LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
BEANT SINGH MEMORIAL AND
CENTER FOR PERFORMING AND
VISUAL ARTS
SECTOR 42-D, CHANDIGARH.
INTRODUCTION
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To develop and raise a memorial in the memory of Late S. Beant
Singh, former Chief Minister, Punjab at Chandigarh. Building a
Memorial which is just a mass of concrete and stones and is a
passive architectural structure or form may not be the best way
of paying tribute to a hero, who led a life full of action and
dynamism and finally laid down his life fighting terrorism. It is
only befitting that a lasting tribute is paid to the Late S. Beant
BROAD REQUIREMENTS:
Singh by making a Memorial which is vibrant, pulsating with
MEMORIAL:-
life, and is visited and used
Samadhi
Centre
for
National
Integration
and
Communal Memory:-
Library
Conference Hall
Pictorial gallery
Museum for housing wax / fibre glass / bronze
figures of national heroes.
region, if not the whole country, so that his memory is
CENTRE FOR PERFORMING AND VISUAL
ARTS:-
Facilities for holding work-shops & Exhibitions
Cafeteria with kitchen
Guest House
Auditorium
3 acres for the memorial, 8.9 acres for the
centre for performing arts.
and visual arts adjacent to S. Beant Singh Memorial. The centre
150m * 315 m = 11.68 acres.
LOCATION MAP
meaning-fully by people
of the
continuously on perpetuated. It would therefore be only
appropriate to raise a memorial which symbolizes among other
things the themes of national integration, communal harmony
and secularism.
It has also been decided to set up a centre for performing
would be planned and designed in such a manner so as to lend
subtly and completely with the memorial. This is quite
achievable as there cannot be a greater unifying force than art.
All great arts, past or present, have a profoundly stirring impact
on the human mind and spirit and act as a cementing force,
transcending the barriers and limitation of caste, creed, class,
religion, province and nationalities, unifying people from remote
and diverse parts. The centre for the Performing & Visual Arts
would
therefore
serve
to
only
complement
accentuate the underlying theme of the Memorial.
and
further
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
MEMORIAL
Somethingdesignedtopreservethe
memoryofaperson,event,etc.,
Created or done to honor a person
who has died or to remind people of
an event in which many people died
MEMORIAL
The USS Arizona Memorial,
located
atPearl
HarborinHonolulu,Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the
1,177sailors andMarineskilled onUSSArizona(BB-39)during
theJapanesesurpriseattackonPearlHarboron7December1941
and commemorates the events of that day. The attack on Pearl
HarborandtheislandofOahuwastheactionthatledtotheUnited
States'directinvolvementinWorldWarII.
Thememorial,builtin1962,isvisitedbymorethantwomillion
peopleannually.Accessible only by boat,itstraddlesthe
sunkenhullofthebattleshipwithouttouchingit.Historical
informationabouttheattack,shuttleboatstoandfromthememorial,
andgeneralvisitorservicesareavailableattheassociated
USSArizonaMemorialVisitorCenter,whichopenedin1980andis
operatedbytheNationalParkService.Thesunkenremainsofthe
battleshipweredeclaredaNationalHistoricLandmarkon5May
1989.
Raj Ghatis
a memorial toMahatma Gandhi. It is a black marble platform that marks the spot of Mahatma Gandhi's
cremation,Antyesti(Antim Sanskar) on 31 January 1948, a day afterhis assassination. It is left open to the sky while aneternal
flameburns perpetually at one end. It is located on the banks of the riverYamunain Delhi in India onRing Roadofficially known as
MahatmaGandhiRoad.Astonefootpathflankedbylawnsleadstothewalledenclosurethathousesthememorial.
Location
Nearestcity
Coordinates
Several otherSamadhi'sor cremation spots of other famous leaders can be found in the vicinity of Raj Ghat on the banks of the
Yamuna.Thelandscapingandplantingofthesememorialswasperformedby Alick Percy-Lancaster,thelastEnglishmantohold
thepostofSuperintendentofHorticulturalOperations,GovernmentofIndia.
Jawaharlal Nehru's SamadhiistothenorthoftheRajGhatandisknownasthe ShantivanorShanti Vanameaningthe"forest
ofpeace".AdjacenttoNehru'smemorialis Ekta sthal, the site where K. R. Narayanan ,tenthPresidentofIndia,wascremated
withfullstatehonorsin2005.
Area
Established
Visitors
Governingbody
MAHATAMA GANDHI
Raj Ghat
PT. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
VIEW
SHANTIVAN
Pearl Harbor
Honolulu, Hawaii
212154N157570
W
Coordinates:
212154N157570
10.50 acres (4.25 ha)
W
30 May 1962
1,556,808 (in2005)
U.S. Navy
National Park Service
INDRA GANDHI
Shakti Sthal
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
DISNEY CONCERT HALL
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
111 South Grand Avenue
Los Angeles, California U.S.A.
For about thirteen years, Walt Disney concert hall has
been a unique locus for music, arts and architecture.
Since its opening in 2003 it has been one of the
most recognizable symbols of Los Angeles and
also one of the best known concert halls of the
Disney
world. Concert Hall was completed and became part
of the Los Angeles California's performing district on
October 23rd 2003.The home of the LA Phil, it has
become widely well known for its unique
architectural
and itshall
excellent
acoustics
The beauty of form
this concert
is the way
Gehry was
able to remove himself from the typical form and
capture the motion of music, creating an exterior
that seems to dance both on and above the site. The
interior then becomes very organic as one journeys
between and into these sculptural forms. The
creation of one large volume auditorium with a
center stage and vertical seating allows the
patrons to have an intimate relationship with the
orchestra. The calibration with Toyota and many
sophisticated acoustic studies produced a space
described as having "acoustical clarity". This clarity
caused the LA Phil to relearn their repertoire to fit the
new space. To accompany the orchestra, Gehry worked
with organ builders Manuel Rosales and Caspar Von
Glatter-Gotz, to produce an unconventional organ for
the space. An organ's wooden pipes are often unseen,
LOCATION MAP
but these are front and center to connect it with the
wood interior of the hall. The pipes on this organ were
curved and bent, which had not been done before.
CONCEPT
Capturing the motion of Los Angeles, and representing
musical movement, Gehry created an exterior composed of
curvilinear forms that seem to dance both on and above the
site. The design represents the style of their creator, architects
Frank Gehry, could be considered a work of art in itself. The
extravagance of its forms seems to defy any rules of harmony and
EXTERIOR
symmetry.
The first thing the visitors notice on arriving at the hall is its breath
taking exterior. At first the building was decided to be made from
stone but the use of steel was taken into account considering the
amount and variety of curves of the structure. The coat, that outer
surface used was corrugated of 12,500 pieces of the steel together
on the outside. The areas outside of the rectangle were made from
stone. Glass surface acts as a liaison between the various volumes.
The climate of Los Angeles is quite lower throughout the year and
this accounted with the use of materials. The reflecting surface of
the Hall was later made rough because of the complain from the
SHAPE
surroundings.
The building is essentially a shell which consists of a series of
interconnected volumes, some form of orthogonal coated stone and
other forms of organic and surfaces covered with a corrugated
metal skin of steel. The Interior can be seen in the shape of hull of a
boat.
ACOUSTICS
The vineyard design calls for terraced seating to surround the
orchestra allowing for more flat surfaces. This would increase the
area for sound to be reflected-an important feature for the success
of an unamplified orchestra.
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5
TH
YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
ThewelllitwarminteriorbeginswithlobbiesDouglasfirwrappedtree
columnsandcontinuesuntiltheonetakesaseatintheauditory.Just
abovethemainlobbyisoneoftheWaltDisneysconcerthallstwointerior
performancespacesthedramaticyetintimateBPHall.Likethemain
auditoriumthishallwasbuiltwithacousticsinthemindandhostspre
concerttalks,musicalperformances,receptionandprivateevents.Walking
pasttheBPhall,wecomeacrossthespacededicatedtothankingmany
whohelpedmakingthedreamofLillianDisneysvisionarealityandit
featuresthenamesofbenefactors.
Thismonumenttomusicservesasastudyincontrastthatmanagestofindthe
balancebetweenimposingandinviting.Withitsshinysteelcladexteriorand
warmexpensiveinteriorthedesignreflectsthearchitectsvisionofbeingbuilt
frominsideout.Withpinpointacousticsoverseenbymasteracquisition,Walt
Disneyconcerthallismeanttobeseen,heardandexperiencedbyall.
DISNEY CONCERT HALL
INTERIORS
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
KAMANI AUDITORIUM
The Auditorium has one of the finest stages in the
City of Delhi with a width of 15 meters and a depth
of 14 meters. The Auditorium stage is ideal for
demanding theatrical performances. To enable quick
change of scenes and sets as well as elaborate
lighting design, the stage is equipped with 21 flying
bars with an upper height of over 14 meters.
Kamani Auditorium, a unit of the Bharatiya Kala
Kendra Trust, is the most prestigious Theatre
Hall of Delhi. The 632 seater Auditorium has
been a host to some of the best National and
International Theatrical, Dance and Musical
Performances. The Auditorium building is an
elegant structure with aesthetically designed
Public Areas, Main Hall, Green Rooms, etc.
The Auditorium has excellent acoustics. It is furthermore
equipped with a professional quality sound system using
JBL Speakers, Crown Amplifiers and a 32 Channel Sound
craft Mixer. The Auditorium also has its own sophisticated
stage lighting with a large variety of professional lights
such as Pars, Profiles, Victories, etc., which are connected
through a Computerized Soft Patching System to a 48
channel, zero 88, Bullfrog Control Panel.
The Auditorium is strategically located in the Mandi
House area of New Delhi at 1, Copernicus Marg.
Mandi House is well known as the cultural hub of
the Capital. The Auditorium is well connected by
Bus services as well as the Delhi Metro which has
its station just 5 minutes walking distance from the
Hall.
DISTANCE FROM MANDI HOUSE METRO STATION 850m
DISTANCE FROM MANDI HOUSE BUS STOP
350m
KAMANI
AUDITORIUM
LOCATION MAP
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
KAMANI AUDITORIUM
PLAN
S
SECURITY
CHECK
MAIN
ENTRY
SECURITY
CHECK
ENTRY
ENTRY
MAIN
ENTRY
TICKET
COUNTER
LOBBY
TOILET
AUDI HALL
EXIT
Circulation of visitors
TOILET
MAIN
ENTRY
SECURITY
CHECK
ADMIN
OFFICE
LOBBY
STAGE
MULTI
PURPOSE
HALL
GREEN
ROOM
ORCHESTR
A PIT
TOILET
Circulation of
ENTRANCE
FOYER
AUDITORIU
M
OFFICE
TOILET
CAFETARIA
Circulation of staf
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
TheNational MuseuminNew Delhi, also known as
theNational Museum of India, is one of
the
largestmuseums inIndia. Established in 1949, it
holds variety of articles ranging from pre-historic era
to modern works of art. It functions under theMinistry
of culture,Government of India. The museum is
situated on the corner ofJanpathand Maulana Azad
Road. The National Museum started taking a concrete
shape in 1946 when an eleven-member committee
was set up under the chairmanship of Sir Maurice
Gwayer to prepare theNearest
blueprint stops
for the :National
Museum
at New
Delhi.
Central
secretariat
metro station 1.2
kms.
New Delhi railway station 3.8 kms.
Indira Gandhi international airport
National Museum14.5
bus kms.
stop
SITE SURROUNDINGS :EAST - VIGYAN BHWAN
WEST - JJAWAHARLAL NEHRU BHAWAN
NORTH RAJPATH ROAD
SOUTH ARCHAELOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
BUILDING SURROUNDINGS :STONE SCULPTURES, PAINTINGS , BAGGAGE COUNTER,
WORKSHOP, VEGETATION, WATER BODY etc.
VEGETATION :ASHOKA DEVDARU, MEETA NEEM, PALM etc.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
LOCATION MAP
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
The National Museum maintains a well stocked library, a
conservation laboratory and an auditorium where cultural events
are performed. In addition it has a museum shop which forms an
outlet for National Museums publications and replicas of art
objects.
Today, the National Museum is the largest museum in the country
and in the South Asian Region providing leadership to the museum
movement in this part of the world. And, the National Museum
Institute has grown into a premier institution of the country
Building is made using high strength R.C.C. and red sandstone.
imparting education and training in Museology and Indian Art.
Temporary structures are provided around the building.
Floor to floor height is approximately 4m.
Artificial lighting is done with day light exhibits kept to minimum.
Natural lighting is only used in center circulation court.
Well played with focused lights with the use of concave and
convex lenses in diferent places.
In jewelry section the gallery is dark and recessed pockets are
made with minimal lighting.
The whole structure is based around the central rotunda which
lits up the entire corridor.
All internal walls are painted according to the theme.
All floor finish are either wooden, tiles or rubber.
Museum shop and institute is an additional advantage.
Bronze gallery was articulated in a diferent
manner even the pillars were used as display of
sculptures..
DEMERITS
: Proper parking facility is not their for visitor,
Archaeological survey of India building is used for
parking.
Only front faade is articulated , rear faade is only
plastered.
Placement of toilet is not proper, entry is from the
landing of staircase.
Fire exits are hidden and in case of emergency will
be difficult to come out of the place.
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
FLOOR PLANS
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
Exhibition Spaces
open space
Auditorium
Museum Institute
Conservation
laboratory
Toilets
Services
Library
Office
Ticketing
Counter
Entrance Lobby
Corridor space
Museum
Shop
Ajanta
Paintings
Office of The
D.G.
Administrative
Section
GROUND
FIRST
SECOND FLOOR:-
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
Hall of Nations and Halls of Industries,
Pragati Maidan, New Delhi 1971 72
DESIGNED BY ARCHITECT RAJ REWAL
Designed as space frame in reinforced
concrete; the first of its kind in India, and
perhaps in the world; the 'Hall of Nations'
provides an uninterrupted exhibition area of
approximately 6,700 sq.m in a 82m x 82m
x 27m high truncated pyramid supported on
eight points.
HALL OF
INDUSTRIES
HALL OF NATIONS
HALL OF NATIONS AND HALL
OF INDUSTRIES, PRAGATI
MAIDAN
Located on Mathura Road, next to Purana Qila, Pragati
maidan(149 acres of extensive ground), is rated as the
finest exhibition complex in Asia. Besides the 15 giant
exhibition halls, there is 10,000 square metres of open
area for trade related exhibitions.
A limited competition was held in 1970 for the design of
permanent exhibition spaces for the International Trade
Fair 2 years later, & Raj Rewals proposal was selected.
The main pavilion of the hall of nations has a clear span
of 78 m and a height vary from 3 m to 21m , thereby
providing a vast capacity for items to be exhibited from
books to bulldozers.
The hall of industries is a combination of 4 smaller
pavilions by ramps enclosing a central area for open air
exhibits, utilities, toilets, and other services are located
under the ramps.
Although each of the halls was initially conceived as a
full pyramid the truncated form was adopted in order to
avoid unnecessary constructions.
Octahedron measuring 5m from joint to joint were
employed as the basic 3D unit of the space frame , which
rests on 8 points around the essentially square planned
and allows 11m wide openings between the supports.
An efective system of environmental control inside the
building was another outcome of the 3D structure , as solid
triangular panels at regular intervals provided sun screens
a modern equivalent , according to some authors of the
traditional jali in Indian architecture .
The depth of the structural system was utilized as a Sun
breaker and conceived of in terms of the traditional 'jali', a
geometrical pattern of perforation that serves to obstruct
directs rays of the harsh Sun while permitting air
circulation.
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
HALL OF NATIONS AND HALL
OF INDUSTRIES, PRAGATI
MAIDAN
HALL OF NATIONS
The Permanent Exhibition Complex is designed to form the
focus of 130 acres of Exhibition ground designed by Raj Rewal
in New Delhi. The design was evolved to meet the constraints
of time, availability of materials and labour, but above all, to
reflect symbolically and technologically, India's intermediate
technology in the 25th year of its independence. The depth of
the structural system was utilized as a Sun breaker and
conceived of in terms of the traditional 'jali', a geometrical
pattern of perforation that serves to obstruct directs rays of
the harsh Sun while permitting air circulation. The main
pavilion of the Hall of Nations has a clear span of 78 metres
and a height varying from three metres to 21 metres, thereby
providing a vast capacity for items to be exhibited, from books
to bulldozers.
HALL OF INDUSTRIES , PRAGATI
MAIDAN
Each of the four 'Halls of Industries' is similar in design and
is 44m x 44 m x 16m high.
Free standing cofered mezzanine floors cantilevering out
of cylindrical shafts provide additional exhibition area in
each hall.
A special 9 member joint was evolved for precast
construction but the builder preferred in-situ construction.
The joint was modified to suit the adopted technique. The
'Halls of Nations' is supported on pile foundations tied
together with post tensioned plinth beams
The 'Hall of Industries' rest on spread footings tied together
with high tensile steel bars. The entire complex was
analysed, designed and built in a period of fifteen months.
SEATTLES CENTRAL
LIBRARY
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
Goal: Give the illusion of floating, ofset boxes , while minimizing
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
Architects: OMA & REX
Architect: Rem Koolhaas
Structural
Associates
Engineer:
Arup
&
Magnusson
oppose wind load and earthquake loads.
Fifth Avenue entrance on the uphill side of the full-block site, into a
dramatic three-story volume that appears larger than what seems
possible from the
outside. Appropriately dubbed the Living Room, its the librarys
Klemencic and Seattleslargest and most inviting public space. Fiction
collections, a Teen Center, a caf, a shop, and service-desk areas
alternate with computer desks and squishy rubber couches.
Square
Footage:
362,987-square-foot
OMA director
Rem
Koolhaas saysThe modern library, especially in a cybercity such as
Seattle, must transform itself into an information
storehouse aggressively
orchestrating
the
coexistence
of
all
available
Projecting forms (supported by enormous
technologies.
cantilevered trusses) reach for views. The steeply sloping
site two floors in a city
block (opposite)adds to the kinetic efect. The Fourth
Avenue entrance (near left) opens to a children's area.
The
gridded curtain wall peels away to form an arcade at the
main,
Fifth
Fifth Avenue
Avenue entrance
entrance on the uphill side of the full-block
site, into a dramatic three-story volume that appears
larger than what seems possible from the
outside. Appropriately dubbed the Living Room, its the
librarysand Seattleslargest and most inviting public
space. Fiction collections, a Teen Center, a caf, a shop,
and service-desk areas alternate with computer desks
and squishy rubber couches.
LOCATION MAP
Solution: Columns carry gravity loads, while diamond grid and steel
perimeter trusses
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
Location: Seattle, Washington
columns and transfer girders.
The architects pushed and pulled the platforms almost 50 feet out
of vertical alignment with each other to capture light and views. As
much as OMA enjoys casting itself as technician not artist, theres an
aesthetic at work, even when it verges on anti-aesthetic.
The sky-blue, diamond-patterned steel grid that supports the glass
cladding spans the distance between the ofset platforms in
great, angled planes.
There are five programmatic
platforms, blocks of floors designed for a unique purpose: parking,
staff area, meeting rooms, books, and offices.
The platforms
alternate with four large, open floors: a children's area, Living
Room, Mixing Chamber, and reading roomall places where
people can meet, search the Web, or just sit and read.
With its aggressive silhouette
and the apparent scalelessness of its
diamond-grid cladding,
Illuminated at night, it glows like a giant X-ray, exposing its vital
organs through its exoskeleton.
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
SEATTLES CENTRAL
LIBRARY
FLOOR PLANS
CHLOROPLETH MAP SHOWING HUMAN
DENSITY
SEATTLES CENTRAL
LIBRARY
LITERATURE STUDY
THESIS GUIDE: AR. BARKHA
KATARIA
SUSHMITA BISHT, B.ARCH, 5TH YR.
M.E.T. (F.O.A.), MORADABAD
10,000 glass diamond panels,
4,644 tons of steel,
Each platform has diferent structural system.
To minimize column and girders, many columns are
In general the structure is composed of both loadskewed to connect to each other in plan.
bearing and seismic systems. The loadbearing system, Columns at corners were pushed back to give the floating
in the form of columns and beams, supports the efect.
Cantilevers extend up to 52 ft., so skewed yellow columns
elevated platforms containing program spaces.
support the loads.
Custom curtain wall system
Skewed yellow columns transfer gravity loads and
Why it has to be Diamond-shaped windows? maximize counterbalancing opportunities.
Actually, it is a second structure, providing Skewed columns create thrust, which are then transferred
to the floor diaphragm that then connect
additional bracing against earthquakes and wind.
to the central core or other columns.
In substructure slabs, thrust is taken by extra reinforcing
steel.
Perimeter trusses resist lateral loads and transfer gravity
loads to ground.
165,000 feet of aluminum
The outrageous hot-pink curved hallways threaded
among the fourth-floor meeting rooms. Fluorescentgreen escalators ascend from the Living Room to
deliver patrons to a huge service desk at the center of
the fifth-floor mezzanine. This Mixing Chamber places
librarians, reference materials, and public-access
computers all in one place. Patrons need not wander
from one department to another.
The well-lit, generously sized levels invite
browsing, but shortcuts through the stacks
are available by stair or elevator for those
who know exactly what they want.
Reading areas have ample supply of
daylighting.
Photomural carpets of grass and
Leaves float on the wood
floors like giant throw rugs .Wood-clad terraces
descend through an auditorium
following the sites steep slope and seamlessly
linking the Living Room to the children's area two
levels below.
