The parotid gland is the largest of the three major salivary glands. [1] It is located below and in front of the external ear. [2] The parotid gland develops from an ectodermal furrow in the fifth week of gestation. [3] It has an inverted pyramid shape and is surrounded by a capsule. [4] The parotid gland secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth. [5] It receives blood supply from the external carotid artery and drains into the external jugular vein. [6] The parotid gland is innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve. [7]
The parotid gland is the largest of the three major salivary glands. [1] It is located below and in front of the external ear. [2] The parotid gland develops from an ectodermal furrow in the fifth week of gestation. [3] It has an inverted pyramid shape and is surrounded by a capsule. [4] The parotid gland secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth. [5] It receives blood supply from the external carotid artery and drains into the external jugular vein. [6] The parotid gland is innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve. [7]
The parotid gland is the largest of the three major salivary glands. [1] It is located below and in front of the external ear. [2] The parotid gland develops from an ectodermal furrow in the fifth week of gestation. [3] It has an inverted pyramid shape and is surrounded by a capsule. [4] The parotid gland secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth. [5] It receives blood supply from the external carotid artery and drains into the external jugular vein. [6] The parotid gland is innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve. [7]
The parotid gland is the largest of the three major salivary glands. [1] It is located below and in front of the external ear. [2] The parotid gland develops from an ectodermal furrow in the fifth week of gestation. [3] It has an inverted pyramid shape and is surrounded by a capsule. [4] The parotid gland secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth. [5] It receives blood supply from the external carotid artery and drains into the external jugular vein. [6] The parotid gland is innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve. [7]
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PAROTID GLAND
PAROTID GLAND PAROTID GLANDS Largest of the three major salivary glands
Situated below the external acoustic meatus between the ramus of the mandible and sternocleidomastoi d muscle overlapping DEVELOPMENT 5th week of IU Just lateral to the angle of primary oral fissure as an ectodermal furrow. Branches repeatedly to form duct system and acini. Opens into angle of primitive mouth. With the growth of maxillary and mandibular processes the duct opening is shifted to the vestibule opposite the max 2nd molar. Mesoderm forms the intervening connective tissue. Gross anatomy. Size 15g
Shape Three sided inverted pyramid base above apex down
Surface superior(base) superficial Site Parotid region bounded Anteriorly posterior border of ramus of mandible Posteriorly mastoid process above and sternocleidomastoid muscle below Superiorly external acoustic meatus and posterior part of the capsule of TMJ Inferiorly posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles Medially Styloid process Coverings Inner true capsule formed by condensation of fibrous stroma of the gland. Outer false capsule[Parotid Sheath] formed by splitting of investing layer of deep cervical fascia. Relations Apex Overlaps posterior belly of digastric and adjoining part of carotid triangle.
Emerge : cervical branch of facial nerve. ant & post division of retro-mandibular vein. Relations Base Small and concave
Related to Cartilagenous part of EOM Posterior surface of TMJ. Superficial temporal vessels. Auriculotemporal nerve. Relations Superficial surface
Largest of the four surface
Covered by Skin Superficial fascia containing anterior branches of the great auricular nerve preauricular parotid lymph nodes posterior fibres of platysma and risorius Parotid fascia Deep parotid lymph nodes Relations Anteromedial surface
Grooved by posterior border of mandibular ramus.
Related to Masseter Lateral aspect of TM joint. Medial pterygoid. Branches of facial nerve. Maxillary artery. Relations Posteromedial surface
Relations Mastoid process with SCM and post belly of digastric attached to it Styloid process with structures attached
ECA enters the gland
ICA lies deep to the styloid process Relations Anterior border Separates superficial from anteromedial surfaces.
posteromedial surface Overlaps SCM Relations Medial border Separates anteromedial surface from the posteromedial surfaces.
Relation Lateral wall of pharynx PAROTID CAPSULE Investing layer of deep cervical fascia forms a capsule for the gland Fascia splits to enclose the gland. Superficial lamina thick and adherent to the gland is attached above to the zygomatic arch. Deep lamina is thin and is attached to the styloid process the mandible and tympanic plate. Portion of deep lamina extending between styloid process & the mandible ,thickened to form stylomandibular ligament . Structures within the gland Parotid duct Thick walled 5cm long
Course Emerges from middle of ant border of the gland , run forwards and slightly downwards on the masseter
Runs obliquely
Turns medially at the ant border of
the masseter to traverse buccal fat and buccinator Opens upon a small papilla opp to max 2nd molar Relations of parotid duct Superiorly Accessory parotid gland Upper branch of Inferiorly facial nerve Lower branch of Transverse facial facial nerve vessels Blood supply. Artery External Carotid artery Posterior auricular Transverse facial of superficial temporal artery
Vein - External jugular vein
Internal jugular vein Lymphatic drainage. Into superficial and deep group of parotid lymph nodes. Efferents from these nodes drain into jugulodigastric group of deep cervical nodes. Nerve supply Parasympathetic secretomotor auriculotemporal nerve Sympathetic vasomotor plexus around middle meningeal artery Sensory Parotid gland auriculotemporal nerve Parotid fascia greater auricular nerve Parasympathetic nerve supply. Inferior salivatory nucleus Pre ganglionic
