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Agronomy at A Glance

Agronomy is the study of soil management, crop production, and crop management practices. It draws from various disciplines like soil science, plant ecology, entomology, and plant pathology. Agronomists develop practices to provide optimal growing conditions for crops. Some key practices include land preparation, nutrient management, water management, weed control, harvesting techniques, storage, and marketing. Crops are also classified based on their growing season (kharif/rabi/summer crops) and use (grain, pulse, oilseed, forage crops etc.). New technologies like farm mechanization, precision farming, and e-agriculture will further transform agricultural practices in the future.

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3K views42 pages

Agronomy at A Glance

Agronomy is the study of soil management, crop production, and crop management practices. It draws from various disciplines like soil science, plant ecology, entomology, and plant pathology. Agronomists develop practices to provide optimal growing conditions for crops. Some key practices include land preparation, nutrient management, water management, weed control, harvesting techniques, storage, and marketing. Crops are also classified based on their growing season (kharif/rabi/summer crops) and use (grain, pulse, oilseed, forage crops etc.). New technologies like farm mechanization, precision farming, and e-agriculture will further transform agricultural practices in the future.

Uploaded by

shree.agr4138
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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By

Dr. Shyamashree Roy


Assistant professor, Agronomy
Regional Research Station(Old Alluvial Zone)
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya
Majhian, Dakshin Dinajpur
What is Agronomy ?
Agronomy is a branch of Agriculture which deals with
the study of the principles and practices of soil, water
and crop management.
It is derived from GREEK words…
• Agros means field
• Nomos means to manage
Scope of Agronomy
Agronomy is a dynamic discipline. With the
advancement of knowledge and better understanding of
plant and environment, agricultural practices are modified
or new practices developed for higher productivity. For
example-

Availability of chemical fertilizers and herbicides for control


of weeds has led to development of a vast knowledge about
time, method and quantity of fertilizer and herbicide
application

Big irrigation projects are constructed to provide irrigation


facilities. However, these projects created side effects like
water logging and salinity. To overcome these problems,
appropriate water management practices are developed
Population pressure is increasing but the area under cultivation
is static. Therefore, to feed the increasing population, more
number of crops have to be grown on the same piece of land in
an year. As a result, intensive cropping has come into vogue.

Similarly, no tillage practices have come in place of clean


cultivation as a result of increase in cost of energy.( Fuel prices
of oil ) Likewise, new technology has to be developed to
overcome the effect of moisture stress under dry land
conditions.

As new varieties of crops with high yield potential become


available, package of practices has to be developed to exploit
their full yielding potential
Land utilization statistics
 Total geographical area : 328.8 m ha.
 Total reporting area : 304.3 m ha.
 Area under cultivation : 143.0 m ha.
 Total cropped area : 179.8 m ha.
 Area sown more than once : 36.8 m ha.
 Area not available for cultivation : 161.3 m ha.
 Area under forest : 66.4 million ha.
Relationship of Agronomy with other Science

It is a Synthesis of Several disciplines like…


• Soil science
• Plant ecology
• Entomology
• Plant pathology
To understand Soil physical, chemical and biological properties as
well as physiology of crops.

Developments in these subjects help in developing new practices


which are simpler and economical to provide favourable environment
to the crop.

Agronomy mainly deals with different management practices.


Important management practices
for crop growth and yield are…
Land preparation
Seeds and sowing
Nutrient management
Water management
Weed management
Harvesting
Threshing and winnowing
Storage
Marketing
Money making agriculture
Classification of crops
Based on growing season:

1. Kharif/Rainy/Monsoon crops:
The crops grown in monsoon months from June
to Oct-Nov, Require warm, wet weather at major
period of crop growth, also required short day
length for flowering.
E.g. Cotton, Rice, Jowar, bajara.
2. Rabi/winter/cold seasons crops:

Require winter season to grow well from Oct to


March month. Crops grow well in cold and dry
weather. Require longer day length for flowering.
E.g. Wheat, gram, sunflower etc.
3. Summer/Zaid crops:
Crops grown in summer month from March to June.
Require warm day weather for major growth period
and longer day length for flowering.
E.g. Groundnuts, Watermelon, Pumpkins, Gourds
Based on Use and Agronomic classification:

1. Grain crops 2. Pulse/legume crops


3. Oil seeds crops 4. Forage Crop

5. Fibre crops
7. Root crops 8. Tuber crops

9. Sugar crops 10. Starch crops


12. Vegetables crops
11. Spices & condiments/spices crops

14. Medicinal & aromatic crops


13. Green manure crop
•Farm mechanization
•E-agriculture
•Precision farming
E-agriculture
Future agriculture will be like this-
Thank you for your attention!!!

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