The document discusses how Peter the Great and Catherine the Great strengthened Russia and expanded its territory through modernization efforts and military campaigns between 1689 and 1796. Peter traveled to Western Europe, brought back experts, built a navy and army, founded St. Petersburg, and gained territory, while Catherine embraced Western ideas, codified laws, and partitioned Poland with other monarchs.
The document discusses how Peter the Great and Catherine the Great strengthened Russia and expanded its territory through modernization efforts and military campaigns between 1689 and 1796. Peter traveled to Western Europe, brought back experts, built a navy and army, founded St. Petersburg, and gained territory, while Catherine embraced Western ideas, codified laws, and partitioned Poland with other monarchs.
The document discusses how Peter the Great and Catherine the Great strengthened Russia and expanded its territory through modernization efforts and military campaigns between 1689 and 1796. Peter traveled to Western Europe, brought back experts, built a navy and army, founded St. Petersburg, and gained territory, while Catherine embraced Western ideas, codified laws, and partitioned Poland with other monarchs.
The document discusses how Peter the Great and Catherine the Great strengthened Russia and expanded its territory through modernization efforts and military campaigns between 1689 and 1796. Peter traveled to Western Europe, brought back experts, built a navy and army, founded St. Petersburg, and gained territory, while Catherine embraced Western ideas, codified laws, and partitioned Poland with other monarchs.
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TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Absolute Monarchy in Russia
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
Explain how Peter the Great tried to make
Russia into a modern state.
Identify the steps Peter took to expand
Russias borders.
Describe how Catherine the Great
strengthened Russia.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
Peter the Great a Russian tsar who took
control of government in 1689 and used his power to modernize Russia
westernization the adoption of Western ideas,
technology, and culture
autocratic ruling with unlimited authority
boyar a landowning noble
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
warm-water port a port that is free of ice
all year
St. Petersburg capital city and major port
that Peter the Great established in 1703
Catherine the Great Russian empress as of
1762 who embraced Western ideas and ruled as an absolute monarch
partition divide up
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did Peter the Great and Catherine
the Great strengthen Russia and expand its territory? Russia was still a medieval state in the 1600s, after having suffered a period of disorder and invasions. In the late 1600s, Peter the Great came to power and worked to modernize the nation. Catherine the Great continued his efforts.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peter the Great took control of Russian
government and set out to modernize it. He traveled to European cities in 1697.
There, he learned about
new technologies and was impressed by Parliament in England.
Peter brought back experts from Western Europe
to help his policy of westernization. To force the change, he was very autocratic, ruling with unlimited authority.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peter worked to control the Russian clergy
and nobility. He put the Russian Orthodox Church under his control. He made the boyars serve the state, shave their traditional beards, and switch to Westernstyle dress. In return, he strengthened serfdom.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peter was not
afraid to use force to reach his goal.
Peters reforms were both social and economic.
If anyone revolted, he had them killed. He adopted mercantilist policies to pay for his reforms. He imported technology, improved schools, improved canals, and developed new industries.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peter also sought to expand Russias borders so
that it could have a warm-water port. To this end, he built the largest army in Europe as well as a world-class navy. Peter was not able to push through the Ottoman Empire to get his warm-water port. By the end of the eighteenth century, Catherine the Great would finally achieve this goal.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peter started a war against Sweden in 1700.
He defeated them in 1709 and gained territory along the Baltic Sea. There, he built a new capital city, St. Petersburg, to rival any in Europe. It became a symbol of Peters goal of modernizing Russia.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
During this time, Russia also expanded
eastward. Peter signed a treaty with China that recognized Russias claim to lands north of China. He hired Vitus Bering to explore the strait between Siberia and Alaska. These expansions made Russia the worlds largest country. It remains so today.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peter the Great left a mixed legacy.
Positives
Negatives
Ended Russias isolation
Reforms died with him
Expanded Russias territory and gained ports on the Baltic Sea Built a big army
Used terror to enforce
his will Policies led to the growth of serfdom
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Russia expanded its territory between 1689 and 1796.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peter died without an heir and a power struggle ensued.
Russian nobles became more and more independent.
Then a new monarch took power. She came to be known as Catherine the Great.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Catherine was a German princess who wed the
heir to the Russian throne in 1745. In 1762, a group of army officers deposed her mentally unstable husband. With their support, Catherine took the throne as empress of Russia. Catherine proved an effective and able absolute monarch.
She embraced Western ideas.
She reorganized government and codified laws. She opened state-sponsored schools for children.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
She could also be ruthless.
Peasants revolted against the harsh conditions of serfdom.
Catherine repressed the rebellion and even more peasants were forced into serfdom.
Along with King Frederick II and Emperor
Joseph II of Austria, Catherine partitioned Poland and took control of its eastern lands in 1772, removing the state from the map.
