Internet Applications

PHP Arrays, HTML Forms

Instructor: Ashok Singh Sairam

ashok@iitg.ac.in
PHP Arrays: Numerically indexed arrays (1)
• The keyword array is a constructor
• Integer indices starting from 0
PHP Arrays: Numerically indexed arrays (2)
• The keyword array is a constructor <?php
• Integer indices starting from 0 $words=array();
$words[]="Hello";
• Creating arrays
$words[]="World";
• Start from an empty array and add items
echo $words[1];
?>
Output: World
PHP Arrays: Numerically indexed arrays (3)
• The keyword array is a constructor
• Integer indices starting from 0
<?php
• Creating arrays
• Start from an empty array and add items $words=array(“hello”,”world”);
• Copy one array to the other using the “=“ $greet=$words;
?>
PHP Arrays: Numerically indexed arrays (4)
• The keyword array is a constructor <?php
$numbers = range(1,10);
• Integer indices starting from 0 ?>
• Creating arrays $numbers[0] is assigned 1,
• Start from an empty array and add items $numbers[1] is assigned 2,
• Copy one array to the other using the “=“ and so on
• Use the range() function to auto populate an array
PHP Arrays: Associative arrays
• In associative arrays, we associate a key (or index) with each value
key=>value
PHP Arrays: Associative arrays
• In associative arrays, we associate a key (or index) with each value
key=>value

<?php
$MA518=array("instructor"=>"Ashok","course name"=>"DBMS");
echo $MA518['course name'] ."\t". $MA518['instructor'], "\n";
?>
Output
DBMS Ashok
Dumping Arrays
• print_r(): shows information about a variable, good for debugging
Dumping Arrays
• print_r(): shows information about a variable, good for debugging
• Array values will presented as key and value.
 Dumping Arrays
• print_r(): shows information about a variable, good for debugging
• Array values will presented as key and value.

<?php Output
$MA518=array("instructor"=>"Ashok","course Array
name"=>"DBMS"); (
echo("<pre>\n"); [instructor] => Ashok
print_r($MA518); [course name] => DBMS
echo("</pre>"); )
?>
var_dump vs. print_r
• var_dump displays structured information about
variables/expressions including its type.
var_dump vs. print_r
• var_dump displays structured information about
variables/expressions including its type.

<?php Output
array(2) {
$MA518=array("instructor"=>"Ashok","course ["instructor"]=> string(5) "Ashok"
name"=>"DBMS"); ["course name"]=> string(4) "DBMS"
echo("<pre>\n"); }
var_dump($MA518);
echo("</pre>");
?>
Looping through an array
• Numerically indexed arrays: As the array is indexed by numbers we
can use a for loop
• Loop foreach: Iterate through each item of an array
• specially designed for arrays

MA 518: Database Management Systems 13

Looping through an array
• Numerically indexed arrays: As the array is indexed by numbers we
can use a for loop
• Loop foreach: Iterate through each item of an array
• specially designed for arrays
<?php <?php
$words=array("Hello","World"); $words=array("Hello","World");
for($i=0,$i<2,$i++) foreach ($words as $singleword)
echo $words[$i],"\n" ; echo $singleword,"\n" ;
?> ?>

MA 518: Database Management Systems 14

Looping through an Array (2)
• foreach loop in Associative arrays
• can iterate through each item as in case of numerically indexed arrays
• we can incorporate the keys as well, $key=>$value
 Looping through an Array (2)
• foreach loop in Associative arrays
• can iterate through each item as in case of numerically indexed arrays
• we can incorporate the keys as well, $key=>$value

<?php
header('Content-type: text/plain');
$MA518=array("instructor"=>"Ashok","cname"=>"DBMS"); Output
foreach($MA518 as $k => $val) { Key: instructor Value: Ashok
echo "Key: " , $k , " Value: " , $val , "\n"; Key: cname Value: DBMS
}
?>
Counted Loop
• count() – returns the number of items in the array
Counted Loop
• count() – returns the number of items in the array

<?php
header('Content-type: text/plain');
$MA518=array("Hello","World");
for($i=0; $i<count($MA518); $i++) {
echo "Index: " , $i , " Value: " , $MA518[$i] ,
"\n";
}
?>
Output
Index: 0 Value: Hello
Index: 1 Value: World
Arrays of Arrays
• Array student has two items, student and courses, which are arrays

<?php
header('Content-type: text/plain');
$student=array(
"address"=>array(
"name"=>"Tom","Roll"=>123), Output:
“courses"=>array( Roll no: 123
"cno"=>"MA518", Course Name: DBMS
"cname"=>"DBMS")
);
echo "Roll no: ", $student['address']['Roll'], "\n",
"Course Name: ", $student[‘courses']['cname'],"\n";
?>
Arrays of Arrays
• Array student has two items, student and courses, which are arrays

<?php
header('Content-type: text/plain');

$student=array(
Output:
"address"=>array( Roll no: 123
"name"=>"Tom","Roll"=>123), Course Name: DBMS
“courses"=>array(
"cno"=>"MA518",
"cname"=>"DBMS")
);
echo "Roll no: ", $student['address']['Roll'], "\n",
"Course Name: ", $student[‘courses']['cname'],"\n";
?>
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
• isset($ar[‘key’]): Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
• isset($ar[‘key’]): Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
• count($ar): Count the number of elements in the array
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
• isset($ar[‘key’]): Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
• count($ar): Count the number of elements in the array
• is_array($ar): Returns TRUE if variable ar is an array
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
• isset($ar[‘key’]): Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
• count($ar): Count the number of elements in the array
• is_array($ar): Returns TRUE if variable ar is an array
• sort($ar): Sorts the array values (losses keys)
<?php
$numbers = array(4, 6, 2, 22, 11);
sort($numbers);
?>
Output: 2, 4, 6, 11, 22
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
• isset($ar[‘key’]): Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
• count($ar): Count the number of elements in the array
• is_array($ar): Returns TRUE if variable ar is an array
• sort($ar): Sorts the array values (losses keys)
• ksort($ar): Sorts the array by keys
<?php
$age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37",
"Joe"=>"43");
ksort($age);
?>
Output: Ben, Joe, Peter
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
• isset($ar[‘key’]): Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
• count($ar): Count the number of elements in the array
• is_array($ar): Returns TRUE if variable ar is an array
• sort($ar): Sorts the array values (losses keys)
• ksort($ar): Sorts the array by keys
• asort($ar): Sorts the array by values, keep association
<?php
$age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37",
"Joe"=>"43");
asort($age);
?>
Output: 35, 37, 43
Array Functions
• array_key_exists($key,$ar): Returns TRUE if key is set in array ar
• isset($ar[‘key’]): Returns TRUE if key is set in the array
• count($ar): Count the number of elements in the array
• is_array($ar): Returns TRUE if variable ar is an array
• sort($ar): Sorts the array values (losses keys)
• ksort($ar): Sorts the array by keys
• asort($ar): Sorts the array by values, keep association
• shuffle($ar): Shuffles the array into random order
 Thank You

MA 518: Database Management Systems 29