E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01007 (2023) https://doi.org/10.
1051/e3sconf/202343001007
ICMPC 2023
Modeling and Development of Wireless Power
Transmission System for Electric Vehicles
Vinay Kumar Awaar1*, Sandhya Rani M.N2, Sai Vignesh Bellal3, Ganesh Kumar Kurva4,
Madhu Kirola5, D Baloji6
1,2,3,4Gokaraju
Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
5Uttaranchal
Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, INDIA.
6KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to develop a sustainable
Wireless power transmission (WPT) model. WPT is the technique of
transferring electric energy from a power source to a load without any
contact between them. This process can be done through different methods
using different topologies, which include Series Series (SS), Series Parallel
(SP), Parallel Series (PS), and Parallel Parallel (PP). One of the most widely
used methods in WPT is inductive power transfer. The main advantages of
WPT – it allows charging for multiple devices, has high charging speeds,
low cost, less maintenance, and higher efficiency than wired charging.
Despite significant advancements in charging solutions, the system still has
various issues, such as coil position, the number of receiving coils, the
distance between transmitter and receiver coils, high initial cost, and impacts
on its sustainability. This paper discusses the simulation model of the WPT
model using SS topology in the JMAG software and analyzes the effect of
the position of coils and distance between transmitter and receiver coils on
the output. This simulation model can further be used to build a prototype
for charging EV batteries.
1 Introduction
Wireless power transmission (WPT) transfers electric energy from a source to a load without
physical connectors or cables. It allows for power transfer over short or long distances
without a direct electrical connection. The concept of sustainable WPT has been around for
a long time, but technological advances have made it more practical and efficient [1]. The
basic principle behind WPT is using electromagnetic fields to transfer energy. This can be
achieved through different processes like electromagnetic induction, and resonant coupling.
WPT has several benefits; it eliminates the need for physical connectors and cables, reduces
clutter, and simplifies the charging process. It also provides convenience and flexibility,
charging devices without direct contact [5].
__________________________________________
* Vinay Kumar Awaar: vinaykumaar.a@gmail.com
Additionally, WPT can be implemented in various environments, including homes,
offices, public spaces, and even electric vehicle charging stations. However, there are also
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01007 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001007
ICMPC 2023
challenges associated with WPT. The efficiency of power transfer is one of the main issues.
Another issue is safety, as the technology has to operate by stringent guidelines to ensure that
electromagnetic radiation poses no health risks. Despite these challenges, WPT has gained
significant attention and development recently. It has been used in various sectors, including
automotive, healthcare, industrial automation, and consumer electronics [1]. Research and
development in sustainable wireless power transmission (WPT) have the potential to
revolutionize the way we power and charge our electronic devices, paving the way for a more
convenient and wire-free future.
Fig 1. Wireless Power Transmission
2 Wireless Power Transmission
2.1 Block Diagram of Wireless Power Transmission
The wireless power transmission block diagram generally comprises the following
components, with a corresponding illustration in Fig 2 [4].
2.1.1 Components of Wireless Power Transmission
Power Source: The power source generates electrical energy that will be transmitted
wirelessly. This can be a power grid, a generator, or a renewable energy source like solar
panels. Power Conversion: The electrical energy from the power source is converted
into a suitable form for wireless transmission. Transmitter: The transmitter coil creates
an electromagnetic field to transfer electricity to the receiver. Receiver: The receiver coil
receives the electromagnetic field and converts the received energy into a suitable form
for the load. Load: It is the device or system that consumes the transmitted power. It can
be any electrical device, such as smartphones, laptops, or EV batteries.
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E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01007 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001007
ICMPC 2023
Fig 2. Block diagram of Wireless Power Transmission
2.2 Topologies of Wireless Power Transmission
2.2.1 Circuit Diagram
Topology is the term that refers to the arrangement of components in the circuit. WPT can
be arranged using four different topologies- SS, SP, PS, and PP. In this project, SS and SP
topologies are used to perform the simulation of the sustainable WPT model [1][10]. The
connections between the SS and SP topologies are displayed in Fig. 3 below. In the SS
topology, the primary and secondary inductors are connected in series with the capacitor. In
the SP configuration, a capacitor is connected in series with the primary inductor, while
another is connected in parallel with the secondary inductor [2]. These circuit designs are
intended to cancel out the reactive components of the transferred power, hence increasing
power transfer efficiency. The design of the primary and secondary circuits (using inductors
and capacitors) aims to enhance power transfer. This is done by using less apparent power
from the source, ensuring that active power is effectively transmitted to the load, making
everything operate successfully [9].
Fig 3. Circuit Topologies (a) SS type (b) SP type
2.2.2 Operation
When an alternating current (AC) is applied to the primary circuit in the SS configuration,
the primary inductor generates a changing magnetic field. This magnetic field induces an
alternating voltage across the secondary inductor, facilitating power transfer.
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E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01007 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001007
ICMPC 2023
The series capacitors in the SS topology aid in achieving resonance and canceling out
reactive power, thereby improving power transfer efficiency. While the SP configuration
series capacitor in the primary circuit contributes to resonance, the parallel capacitor in the
secondary circuit aids in impedance matching and reactive power compensation [7]. Both
topologies are designed to optimize power transfer, improve efficiency, and ensure effective
energy transmission in WPT systems.
The below-given equations are used to calculate the primary capacitance, secondary
capacitance, and load parameters of SS and SP topologies [1] for sustainable wireless power
transmission.
For SS topology:
1
𝐶𝑃 = 𝜔2 𝐿 (1)
𝑃
1
𝐶𝑠 = (2)
𝜔 2 𝐿𝑠
𝜔 𝐿𝑠
𝑅𝐿 = 𝑄𝑠
(3)
For SP topology:
1
𝐶𝑃 = 𝑀2
(4)
𝜔 2 [𝐿 𝑃− 𝐿 ]
𝑠
1
𝐶𝑠 = 𝜔2 𝐿 (5)
𝑠
𝑅𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿𝑠 𝑄𝑠 (6)
Where,
ω=Angular frequency (Hz),
Lp=Primary Inductance (H),
Ls=Secondary Inductance (H),
M=Mutual Inductance (H),
Cp=Primary Capacitance (F),
Cs=Secondary Capacitance (F),
Qs=Secondary Quality Factor,
RL=Load (Ohm).
3 Simulation Models of Wireless Power Transmission
3.1 Simulation for Basic Model of WPT
For the simulation of sustainable wireless power transmission, JMAG software is used. In
this simulation model, the core, primary, and secondary coils are designed in the geometry
window. Then designed model will be interfaced with the circuit in the JMAG designer
window. The imported model and circuit of this model are shown in Fig 4. The simulation is
performed at seven different positions of the secondary coil from the primary coil. The output
results of this model are shown in Fig 5.
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E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01007 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001007
ICMPC 2023
(a) (b)
Fig 4. (a) Imported model & (b) Circuit of the basic model of WPT
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Fig 5. (a) Efficiency table, (b) Efficiency graph, (c) Flux path at case 1, (d) Flux path at
case 7 for the basic model of WPT
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E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01007 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001007
ICMPC 2023
3.2 Simulation of WPT using SS topology
In this simulation model, the SS topology circuit is used to interface with the imported model
in the JMAG designer. The imported model and circuit are shown in Fig 6. Furthermore, the
output results of this model are shown in Fig 7.
(a) (b)
Fig 6. (a) Imported model, (b) Circuit of WPT using SS topology
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Fig 7. (a) Efficiency table, (b) Efficiency graph, (c) Flux path at case 1, (d) Flux path at
case 7 of WPT using SS topology
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E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01007 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001007
ICMPC 2023
4 Conclusion
The simulation model of the proposed method is developed using JMAG software for the
basic model of WPT using SS topology. The output efficiency and flux path for both
simulation models were observed. Furthermore, when the simulation results of the SS topology
model and PS topology model are compared, the results are better in the SS topology than
the PS topology. Through this study, it was observed that efficiency improved as the distance
between the primary and secondary coils decreased, whereas efficiency decreased when the
distance was increased. Moreover, according to the research, SS topology is preferable for
sustainable wireless power transmission.
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