Class 10 SST - Economics Chapter 1: Development
What is Development?
Development refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of
people.
Key Aspects:
- Increase in income
- Better education and health facilities
- Equal treatment and freedom
- Security and respect for others
Development Goals
Common Goals: Income, freedom, equality, security, respect, and friendship.
Different Goals: Individuals may prioritize different aspects; for example, a farmer may desire better
irrigation, while an urban worker may seek improved public transport.
Conflicting Goals: Development for one may be detrimental to another; for instance, building a dam
may provide electricity but displace local communities.
Income and Other Criteria
Per Capita Income: Average income per person; used to compare economic development between
countries.
Limitations: Does not account for income distribution or non-monetary aspects like health and
education.
Public Facilities: Essential services provided by the government, such as schools, hospitals, and
sanitation.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Components:
- Life Expectancy (Health)
- Mean Years of Schooling (Education)
- Gross National Income per Capita (Standard of Living)
Purpose: Provides a composite measure of development beyond just income.
Sustainable Development
Definition: Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet theirs.
Examples:
- Overuse of groundwater leading to scarcity.
- Deforestation causing environmental imbalance.
Importance: Ensures long-term environmental health and resource availability.
