Globalization
Globalization
Globalization
TABLE 1 GLOBALIZATION ACCORDING TO SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES DISCIPLINES Periodizing Globalization: Histories of Globalization, Nederveen Pieterse, 2012
Disciplines
Political science, international relations Development studies Geography Economics
Time
1980
Agency, domain
Internationalization of the state, INGOs IMF, World Bank Space, place
Keywords
Competitor states, postinternational politics, global civil society Debt crisis, structural adjustment policies Local-global interactions, glocalization Global corporation, world product, global value chains. New economy, sovereign wealth funds Global village, McDonaldization, Disneyfication, hybridization Global problems, global ethics Capitalism, industrialism, urbanization, nation states Conquest of the world market
1970
Multinational corporations, technologies, banks, finance, hedge funds Media, film, advertising, ICT
3000 BCE
Time
TABLE 2 MAJOR PERSPECTIVES ON START OF GLOBALIZATION Periodizing Globalization: Histories of Globalization, Nederveen Pieterse, 2012
Time Frame
Short 1970
Dynamics of Globalization
Production and transport technologies, form of enterprises, value chains, marketing; cultural flows Modernity
Disciplines
Economics, political science, cultural and communication Studies Sociology
Medium
1800
1500
Long 3000 BCE
Political economy
History, anthropology, archaeology
TABLE 3 APPROACHES TO GLOBAL HISTORY Periodizing Globalization: Histories of Globalization, Nederveen Pieterse, 2012
Approaches
Eurocentric history World history
Sources
Mainstream, Bayly Toynbee, Barraclough, McNeill, etc. Lieberman Wallerstein, Cioffi-Revilla Frank/Gills Chase-Dunn/ Anderson, Friedman Labianca/ Scham, Jennings Thompson, Modelski
World-system studies
Modern world-system from 1500 A single world system 5,000 years Comparative world-system studies
TABLE 4 THRESHOLDS OF GLOBALIZATION Periodizing Globalization: Histories of Globalization, Nederveen Pieterse, 2012
Time
1980s 1960s 1820s 1571 1500 1200 500 1000 BCE 3000 BCE
Criterion
Information and communication technologies, containerization; end of Cold War Multinational corporations Convergence of commodity prices across continents All major zones of the world connected by trade The emergence of a world economy
Sources
General
Commercial ties that link a large portion of the world Trade linking multiple regions Innovations, diffusion of technology, information
4200 BCE
Development of cities
TABLE 5 PHASES OF GLOBALIZATION Periodizing Globalization: Histories of Globalization, Nederveen Pieterse, 2012
Phases
Eurasian globalization Afro-Eurasian Oriental globalization 1 Oriental globalization 2 Multicentric Euro-Atlantic 20C globalization
Start time
3000 BCE 1000 BCE 500 CE 1100 1500 1800 1950
Central nodes
Eurasia Greco-Roman world, West Asia, East Africa Middle East East and South Asia and multicentric Atlantic expansion Euro-Atlantic economy US, Europe, Japan: Trilateral globalization East Asia, BRICS, emerging societies, petro Economies
Dynamics
Agricultural and urban revolutions, migrations, trade, ancient empires Commercial revolution Emergence of a world economy, caravan trade Productivity, technology, urbanization; Silk Routes Triangular trade, Americas Industrialization, colonial division of labor Multinational corporations, (end of) cold war, global value chains New geography of trade, global Rebalancing
21C globalization
2000