Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
MPU3322 YOUTH
DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO
YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS YOUTH DEVELOPMENT? Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
• Youth Development means growing and developing the skills and connections
young people need to take part in society and reach their potential
• Youth Development is a process that prepare young person to meet the
challenges of adolescence and adulthood and achieve his or her full potential
• Youth Development is the process of growing up and developing one’s
capacities in positive ways.
• Youth Development promoted through activities and experiences that help
youth develop social, ethical, emotional, physical, and cognitive competencies
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1. Sense of Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
contributing (MPU) Subject
something of 2. Feeling the
value to society connectedness to others
and to society
Youth Development
is about young
people gaining
a……
4. Feeling of being 3. Belief that they
positive and have choices about
comfortable with their future
their own identity 3
Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
family
School, training
It’s about building institutions and
strong connections and workplaces
active involvement in
all areas of life
including:
Communities (sports,
church, cultural groups)
Peer groups
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Provide support Have positive family
communication
Are involved in their
adolescent’s school
Expect their
adolescent to do
Spend time
well FAMILY PROMOTE together
HEALTHY YOUTH
DEVELOPMENT
WHEN THEY…
Have clear rules and
Provide positive, responsible consequences and monitor
role models for other adults, their adolescent’s
adolescents and siblings whereabouts
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Matapelajaran Pengajian
Umum (MPU) Subject
Expect commitment
from youth
Expect youth to do
well
Having a caring
school climate
Schools promote healthy youth
development when they….
Provide positive,
Have clear rules and
responsible adult role
consequences
models 6
Matapelajaran Pengajian
Umum (MPU) Subject
Adults advocate/
support for youth
Communities Neighbours monitor
promote healthy youths’ behaviour
youth development
when……
Adults model
positive, responsible
and healthy
behaviour
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU
Subject
THE PRINCIPLES OF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT
The principles outline what the youth development approach is all about
They can be used as a checklist and a tool for developing youth policies
and programmes and in working alongside young people
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The Youth Development is The Youth Development is
shaped by the ‘big picture’ about young people being Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum (MPU)
connected Subject
The Youth Development is
based on a consistent
strengths-based approach
The principles of Youth The Youth Development
Development happens through quality
relationships
The Youth Development is
triggered when young people
The Youth Development is fully participate
needs good information
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
1. YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IS SHAPED BY THE ‘BIG PICTURE’
The ‘big picture’ means: The values and beliefs systems; the social,
cultural, economic contexts and trends
2. YOUTH DEVELOPMENT HAPPENS THROUGH QUALITY
RELATIONSHIPS
It is important that everyone is supported and equipped to have
successful, quality relationship with young people
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
3. YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IS BASED ON A CONSISTENT
STRENGTHS-BASED APPROACH
They are risk factors that can affect the healthy development of young
people and there are also factors that are protective
‘Strengths- based’ policies and programmes will build on young people’s
capacity to resist risk factors and enhance the protective factors in their
lives
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
4. YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IS ABOUT YOUNG PEOPLE BEING
CONNECTED
Healthy development depends on young people having positive
connections with others in society
This includes their family, their community, their school, training
insitutions or workplace and their peers
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
5. YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IS TRIGGERED WHEN YOUNG PEOPLE
FULLY PARTICIPATE
Young people need to be given opportunities to have greater control over
what happens to them, through seeking their advice, participation and
engagement
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
6. YOUTH DEVELOPMENT NEEDS GOOD INFORMATION
Effective research, evaluation, information gathering and sharing is
crucial
Together, these six principles can help young people to gain a:
Sense of contributing something of value to society
Feeling of connectedness to others and to society
Belief that they have choices about their future
Feeling of being positive and comfortable with their own identity
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MALAYSIA NATIONAL YOUTH DEVELOPMENT Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
POLICY (MPU) Subject
• In the 8th Malaysia plan, the government has continued its focus on youth
development as it appreciated the role youths play, and their contribution to
national development
• Status of Young:Young people between the age range of 15 – 40 assume the
status of youth. Nevertheless, the main focus of youth development
programmes and activities involve young people from 18 – 25 year of age.
• Objective: To establish a holistic and harmonious Malaysian youth force
imbued with strong sprititual and moral values, who are responsible,
independent and patriotic thus serving as a stimulus to the development and
prosperity of the nation in consonance with the vision 2020.
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
• Strategies: In order to realise the National Youth Development Policy, the
following strategies will be implemented:-
Knowledge Development: Efforts will be geared towards enhancing
the knowledge base in various subjects, hence functioning as a
foundation for the competence of youth.
Attitudinal Development: As a response and future challenges, effort
will focus on the inculcation of moral values and the development of a
positive and creative attitude.
Vocational and Entrepreneurial Development: To equip youth with
state-of-art technical knowledge and vocational skills, as well as
involving them in entrepreneurial activities in line with the demands of
nation-building. 16
Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
Inculcation of a Healthy Lifestyle:Youths are encouraged to engage in social
an voluntary activities that lead to a healthy, active and dynamic lifestyle. This
lifestyle will nurture our youth into responsible leaders of high caliber.
Facilities for Social Interaction: To upgrade relevant facilities that contribute
towards promoting healthy interactions and social activities amongst youth and
communities.
Partnership in Development: To utilise partnership and co-operation amongst
governmental agencies, NGOs and the private sector for the benefit of youth
development.
International Relations and Networking: To encourage youth to further
promote closer ties and international networking with international
communities.
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
• PLAN OF ACTION: The following of action will be used to achieve the
National Youth Development Policy:-
To provide knowledge-based training programmes jointly organized by
public agencies, youth organizations, NGOs and the private sector.
To strengthen leadership and self development programmes that can
further develop self-resilience, familial, religious and social institutions;
thus enhancing the efficiency of rules played by our youth.
To upgrade skills developments training and create entrepreneurial and
commercial opportunities that will propel youth to be independent,
competent and capable of pursuing successful careers.
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
To empower youth organizations so that they capture the interest, commitment
and enthusiasm of young people and activities planned by the society.
To provide opportunities and facilities for the self-development of the young
people in social and economic functions.
To enhance the spirit of volunteerism and patriotism through social, welfare and
voluntary works.
To ensure the understanding of youth in matters of globalization, the importance
of partnership with governments agencies, NGOs, the private sector and
international networking.
To provide the necessary infrastructure and mechanism for youth activities
relating to research, assessment and evaluation.
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
Positive Youth Development
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
What is Positive Youth
Development?
Positive youth development (PYD) is an approach that guides
communities in the way they organize services, supports, and
opportunities so all young people can develop to their full potential
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
What are the Underlying Principles?
There are several key, research-based principles:
Focus on positive outcomes
Youth voice and engagement
Long-term, developmentally appropriate involvement
Universal and inclusive
Community-based collaborative
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
Focus on Positive Outcomes
Shift from preventing or fixing problems to creating positive
outcomes such as competencies, connections, positive values,
and meaningful participation
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
Youth Voice and Engagement
Work with youth, not for youth. Engage young people as
partners and listen to their expertise and perspective
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
Long-term involvement
Support young people through their development
while adjusting to their changing developmental
needs. Twelve year olds need different support
than sixteen year olds
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Universal and Inclusive Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
As a community we need to provide support and
opportunities to all young people, not just the “high risk”,
targeted groups, or the high achieving groups
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Community-Based Collaboration
For positive youth development to succeed, non-traditional
community sectors such as businesses, faith communities, or
civic organizations need to be involved
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Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
The Positive Youth Development
Shift
Positive youth development changes how we look at and provide
youth services
Move from fixing problems to building on strengths
Instead of reacting to problems we are pro-active to build positive
outcomes
Youth are no longer recipients of service and become resources and
active participants
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Strength-Based Approach Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
A strength-based approach is a powerful set of ideas,
assumptions, and techniques:
People are active in the helping process
All people have strengths
Strengths foster motivation for growth
Strengths are internal and environmental
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Features of Positive Development
Settings Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
Successful youth development includes:
Physical and psychological safety
Supportive relationships
Opportunities to belong
Positive social norms
Opportunities for skill building
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UNDERSTANDING POSITIVE YOUTH
DEVELOPMENT Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
1. Positive Youth Development is both a philosophy and an
approach to adolescent development.
2. Positive Youth Development engages youth along with their
families, communities and/or governments so that youth are
empowered to reach their full potential. This approach builds
skills, assets and competencies; foster healthy relationships;
strengthen the environment; and transform systems
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ASSETS: training, formal
education, interpersonal
skills (social and AGENCY: positive Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
communication skills), identity, self-efficacy, (MPU) Subject
higher thinking skills, ability to plan ahead/
recognizing emotions, Goal-setting,
self-control, academic perseverance
achievements (diligence), positive
beliefs about future
HEALTHY,
PRODUCTIVE
AND
ENGAGED ENABLING
YOUTH ENVIRONMENT: Bonding,
opportunities for prosocial
involvement, support,
prosocial norms, value&
recognition, youth-
CONTRIBUTIONS: Youth
responsive services, physical
engagement and psychological safety
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Conclusion Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
Positive Youth Development is both a philosophy and an
approach to adolescent development. Positive Youth
Development engages youth along with their families,
communities and/or governments so that youth are
empowered to reach their full potential. This approach
builds skills, assets and competencies; foster healthy
relationships; strengthen the environment; and transform
systems
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REFERENCES Matapelajaran Pengajian Umum
(MPU) Subject
1. Cohen, D. H., Stern, V., Balaban, N., and Gropper, N.
Observing and recording the behaviour of young children.
New York. NY: Teachers’ College Press, Teachers College,
Columbia University. 2015
2. Youth Development & Youth Leadership. A Background
Paper. Edelman, Andrea; Gill, Patricia; Comerford, Katey;
Larson, Mindy; Hare, Rebecca. 2004.
3. Kaveri Subramaniam, David Shamel, (2011) Digital Youth:
The Role Of Media In Development, New York: Spronger-
Verlag. 2011.
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