Arrays
Numeric array - An array with a numeric index. Values are
stored and accessed in linear fashion.
Associative array - An array with strings as index. This
stores element values in association with key values rather
than in a strict linear index order.
Multidimensional array - An array containing one or
more arrays and values are accessed using multiple indices.
Numeric Array
<html> <body> /* Second method to create array.
<?php */
/* First method to create array. */ $num[0] = "one";
$numbers = array( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5); $num[1] = "two";
foreach( $numbers as $value ) $num[2] = "three";
{ foreach( $num as $value )
echo "Value is $value <br />"; { echo "Value is $value <br />";
} }
?>
</body> </html>
Associative array
/* First method to create array. */ /* Second method to create array.
$salaries = array( "Mohammad" => */
2000, "John" => 1000, "Kumar" $salaries['Mohammad'] = "high";
=> 500 ); $salaries['John'] = "medium";
echo "Salary of Mohammad is ". $salaries['Kumar'] = "low";
$salaries['Mohammad'] . "<br>"; echo "Salary of Mohammad is ".
echo "Salary of John is ". $salaries['Mohammad'] . "<br >";
$salaries['John']. "<br>"; echo "Salary of John is ".
echo "Salary of Kumar is ". $salaries['Kumar']. "<br>";
$salaries['Kumar']. "<br>";
Multidimensional Array
$marks = array( "mohammad" => array ( "physics" => 35, "maths"
=> 30, "chemistry" => 39 ), "john" => array ( 10,20,30 ),
"kumar" => array ( "physics" => 31, "maths" => 22, "chemistry" =>
39 ) );
/* Accessing multi-dimensional array values */
echo "Marks for mohammad in physics : " ;
echo $marks['mohammad']['physics'] . "<br />";
echo "Marks for john in maths : ";
echo $marks['john'][1] . "<br />"; //numerical array
echo "Marks for kumar in chemistry : " ;
echo $marks['kumar']['chemistry'] ; //associative array
Multidimensional arrays
$Student = array (
"0"=> array ("name"=>"James", "sex"=>"Male",
"age"=>"28"),
"1"=> array ("name"=>"John", "sex"=>"Male",
"age"=>"25"),
"2"=> array ("name"=>"Susan", "sex"=>"Female",
"age"=>"24"));
$student[“1"][“name"] – returns John
Array Operators
$x = array("a" => "red", "b" => "green");
$y = array("c" => "blue", "d" => "yellow");
$z = $x + $y; // union of $x and $y
$z red,green,blue,yellow
$x == $y false
$x === $y false
$x != $y true
$x <> $y true
$x !== $y true
foreach
The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is used to loop
through each key/value pair in an array.
<?php
$colors = array("red","green","blue","yellow");
foreach ($colors as $value) {
echo "$value <br>"; red
} green
blue
?> yellow
Array Functions
Array(key=>value) – Creates an array with keys and
values
E.g.:
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Dog","b"=>"Cat","c"=>"Horse");
print_r($a);
?>
Output:
Array ( [a] => Dog [b] => Cat [c] => Horse )
Array Functions
array_chunk(array,size,preserve_key ) - splits an array
into chunks of new arrays
E.g.: 1
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Cat","b"=>"Dog","c"=>"Horse","d"=>"
Cow");
print_r(array_chunk($a,2));
?>
Output:
Array (
[0] => Array ( [0] => Cat [1] => Dog )
[1] => Array ( [0] => Horse [1] => Cow )
)
Array Functions
E.g.: 2
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Cat","b"=>"Dog","c"=>"Horse","d"=>"
Cow");
print_r(array_chunk($a,2,true));
?>
Output:
Array (
[0] => Array ( [a] => Cat [b] => Dog )
[1] => Array ( [c] => Horse [d] => Cow )
)
Array Functions
array_combine(array1,array2) creates an array by combining
two other arrays, where the first array is the keys, and the other array
is the values.
E.g.:
<?php
Output:
$a1=array("a","b","c","d"); Array ( [a] => Cat [b] => Dog [c] =>
$a2=array("Cat","Dog","Horse","Cow"); Horse [d] => Cow )
print_r(array_combine($a1,$a2));
?>
Array Functions
array_count_values(array) returns an array, where the keys
are the original array's values, and the values is the number of
occurrences.
E.g:
<?php
Output:
$a=array("Cat","Dog","Horse","Dog"); Array ( [Cat] => 1 [Dog] => 2 [Horse] =>
print_r(array_count_values($a)); 1)
?>
Array Functions
array_diff(arr1,arr2,…) function compares two or more
arrays, and returns an array with the keys and values from the
first array, only if the value is not present in any of the other
arrays.
E.g:
<?php Output:
$a1=array(0=>"Cat",1=>"Dog",2=>"Horse");
$a2=array(3=>"Horse",4=>"Dog",5=>"Fish"); Array ( [0] => Cat )
print_r(array_diff($a1,$a2));
?>
Array Functions
The array_diff_assoc(arr1, arr2,…) function compares two or
more arrays, and returns an array with the keys and values from
the first array, only if they are not present in any of the other
arrays.
E.g:
<?php
$a1=array(0=>"Cat",1=>"Dog";,2=>"Horse");
Output:
$a2=array(0=>"Rat",1=>"Horse";,2=>"Dog"); Array ( [0] => Cat [2] => Horse
$a3=array(0=>"Horse",1=>"Dog",2=>"Cat"); )
print_r(array_diff_assoc($a1,$a2,$a3));
?>
Array Functions
array_fill(start,number,value ) function returns an array filled
with the values you describe
E.g:
<?php
Output:
$a=array_fill(2,3,"Dog"); Array ( [2] => Dog [3] => Dog
print_r($a); [4] => Dog )
?>
Array Functions
The array_flip(array ) function returns an array with all the
original keys as values, and all original values as keys.
E.g:
<?php
Output:
$a=array(0=>"Dog",1=>"Cat",2=>"Horse"); Array ( [Dog] => 0 [Cat] => 1
print_r(array_flip($a)); [Horse] => 2 )
?>
Array Functions
The array_key_exists(key,arr ) function checks an array for a
specified key, and returns true if the key exists and false is the
key does not exist.
E.g:
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Dog","b"=>"Cat");
Output:
if (array_key_exists("a",$a))
echo "Key exists!"; Key exists!
else
echo "Key does not exist!";
?>
Array Functions
The array_merge(array1,array2,array3...) function merges
one ore more arrays into one array.
E.g:
<?php
Output:
$a1=array("a"=>"Horse","b"=>"Dog"); Array ( [a] => Horse [b] => Dog [c]
$a2=array("c"=>"Cow",“d"=>"Cat"); => Cow [d]=>Cat )
print_r(array_merge($a1,$a2));
?>
Array Functions
E.g:
<?php
$a=array(3=>"Horse",4=>"Dog");
print_r(array_merge($a));
?>
Output:
Array ( [0] => Horse [1] => Dog )
Array Functions
E.g:
<?php
$a1=array("Dog","Dog","Cat");
$a2=array("Pluto","Fido");
array_multisort($a1,SORT_ASC,$a2,SORT_DESC); print_r($a1);
print_r($a2);
?>
Output:
Array ( [0] => Cat [1] => Dog [2] => Dog )
Array ( [0] => Pluto [1] => Fido )
Array Functions
The array_pop(array) function deletes the last element of an array.
array_shift(array) – removes an element at the beginning of the array
E.g:
<?php
$a=array("Dog","Cat","Horse");
Output:
array_pop($a); Array ( [0] => Dog [1] => Cat )
print_r($a); Array ( [0] => Cat )
array_shift($a);
print_r($a);
?>
Array Functions
The array_push(array,value1,value2...) function inserts one or more
elements to the end of an array. array_unshift(array) – inserts an element
at the beginning of the array
E.g:
<?php
$a=array("Dog","Cat");
array_push($a,"Horse","Bird");
Print_r($a);
Output:
array_unshift($a, “fish”); Array ( [0] => Dog [1] => Cat [2] => Horse [3] => Bird )
Array ( [0] => fish [1]=>Dog [2] => Cat [3] => Horse [4] => Bird
print_r($a);
)
?>
Array Functions
Output ????????
E.g:
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Dog","b"=>"Cat"); Output:
array_push($a,"Horse","Bird");
print_r($a); Array ( [a] => Dog [b] => Cat [0] =>
?> Horse [1] => Bird )
Array Functions
array_rand(array,num) function returns a random key from an array, or it
returns an array of random keys if you specify that the function should return more
than one key.
E.g:
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Dog","b"=>"Cat","c"=>"Hors Output:
e");
print_r(array_rand($a,1)); b
?>
Array Functions
The array_reverse(array,preserve) function returns an array in the
reverse order.
E.g:
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Dog","b"=>"Cat","c"=>"Hors Output:
e");
print_r(array_reverse($a)); Array ( [c] => Horse [b] => Cat [a] =>
?> Dog )
Array Functions
The array_search(value,array,strict ) function search an array for a value
and returns the key.
E.g:
<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Dog","b"=>"Cat","c"=>"Hors Output:
e");
echo array_search("Dog",$a); a
?>
Array Functions
The array_slice(array, start, length, preserve) function returns
selected parts of an array.
E.g:
<?php
$a=array(0=>"Dog",1=>"Cat",2=>"Horse",3= Output:
>"Bird");
print_r(array_slice($a,1,2)); Array ( [0] => Cat [1] => Horse )
?>
Array Functions
The array_splice(array,start,length,array) function removes selected
elements from an array and replaces it with new elements. The function also returns
an array with the removed elements.
E.g:
<?php
$a1=array(0=>"Dog",1=>"Cat",2=>"Horse",3
=>"Bird"); Output:
$a2=array(0=>"Tiger",1=>"Lion");
array_splice($a1,0,2,$a2); Array ( [0] => Tiger [1] => Lion [2] =>
print_r($a1); Horse [3] => Bird )
?>
Array Functions
The array_sum(array) function returns the sum of all the values in the array.
E.g:
<?php
$a=array(0=>"5",1=>"15",2=>"25"); Output:
echo array_sum($a);
?> 45
Sorting
sort() - sort arrays in ascending order
rsort() - sort arrays in descending order
asort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the
value
ksort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the
key
arsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to
the value
krsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to
the key
Sorting arrays -example
Sort
$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
sort($cars);
$clength = count($cars);
for($x = 0; $x < $clength; $x++) {
echo $cars[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
Sort numbers
$numbers = array(4, 6, 2, 22, 11);
sort($numbers);
$arrlength = count($numbers);
for($x = 0; $x < $arrlength; $x++) {
echo $numbers[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
Array Functions
The arsort(array,sorttype) function sorts an array by the values in reverse
order.The values keep their original keys.
E.g:
<?php Output:
$my_array = array("a" => "Dog", "b" => "Cat", Array
"c" => "Horse"); (
arsort($my_array); [c] => Horse
print_r($my_array); [a] => Dog
?> [b] => Cat
)
Array Functions
The asort(array,sorttype) function sorts an array by the values. The values
keep their original keys
E.g:
<?php Output:
$my_array = array("a" => "Dog", "b" => "Cat", Array
"c" => "Horse"); (
asort($my_array); [b] => Cat
print_r($my_array); [a] => Dog
?> [c] => Horse
)
Array Functions
The krsort(array,sorttype) function sorts an array by the keys in reverse
order.The values keep their original keys.
E.g:
<?php Output:
$my_array = array("a" => "Dog", "b" => "Cat", Array
"c" => "Horse"); (
krsort($my_array); [c] => Horse
print_r($my_array); [b] => Cat
?> [a] => Dog
)
Array Functions
The ksort(array,sorttype) function sorts an array by the keys. The values keep
their original keys.
E.g:
<?php Output:
$my_array = array("a" => "Dog", "b" => "Cat", Array
"c" => "Horse"); (
ksort($my_array); [a] => Dog
print_r($my_array); [b] => Cat
?> [c] => Horse
)
Array Functions
The rsort(array,sorttype) function sorts an array by the values in
reverse order. This function assigns new keys for the elements in the array. Existing
keys will be removed. This function returns TRUE on success, or FALSE on failure.
E.g:
<?php Output:
$my_array = array("a" => "Dog", "b" => "Cat", Array
"c" => "Horse"); (
rsort($my_array); [0] => Horse
print_r($my_array); [1] => Dog
?> [2] => Cat
)
Array Functions
The sort(array,sorttype) function sorts an array by the values. This function
assigns new keys for the elements in the array. Existing keys will be removed. This
function returns TRUE on success, or FALSE on failure
E.g:
<?php Output:
$my_array = array("a" => "Dog", "b" => "Cat", Array
"c" => "Horse"); (
sort($my_array); [0] => Cat
print_r($my_array); [1] => Dog
?> [2] => Horse
)
Array Functions
array_multisort(array1, sortingorder, sorting type,
array2, array3 ) returns a sorted array. You can assign one or
more arrays.
E.g:
<?php
$a1=array(“Dog","Cat");
Output:
$a2=array(“salo",“fido"); Array ( [0] => Cat [1] => Dog )
array_multisort($a1,$a2); Array ( [0] => fido [1] => salo )
print_r($a1);
print_r($a2);
?>
Array Functions
Other Array Functions:
Array array_range(low,high,step) – Populates the array from low value to high
value with the interval of step.
boolean is_array(variable name) – Used to check for an array
Array array_keys(arrayname) – retrieves keys from the array.
Array array_values(array) – retrieves values
int count(arrayname[,mode]) – counts values in an array. Mode – 1 counts
recursively (ie for 2dim array)
sizeof – alias of count.
Array Constants
CASE_LOWER
CASE_UPPER
SORT_ASC
SORT_DESC
SORT_REGULAR
SORT_NUMERIC
SORT_STRING
SORT_LOCALE_STRING
COUNT_NORMAL
COUNT_RECURSIVE
