The document describes an LP bypass system for steam turbines. The LP bypass system maintains steam flow and pressure during startup, low load operation, and sudden load rejection. It bypasses steam around the intermediate pressure and low pressure turbines to the condenser while maintaining flow through the reheater. The system enhances fast starting and protects the condenser from excessive temperature and pressure rises. It uses a combination of electrical and hydraulic controls, including a controller that regulates reheater pressure via an electro-hydraulic converter and bypass valves.
The document describes an LP bypass system for steam turbines. The LP bypass system maintains steam flow and pressure during startup, low load operation, and sudden load rejection. It bypasses steam around the intermediate pressure and low pressure turbines to the condenser while maintaining flow through the reheater. The system enhances fast starting and protects the condenser from excessive temperature and pressure rises. It uses a combination of electrical and hydraulic controls, including a controller that regulates reheater pressure via an electro-hydraulic converter and bypass valves.
The document describes an LP bypass system for steam turbines. The LP bypass system maintains steam flow and pressure during startup, low load operation, and sudden load rejection. It bypasses steam around the intermediate pressure and low pressure turbines to the condenser while maintaining flow through the reheater. The system enhances fast starting and protects the condenser from excessive temperature and pressure rises. It uses a combination of electrical and hydraulic controls, including a controller that regulates reheater pressure via an electro-hydraulic converter and bypass valves.
The document describes an LP bypass system for steam turbines. The LP bypass system maintains steam flow and pressure during startup, low load operation, and sudden load rejection. It bypasses steam around the intermediate pressure and low pressure turbines to the condenser while maintaining flow through the reheater. The system enhances fast starting and protects the condenser from excessive temperature and pressure rises. It uses a combination of electrical and hydraulic controls, including a controller that regulates reheater pressure via an electro-hydraulic converter and bypass valves.
through RH. Function of LP bypass:- 1. To monitor the pressure in reheat system and to control it under certain operating condition. 2. The volume of steam not utilized by the IPT & LPT during start up & shut down must pass through condenser.
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LP BYPASS SYSTEM
LP Bypass system provide a very effective means of
It enhances fast starting capability of turbines from all
initial conditions e.g.
Cold condition Warm condition Hot Condition
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LP BYPASS SYSTEM LP steam-bypass system operates in parallel with the turbine
Protects Condenser from excessive temperature and
pressure that could result from sudden injection of superheated steam
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• The controls for LP Bypass system are combination of electrical
and well proven hydraulic system
• Electro-hydraulic converter provides the necessary link
between hydraulic actuator and electrical system
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SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING FROM LOAD REJECTION Upon receiving load rejection signal from electrical system: Turbine Speed Controller assumes control of the TG set
It initiates fast closure of HP & IP turbine
control valves through position controller
Fast closure of turbine control valves cause an
immediate decrease in HP 1st. Stage pressure
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SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING FROM LOAD REJECTION Pressure increases in main and reheat steam systems
These pressure changes are sensed by HP and LP
Bypass controllers
Respective bypass valves are opened
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• If LP steam- bypass system fails or the condenser cannot accept LP bypass steam , Safety Valves open and dump steam to atmosphere
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24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 11 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 12 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 13 System details and layout • The controls for LP Bypass system are combination of electrical and well proven hydraulic system
• Electro-hydraulic converter provides the necessary
link between hydraulic actuator and electrical system
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Control scheme
• Set point formation
• Pressure control for LP bypass system • LP bypass HYDRAULIC System • Protection system
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Control scheme • The LPBypass Controller acts as a maximum pressure Controller
• It regulates the reheater pressure either to the
fixed set value or suitably derived variable set value
• If the reheater pressure exceeds this set value,
the Controller causes the electro-hydraulic converter to operate and initiate bypass operation
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Set Value formation
The Two set values – fixed and variable are formed for the LPBypass control system set value to be used is determined by a maximum value selector For the formation of variable set point, a pressure transducer is used to measure the steam pressure in HP turbine
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Bypass Controller – Block Diagram
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LP Bypass System
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Features of LPBP Controller • LPBP controller maintains pressure after reheater by controlling LP bypass valves • It acts on the coil of the LPBP E-H converter to position the control valves. • Two setpoints, fixed and variable are used in maximum selection circuit • Variable setpoint is derived from HP first stage pressure • Water spray is in two stages depending on steam flow through LPBP stations. • LPBP valves cannot open until adequate spray water pressure and required vacuum is there and condenser wall temp is not high. • Valves can also be operated manually 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 20 LP BYPASS SETPOINTS
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CONTROLLER OUTPUT CHARACTERI STICS
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Hydraulic Mode of Operation
• The controller controls plunger coil of Electro
Hydraulic Converter • With increase in voltage, the jet pipe is deflected towards right • Converter piston moves downwards leading to generation of LPB signal oil through Follow-up pistons provided in the hydraulic control system 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 23 Hydraulic Mode of Operation
• Two Follow-up Pistons actuate and open first stage of
water injection valve • Remaining two Follow-up Pistons generate signal oil for opening LPBypass stop and control valve 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 24 ADJUSTMENT OF LPBYPASS CONVERTER
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Design of LPBypass Valves for 210 MW Steam Turbine
• Controlled by 8 bar mineral oil
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Design of LPBypass Valve for 500 MW Steam Turbine
• Controlled by 36 bar FRF
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Protection Devices
Low Vacuum Condensor Protection
Spray Water Pressure Switch Condensor Temperature Protection 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 28 Protection Devices cause closure of bypass station in case of following eventualities
a) Condensor vacuum is low ( > 0.6 bar absolute )
b) Spray water pressure is low (< 8.5 / 9.5 bar ) c) Temperature of condenser body is high (> 90° C )
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Water Injection Valves operate in two stages
• Second stage Water Injection Valves open
when steam flow through LPBypass Valves increases more than 45 % 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 30 CURVE FOR LPBYPASS CONTROLLER
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Damping device
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24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 33 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 34 Actuator Bypass Stop Valve 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 35 Actuator LPBPCV 24 September 2019 500 PMI MW Revision 00 36 Pilot valve for Water Injection Valve
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Water Injection Valve
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Combined Bypass Stop & Control Valve 210 MW
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Feedback for Pilot valve of Bypass Control Valve 210 MW
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24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 41 24 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 42 THANK YOU
