This document discusses analysis of a three-hinged arch structure. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes which include explaining arch functions, determining support reactions and internal forces. It then defines arches and their types before focusing on the parabolic arch equation. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating support reactions, internal forces like axial force, shear force and bending moment at various points along parabolic arch structures. Diagrams for these internal forces are also drawn in one example.
This document discusses analysis of a three-hinged arch structure. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes which include explaining arch functions, determining support reactions and internal forces. It then defines arches and their types before focusing on the parabolic arch equation. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating support reactions, internal forces like axial force, shear force and bending moment at various points along parabolic arch structures. Diagrams for these internal forces are also drawn in one example.
This document discusses analysis of a three-hinged arch structure. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes which include explaining arch functions, determining support reactions and internal forces. It then defines arches and their types before focusing on the parabolic arch equation. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating support reactions, internal forces like axial force, shear force and bending moment at various points along parabolic arch structures. Diagrams for these internal forces are also drawn in one example.
This document discusses analysis of a three-hinged arch structure. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes which include explaining arch functions, determining support reactions and internal forces. It then defines arches and their types before focusing on the parabolic arch equation. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating support reactions, internal forces like axial force, shear force and bending moment at various points along parabolic arch structures. Diagrams for these internal forces are also drawn in one example.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 37
BAA2113
THEORY OF STRUCTURE SESSION 2013/2014 SEMESTER I
CHAPTER 6 THREE PINNED ARCH EN MOHAMMAD AMIRULKHAIRI BIN ZUBIR
Learning outcomes. At the end of the lesson, student should be able to: Explain the function of arch Describe the function of arch Determine the reaction at support for three arch structure Determine the internal forces at any point at arch structure Draw shear force, axial force and bending moment diagram
What is the arch ?
Shape Function Types Arches can be polygonal, circular, parabolic, eliptical and any other curved shape Arches are shaped to take load above them and developed only compression A 3 hinge arch usualy has hinges at 2 springing and at the crown- it is statically determinate
2 hinged arches are more practical but it is
statically indeterminate
crown hinge
Springingline
FUNCTIONS OF ARCH
Arches have been used for a very long
time to span large distance i.e bridges/building to carry transverse loading efficiently. Arch carries most of the load axially with bending moment greatly reduced due to the curvature of the arch
TYPES OF ARCH Due to support system
(a) (a)
(a)
Two-hinge arch
Fixed arch
Three-hinge arch (a)
Tied arch
TYPES OF ARCH Due to its shape
(a)
parabolic arch
(a)
Triangular arch
Equation of parabolic arch
yc=h
L/2
L/2
x L
y= kx ( L- x Parabolic equation ) When x = L/2 , y = yc sub into enq. yc=k (L/2) ( L- L/2 ) = kL2/4 Therefore
dy dx 4hx but y 2 ( L x) L 4hxL 4hx 2 2 2 L L 4hx 4hx 2
2 L L dy 4h 2(4h) x Slope
dx L L2 4h 8hx
2 L L 4h 2 ( L 2 x) L Slope
Where, tan -1 slope
Example 1
Calculate the reaction at support A
and B as shown in figure below.
Solution Draw FBD
Consider the whole structure
130(5) 140(10) 150(15) VB (40) 0
VB 107.5kN
VA 130 140 150 107.5 0
VA 312.5kN
Now, consider segment
CB
107.5(20) H B (8) 0 H B 268.75kN Hence, H A 268.75kN
The axial force, N shear force, Q and
bending moment, M in the arch rib
Shear force must be parallel to the cross
section surface, whilst the axial force must be perpendicular to the shear force. The positive were shown in figure below.
Example 2
Determine the internal forces at the
points D and E in the three hinge parabolic arch as shown in figure below.
Solution Apply equation of equilibrium, consider the whole structure then taking moment about A and B.
V A 60kN , VB 20kN
Consider RHS or LHS, take moment about
C is equal to zero
H 40kN
Consider segment CD 4hx ( L x) L2 4(2.5)(2.5)
(10 2.5) 10 2 1.875m 4h Slope 2 ( L 2 x) L 4(2.5)
(10 2(2.5)) 10 2 0. 5 yD
tan 1 (0.5) 26.57 o Resolving in Q direction Q 40 sin( 26.57) 60 cos(26.57) 40 cos(26.57) 0 Q 0.003kN
Consider segment CD 4hx ( L x) L2 4(2.5)(2.5)
(10 2.5) 10 2 1.875m 4h Slope 2 ( L 2 x) L 4(2.5)
(10 2(2.5)) 10 2 0. 5 yD
tan 1 (0.5) 26.57 o Resolving in N direction N 40 cos(26.57) 60 sin( 26.57) 40 sin(26.57) 0 N 44.72kN
Consider segment CD 4hx ( L x) L2 4(2.5)(2.5)
(10 2.5) 10 2 1.875m 4h Slope 2 ( L 2 x) L 4(2.5)
(10 2(2.5)) 10 2 0. 5 yD
tan 1 (0.5) 26.57 o Bending moment
2.5 M D 40( ) 60(2.5) 40(1.875) 0 2 M D 25kNm
Example 3
Determine the bending moment at 25
m from the right hand support B and axial and shear force at point D and E.
Solution
Calculate YE
4(15)(10) (60 10) 2 60 8.33m
yE
Consider whole structure
M
VB (60) 8(10) 10(20)(10 20) 5(8.33) 0
VB 100.64kN
VA 100.64 8 10(20) 0 VA 107.36kN
Consider RHS of the arch, taking moment at C
is equal to zero.
100.64(30) 10(10)(5) 5(15 8.33) H B (15) 0
H B 165.72kN
H A 165.72 5 0 H A 170.72kN
Calculate the bending moment at 25 m from
support , say point F
4(15)(25) yF (60 25) 2 60 14.58m
M F 100.64(25) 165.72(14.58) 5(14.58 8.33) 10(5)(2.5) 0 M F 56.45kNm
At point D (with point load)
Resolving in Q direction Q 170.72 sin(33.67) 107.36 cos(33.67) 8 cos(33.67) 0 Q 12.03kN Resolving in N direction N 170.72 cos(33.67) 107.36 sin(33.67) 8 sin(33.67) 0 N 197.16kN
At point F (with point load)
Resolving in Q direction Q 100.64 cos(33.67) 165.72 sin(33.67) 5 sin(33.67) 0 Q 10.96kN Resolving in N direction N 100.64 sin(33.67) 165.72 cos(33.67) 5 cos(33.67) 0 N 197.87 kN
Example 4 Determine the reactions at supports and bending moment under the load
Solution l1 r 1 l2 r2 20 r 1 40 16 r1 4m
y A 16 4 12m
Or 4hx ( L x) L2 4(16)(10) yA (40 10) 40 2 y A 12m yA
Consider the whole structure. Taking moment
at A is equal zero
80(5) 100(20) VB (30) H B (12) 0
30VB 12 H B 2400 ......................... (i )
Consider RHS, taking moment at C is equal to
zero
100(10) VB (20) H B (16) 0
20VB 16 H B 1000 .......................(ii )
Resolving by using calculator
VB 110 kN H B 75kN
Apply static equation
VA 110 80 100 0 VA 70kN
H A H B 75kN
Consider LHS, taking moment under load
80kN 4hx y80 2 ( L x) L 4(16)(15)
(40 15) 2 40 15m ' y80 15 12 3m
80
M 80 70(5) 75(3) 0 M 80 125kNm
Consider RHS, taking moment under load
100kN 4hx y100 2 ( L x) L 4(16)(10)
(40 10) 2 40 12m
100
M 100 75(12) 110 (10) 0
M 100 200kNm
Example 5
Draw shear force, bending moment and axial
force diagram for the parabolic arch shown in figure below.
