Environmental Studies-II
Municipal Solid Waste
MSW
Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes
generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid
form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-
medical wastes
MSW
Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes
generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid
form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-
medical wastes
MSW
Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes
generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid
form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-
medical wastes
According to
CPCB- waste
generation rate in
India-
Towns-
0.1kg/Capita daily
City- 0.5kg/Capita
daily
MSW
MSW
Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes
generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid
form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-
medical wastes
Characteristics of MS Waste :
Characteristics of MS Waste :
Characteristics of MS Waste :
Waste minimization:
Prevention of waste being created is known as waste
reduction which is an important method of waste
management.
The modern concepts based on the three ‘R’s are:
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
Methods of avoidance include reuse of second hand
products, designing products to be refillable or reusable,
repairing broken items instead of buying new etc
The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to be
followed for waste management.
Waste management is the
storage
collection
transport and handling
recycling
disposal and monitoring of waste materials.
Storage:
- Galvanized steel dust bin
- Paper sack
- Public bins
Storage:
- Galvanized steel dust bin
- Paper sack
- Public bins
Collection
- House-to-house collection
- Collection from the public bins
Waste handling and separation involves
activities associated with waste management
until the waste is placed in storage
containers for collection. Handling also
encompasses the movement of loaded
containers to the point of collection.
waste is transferred from a smaller
collection vehicle to larger transport
equipment
Recycling refers to the collection and
refuse of waste materials such as empty
beverage container.
The materials from which the items are
made can be processed into new
products.
Materials for recycling may be collected
separately from general waste using
dedicated bins.
1. Dumping
2. Controlled Tipping or Sanitary Landfill
3. Incineration
4. Composting
5. Manure pits
6. Shredding and pulverisation
Public hygiene and health.
Reuse, recovery and recycle
Energy generation
Sustainable development
Aesthetics
Low lying areas.
Mainly for dry refuses
Kolkata disposes by this
method and reclaimed land
given for cultivation.
Unsanitary method
- Exposed to flies and rodents
- Nuisance
- Dispersed by wind
- pollution of surface water
Satisfactory method
- Material placed in a trench
-compacted with earth at the end
of the working day.
Modified sanitary land fill-where compaction
and covering are accomplished once or twice
a week.
3 Methods
1. Trench method
2. Ramp method
3. Area method
Refuse is compacted on its exposed surface
with excavated earth (30 cm).
Long trench of 6-10 feet deep and12-36 feet
wide.
Refuse is compacted and covered
with excavated earth.
Refuse is filled up to 6 feet.
It is estimated one acre of land per year for
10,000 population.
RAMP METHOD:suitedwherethe terrain
is moderately slopping.
Long trench of 6-10 feet deep and12-36 feet
wide.
Refuse is compacted and covered
with excavated earth.
Refuse is filled up to 6 feet.
It is estimated one acre of land per year for
10,000 population.
RAMP METHOD:suitedwherethe terrain
is moderately slopping.
Long trench of 6-10 feet deep and12-36 feet
wide.
Refuse is compacted and covered
with excavated earth.
Refuse is filled up to 6 feet.
It is estimated one acre of land per year for
10,000 population.
RAMP METHOD:suitedwherethe terrain
is moderately slopping.
Used for filling land depressions,
disused quarries and clay pits.
Refuse is deposited, packed and consolidated
in uniform layers for 6-8 feet.
Each layer is sealed with a
mud cover at least 12 inches.
Sealing prevents infestation by flies
and rodents.
Prevents nuisance of smell and dust.
Changes
- Chemical
- Bacteriological
- Physical
The temperature rises to over 60 deg. C
within 7 days and kills all pathogens and
hastens the decomposition process.
It takes 4 to 6 months for complete
decomposition.
it is a disposal method in which solid
organic wastes are subjected to combustion so
as to convert them into residue and gaseous
products.
This process reduces the volumes of solid waste
to 20-30% of the original volume.
Also described as thermal treatment
Where land is not available
Hospital waste
it is a disposal method in which solid
organic wastes are subjected to combustion so
as to convert them into residue and gaseous
products.
This process reduces the volumes of solid waste
to 20-30% of the original volume.
Also described as thermal treatment
Where land is not available
Hospital waste
Method of combined disposal of refuse and
night soil/ sludge
Principal by products are: CO2 , Water and
heat
End product- compost
Mostly used in rural areas
Digging “manure pits” is to prevent the
refuses thrown around the houses.
The garbage, cattle dung, straw, and leaves
should be dumped into the mannure pits and
covered with earth.
Two pits will be needed
In 5-6 month’s time the refuse is converted
into manure which can be returned to the
field.
Suitable for small camp
A trench 1.5m wide &2 m deep is excavated
The refuse is covered with 20 -30cm of earth
When the level in the trench is 40cm from
ground level, the trench is filled with earth
& compacted
1.5CUM- weight of
1kN- pressure -
4-6 months
700kPa
Suitable for small camp
A trench 1.5m wide &2 m deep is excavated
The refuse is covered with 20 -30cm of earth
When the level in the trench is 40cm from
ground level, the trench is filled with earth
& compacted
1.5CUM- weight of
1kN- pressure -
4-6 months
700kPa
Zero waste system which was founded by PhD
chemist .Paul parmer in Okland.
It is a philosophy that encourages the
redesign of resource life cycle so that all
products are reused.
