The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus. The lobes are conical in shape and have three surfaces: lateral, medial, and posterolateral. The thyroid gland contains two cell types - follicular cells that secrete thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin to regulate blood calcium levels. The thyroid is supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into cervical lymph nodes.
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus. The lobes are conical in shape and have three surfaces: lateral, medial, and posterolateral. The thyroid gland contains two cell types - follicular cells that secrete thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin to regulate blood calcium levels. The thyroid is supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into cervical lymph nodes.
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus. The lobes are conical in shape and have three surfaces: lateral, medial, and posterolateral. The thyroid gland contains two cell types - follicular cells that secrete thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin to regulate blood calcium levels. The thyroid is supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into cervical lymph nodes.
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus. The lobes are conical in shape and have three surfaces: lateral, medial, and posterolateral. The thyroid gland contains two cell types - follicular cells that secrete thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin to regulate blood calcium levels. The thyroid is supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into cervical lymph nodes.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 11
THYROID GLAND
Anatomy THYROID GLAND Endocrine gland, situated in the lower part of the front and sides of the neck. Extends : from oblique line of thyroid cartilage to the 5th or 6th tracheal ring. Lie against C5,C6,C7 & T1. Consist Right & Left lobes, joined by isthmus. A 3rd pyramidal lobe may project upwards from the isthmus. Capsules: two; True & false. Larger in females than males. Development: from the endoderm of the floor of primitive oral cavity in the region of the future foramen caecum and ultimobranchial body. RELATIONS OF THE LOBES The lobes are conical in shape having: An apex A base Three surfaces: Lateral, medial, posterolateral Two borders: Anterior and posterior Apex: directed upwards and slightly laterally.
Base: on level with the 4th or
5th tracheal ring. Lateral surface: convex and covered by Sternohyoid Superior belly of omohyoid Sternothyroid Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid Medial surface: 2 tubes, trachea and oesophagus 2 muscles,inferior constrictor and cricothyroid 2 nerves,external laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal Posterolateral surface: carotid sheath and overlaps common carotid artery.
Anterior border: anterior
branch of superior thyroid artery
Posterior border: separates
medial and posterior surfaces. Inferior thyroid artery Anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid arteries Parathyroid glands On left side thoracic duct RELATIONS OF ISTHMUS Connects lower parts of the 2 lobes. Anterior surface: covered by, Sternothyroid and sternohyoid Anterior jugular vein Fascia and skin Posterior surface: 2nd to 4th tracheal rings.
Upper border: anastomosis
between right and left superior thyroid arteries.
Lower border: Inferior thyroid
veins. Blood supply: Superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins.
Lymphatic drainage: Upper & lower deep cervical lymph node Pretracheal and paratracheal lymph node
Nerve supply: Middle cervical ganglion Superior and inferior cervical ganglia HISTOLOGY 2 types of cells : follicular & parafollicular. The follicular cells secrete T3 & T4. T3 & T4 binds with glycoproteins to form the thyroglobulin (colloid). Most of the thyroid follicles are full of stored Thyroglobulin (colloid). Parafollicular cells/clear (C) cells are found among the follicular cells. They pale staining cells with a granular cytoplasm. Unlike follicular cells, they are not exposed to the follicular lumen. They secrete Calcitonin which help regulating blood calcium levels. Follicular cells
Transplant International Special Issue: Abstracts of The 14th Congress of The European Society For Organ Transplantation Volume 22, Issue Supplement s2, Pages 95-222, August 2009
Transplant International Special Issue: Abstracts of The 14th Congress of The European Society For Organ Transplantation Volume 22, Issue Supplement s2, Pages 95-222, August 2009
