUP ACTIVITY
DiscoveryLearning
“Developing Patterns”
1. Look at a list of ionic formulas and
names
2. Develop the rules applied to name
them
Naming Compounds
Binary Ionic Compounds: Type 1
1. Cation first, then anion
2. Monatomic cation =
name of the element
Ca2+ = calcium
3. Monatomic anion =
root + -ide
Cl = chloride
CaCl2 = calcium chloride
Monatomic Ions
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds –
Type 1
Examples:
NaCl sodium chloride
ZnI2 zinc iodide
Al2O3 aluminum oxide
Name the following binary
ionic compounds:
Na3N sodium nitride
KBr Potassium bromide
Al2O3 Aluminum oxide
MgS Magnesium sulfide
Predicting Charges on Monatomic Ions
KNOW THESE !!!!
+1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0
Cd+2
Writing a Formula
Write the formula for the ionic compound
that will form between Barium2+ and
Chloride.
Solution:
1. Write the symbol for each element
2. Write the positive ion of metal first,
and the negative ion
Ba2+ Cl
3. Crisscross the subscripts
BaCl2
4. If needed, reduce the subscripts to
their lowest terms
Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic
Compounds – Type 1
Examples:
calcium chloride CaCl2
lithium nitride Li3N
barium oxide BaO
ANDROID GAME
WRITE FORMULA
Form possible compounds
Choose
the correct formula and
name of the compounds
Highestscorer will receive an
additional point
REFLECTION
a. Appreciate the significance of
knowing how to read and
write
b. Realize the significance of
symbols
GENERALIZATION
1. What is the difference between
empirical and molecular
formulas of compounds?
2. How do we name binary
ionic compounds?
3. How do we write chemical
formulas for binary ionic
compounds?
DRILL!
Na2O
CaO
MgF2
calcium nitride
aluminum sulfide
potassium bromide
barium fluoride
HOMEWORK
1. How do we name ternary,
binary covalent, acids, and
hydrates?
2. How do we write chemical
formulas for ternary, binary
covalent, acids, and hydrates?
I CAN DO IT!
Name the
following
compounds:
• K3N potassium nitride
• AgI silver iodide
• ZnBr2 zinc bromide
• Al2S3 aluminum sulfide
• Ba3P2 barium phosphide
• LiH Lithium hydride
Write the chemical formulas
for the following compounds:
potassium oxide K 2O
zinc chloride ZnCl2
silver sulfide Ag2S
aluminum nitride AlN
magnesium oxide MgO
calcium iodide CaI2
Transition Metals
Elements that can have more than
one possible charge MUST have a
Roman Numeral to indicate the
charge on the individual ion.
1+ or 2+ 2+ or 3+
Cu+, Cu2+ Fe2+, Fe3+
copper(I) ion iron(II) ion
copper (II) ion iron(III) ion
Type II Binary Ionic Compounds
Theseare ionic compounds where the
metal cation can form TWO different
charges.
Fe2+ iron (II) Fe3+ iron (III)
Ni2+ nickel (II) Ni3+ nickel (III)
Co2+ cobalt (II) Co3+ cobalt (III)
Cu+ copper (I) Cu2+ copper (II)
Au+ gold (I) Au3+ gold (III)
Sn2+ tin (II) Sn4+ tin (IV)
An older system uses suffixes and Latin
names, -ous for the lower charge, -ic
for the higher charge: Ferrous & Ferric,
Cuprous & Cupric, Stannous & Stannic
Examples of Older Names of Cations
formed from Transition Metals
Examples
FeBr2 ferrous bromide/iron (II) bromide
Fe2S3 ferric sulfide/iron (III) sulfide
PbS plumbous sulfide/lead (II) sulfide
SnCl4 stannic chloride/tin (IV) chloride
CoCl2 cobaltous chloride/cobalt (II) chloride
CuO cupric oxide/copper (II) oxide
Writing Chemical Formulas for
Binary Ionic Compounds Type II
auric chloride AuCl3
plumbic iodide PbI4
cobalt (III) fluoride CoF3
antimonous bromide SbBr3
nickel (II) sulfide NiS
Name the following binary
compounds with variable metal
ions:
FeBr2 ferrous bromide/iron (II) bromide
CuCl cuprous chloride/copper (I) chloride
SnO2 Stannic oxide/ tin (IV) oxide
Fe2O3 Ferric oxide/ iron (III) oxide
Hg2S Mercurous sulfide/mercury (I) sulfide
Exercises: Type II Binary Ionic
Compounds
Write the formulas: Write the names:
• iron (II) oxide • Fe2O3
• copper (II) chloride • SnS
• tin (IV) sulfide • NiBr2
• cupric nitride •CuS
• nickel (III) oxide • Pb3P2
• ferrous iodide • CuBr
•cobalt (III) selenide • FeCl3
Naming Ternary Compounds
Contains at least 3 elements
There MUST be at least one polyatomic
ion
Examples:
NaNO3 sodium nitrate
K2SO4 potassium sulfate
Al(HCO3)3 aluminum bicarbonate
or aluminum hydrogen carbonate
Polyatomic Ions
NO3-
nitrate ion
NO2-
nitrite ion
Writing Formulas
Write each ion, cation first. Don’t show
charges in the final formula.
Overallcharge must equal zero.
If charges cancel, just write symbols.
If not, use subscripts to balance charges.
Use parentheses to show more than one of
a particular polyatomic ion.
Use Roman numerals indicate the ion’s
charge when needed (stock system)
Sodium Sulfate
Na+ and SO4 -2
Na2SO4
Iron (III) hydroxide
Fe+3 and OH-
Fe(OH)3
Ammonium carbonate
NH4+ and CO3 –2
(NH4)2CO3
Learning Check
1. aluminum nitrate
a) AlNO3 b) Al(NO)3 c) Al(NO3)3
2. copper(II) nitrate
a) CuNO3 b) Cu(NO3)2 c) Cu2(NO3)
3. Iron (III) hydroxide
a) FeOH b) Fe3OH c) Fe(OH)3
4. Tin(IV) hydroxide
a) Sn(OH)4 b) Sn(OH)2 c) Sn4(OH)
Learning Check
Match each set with the correct name:
1. Na2CO3 a) magnesium sulfite
MgSO3 b) magnesium sulfate
MgSO4 c) sodium carbonate
2 .Ca(HCO3)2 a) calcium carbonate
CaCO3 b) calcium phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2 c) calcium bicarbonate
Mixed Practice!
Name the following:
1. Na2O
2. CaCO3
3. PbS2
4. Sn3N2
5. Cu3PO4
6. HgF2
Mixed Up… The Other Way
Write the formula:
1. copper (II) chlorate
2. calcium nitride
3. aluminum carbonate
4. potassium bromide
5. barium fluoride
6. cesium hydroxide
Naming Molecular Compounds
CO2 Carbon dioxide
All are
formed from
two or more
nonmetals.
CH4 methane BCl3
boron trichloride
Molecular (Covalent) Nomenclature
for two nonmetals
Prefix System (binary compounds)
1. Less electronegative atom
comes first.
2. Add prefixes to indicate # of
atoms. Omit mono- prefix on the
FIRST element.
3. Change the ending of the
second element to -ide.
Molecular Nomenclature
Prefixes
PREFIX NUMBER
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
Examples
CCl4
carbon tetrachloride
N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide
SF6
sulfur hexafluoride
Writing chemical formulas for
binary covalent compounds
boron trichloride
BCl3
dinitrogen pentoxide
N2O5
tetraphosphorus decoxide
P4O10
Name the following covalent
compounds.
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
phosphorus trichloride
PCl3
carbon tetrachloride
CCl4
trinitrogen dioxide
N3O2
Write the chemical formulas
for the following compounds:
chlorine pentafluoride ClF5
carbon tetrabromide CBr4
silicon dioxide SiO2
oxygen difluoride OF2
dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4
Naming Hydrates
A HYDRATE is a salt that has
water molecules trapped within
its crystals.
Every hydrate has a certain
number of water molecules
associated with each formula
unit of the ionic compound. The
number of water molecules is
indicated by using prefixes.
CuSO4 · 5 H 2O
copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
MgCO3 ·10 H2O
magnesium carbonate decahydrate
Name the following hydrates
MgSO4 · 7 H2O magnesium sulfate
heptahydrate
FeCl2 · H2O ferrous chloride monohydrate
K2SO4 · 18H2O potassium sulfate 18-hydrate
CuCO3 · 4H2O Cupric carbonate tetrahydrate
NaHPO4 · 2H2O
Sodium hydrogen phosphate
dihydrate
Write the formulas:
copper(II) fluoride CuF2.4H2O
tetrahydrate
Ca(NO3)2.3H2O
calcium nitrate trihydrate
BaCl2.2H2O
barium chloride dihydrate
ferric sulfate monohydrate Fe2(SO4)3.H2O
zinc carbonate hexahydrate ZnCO3.6H2O
Write the chemical formulas:
1. dinitrogen 6. iron (III)
monoxide sulfite
2. potassium 7. calcium
sulfite chlorite
3. copper (II) 8. barium
nitrate carbonate
4. dichlorine 9. iodine
heptoxide monochloride
5. chromium (III) 10.manganous
sulfate bicarbonate
11. auric sulfite dihydrate
12. platinum (IV) carbonate
tetrahydrate
13. calcium bicarbonate
hexahydrate
14. sodium nitrite monohydrate
15. antimonous chlorite 13-hydrate
Name the following compounds:
1. BaIO2 9. B2Cl4
2. P4S3 10. Pb(HSO4)4
3. Ca(OH)2 11. Na2SO4.5H2O
4. FeCO3 12. Li2CO3.8H2O
5. Na2Cr2O7
13. Cu(C2H3O2)2.7H2O
6. I2O5
14.Sn(HPO4)2.4H2O
7. Cu(ClO4)2
15. K2Cr2O7.H2O
8. CS2
Acid Nomenclature
Acids
Compounds that form H+ in water.
Formulas usually begin with ‘H’.
In order to be an acid instead of
a
gas, binary acids must be aqueous
(dissolved in water)
Ternary acids are ALL aqueous
Examples:
HCl – hydrochloric acid
(aq)
HNO3 – nitric acid
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid
Acid Nomenclature Review
Anion
Ending Acid Name
No Oxygen -ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid
-ate (stem)-ic acid
w/Oxygen
-ite (stem)-ous acid
An easy way to remember which goes with which…
“In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”
Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
A C ID S
s t a r t w i t h 'H '
2 e le m e n ts 3 e le m e n ts
h y d r o - p r e f ix n o h y d r o - p r e f ix
- ic e n d in g
- a te e n d in g - it e e n d in g
becom es becom es
- ic e n d in g - o u s e n d in g
Acid Nomenclature
• HBr (aq)
• H2CO
• 3 No oxygen, -ide hydrobromic acid
• H2SO3
• Has oxygen, -ate carbonic acid
• Has oxygen, -ite sulfurous acid
Acid Nomenclature
• hydrofluoric acid
• HF
• sulfuric acid
• H2SO4
• nitrous acid
• HNO2
Name ‘Em!
HI hydroiodic acid
(aq)
HCl hydrochloric acid
H2SO3 sulfurous acid
HNO3 nitric acid
HIO3 Iodic acid
Write the Formula!
hydrofluoric acid HF
nitrous acid HNO2
carbonic acid H2CO3
phosphoric acid H3PO4
hydrotelluric acid H2Te
Name the following compounds:
1. H4C 6. H2PbO2
2. HC2H3O2 7. Na2SO3.4H2O
3. H 3N 8. Li2CO3.7H2O
4. HClO 9. CuCrO4.6H2O
5. HMnO4 10. Sn3(BO3)2.5H2O
Write the chemical formulas:
1. hydrosulfuric 6. phosphorous acid
acid 7. iron (III) chlorite
2. oxalic acid dihydrate
3. dichromic acid 8. tin (II) hydroxide
4. hydrophosphoric octahydrate
acid 9. strontium carbonate
5. iodous acid decahydrate
10. aluminum acetate
14-hydrate
