GROUP 1 :
Andari Yuta Palwa
Lian Elvani
Muhammad
Nyayu Halimah Tussakdiah
Siti Rahma Yanti
Hasni Kesuma Ratih
Definition
Toxic is the ability of a substance to
cause harmful health effects.
The Toxic Effect
1. Route of exposure
2. Dose
3. Duration
4. Affection in Future Generation
Inhalation
Skin Contact
Eye Contact
Ingestion
the level (concentration) of chemical in
the air,
how hard (fast and deep) you are
breathing, which depends on your
degree of physical exertion,
how much of the chemical that is
inhaled stays in your lungs or is absorbed
into your bloodstream, and
how long the exposure lasts.
1.
2.
3.
Acute
Chronic
Affection in future Generation
acute
Occurs immediately or soon after
exposure (short latency).
Often involves a high exposure
(large dos over a short period.
Often reversible after exposure
stops.
Can be minor or severe. For
example, a small amount of
ammonia can cause throa or eye
irritation; larger amounts can be
serious or even fatal.
Relationship between chemical
exposure and symptoms is
generally, although not always,
obvious. Knowledge often based on
human exposure.
chronic
Occurs over time or long after
exposure (long latency)
Often involves low exposures
(small doses over a long period.
Many effects are not reversible.
Chronic effects are still unknown
for many chemicals. For example,
most chemicals have not been
tested for cancer or reproductive
effects.
It may be difficult to establish the
relationship between chemical
exposure an illness because of the
long time delay or latency period.
Knowledge often based on animal
studies.
No
Form
Definition
Example
1
2
3
Solid
Liquid
Gas
A material that retains its form.
A liquid is a material that flows freely.
A gas consists of individual chemical molecules
dispersed in air, at normal temperature and pressure.
Stone
Water
Oxygen, carbon
monoxide, etc.
Vapor
Dust
The gas form of a substance that is primarily a liquid Most
organic
at normal pressure and temperature.
solvents
A dust consists of small solid particles in the air.
Grain dust
Fume
Fiber
Mist
Nanoparticles
A fume consists of very small, fine solid particles in
the air which form when solid chemicals (often
metals) are heated to very high temperatures,
evaporate to vapor, and finally become solid again
a solid particle whose length is at least three times its
width. The degree of hazard depends upon the size of
the fiber.
A mist consists of liquid particles of various sizes,
which are produced by agitation or spraying of liquids.
Metal fumes
Asbestos
The spraying of
pesticides and
the machining of
metals
These extremely small particles, measuring 1 - 100 carbon
nanometers in diameter (a nanometer is 1 billionth of a nanotubes
meter), are engineered for useful properties that differ (hollow fibers)
from ordinary materials.
and metal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Metal
Solvent
Alcohol,glycole
Toxic Gases
Karsinogenic
Vinyl Chloride
Pesticide
: Pb, Cd, Cr, As, P
: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Chloroform,
: Helium,Argon, Carbon Monoxide,
Nitrogen oxide, Sulphuric Oxide
: Asbestos,Benzene,Naphtalamine,
: Carbamates
skull
1.
Eye, Face Protection and Respiratory
Examples of potential eye or face injuries include:
Dust, dirt, metal or wood chips entering the eye from activities such as
chipping, grinding, sawing, hammering, the use of power tools or even strong
wind forces.
Chemical splashes from corrosive substances, hot liquids, solvents or other
hazardous solutions.
Objects swinging into the eye or face, such as tree limbs, chains, tools or
ropes.
Radiant energy from welding, harmful rays from the use of lasers or other
radiant light (as well as heat, glare, sparks, splash and flying particles).
2. Hand and Arm Protection
Body Protection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Before you store hazardous chemicals
Before storing hazardous chemicals, check the
label for advice about storage and:
assess the quantity of the substance to be stored
assess how long you need to store the substance for
identify the toxicity and stability of the substance
check the state of the containers (only use original
containers - never use food containers)
check the state of the labels (replace labels if they
have come off)
consider storing chemicals in a depot with a bund or
some other spill containment system (where
possible).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
How to store hazardous chemicals safely
Once you are ready to store hazardous chemicals, you
should:
ensure safe design, location and installation of storage and
handling systems (e.g. racking systems, tanks)
separate incompatible substances to prevent reactive
chemicals interacting
control potential ignition sources around flammable substances
have appropriate safety signage and placards
be prepared for spill containment and have clean up systems
have emergency plans in place to deal with an incident
involving the hazardous chemicals
have the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and
store it correctly (e.g. respirators sealed)
have fire-fighting equipment that is easily accessible
secure chemicals from unauthorized access
