Development (Class 10 Economics)
1. What is Development?
Development means progress that improves people’s lives.
It includes things like better jobs, higher income, good health, education, and a
clean environment.
It’s not just about money – it’s about improving overall quality of life.
2. Different People, Different Goals
Everyone has their own idea of what "development" means, based on what they need or
want.
Material Goals: Some people want more income, better jobs, or a bigger house.
Non-material Goals: Others might want things like respect, freedom, or a safe life.
Example: A worker might want a better salary, but they may also want safer working
conditions.
3. Importance of Both Income and Other Factors
Income is important because it helps people buy basic needs like food and shelter.
Other Goals: Development also includes having respect, safety, and happiness.
True development happens when people have both money and a good quality of life.
4. National Development
This refers to the progress of an entire country.
National development aims to improve everyone’s lives, not just a few people.
Example: Building more schools and hospitals to improve education and health for
everyone.
5. Comparing Different Countries or States
Per Capita Income: Average income per person in a country. It helps compare
countries but has limits.
Other Indicators: Health, education, and life expectancy are also important in
measuring development.
Example: A country might be rich, but if it lacks good healthcare, it’s not fully
developed.
6. Income Alone Isn’t Enough
Health: Clean water, hospitals, and good food are needed for a healthy life.
Education: Schools and the ability to read and write are essential.
Public Facilities: Access to clean water, electricity, and good housing also
matter.
Development is about both income and these basic needs.
7. Human Development Index (HDI)
HDI measures overall well-being, not just income.
Main Parts of HDI:
Income (average earnings per person)
Health (life expectancy)
Education (schooling and literacy)
Higher HDI means a better quality of life.
8. Sustainable Development
Sustainability: Development that doesn’t harm the environment or resources for
future generations.
We need to use resources carefully, like water, forests, and energy.
Sustainable development means balancing growth with taking care of the earth.
9. Why Sustainability Matters
Resource Overuse: Using too much water or cutting too many trees can damage the
environment.
Pollution: Factories, cars, and cities pollute the air and water, which affects
health.
Climate Change: Burning fossil fuels increases global warming, affecting crops and
weather.
Sustainable development is essential to protect our planet and people’s future.
10. Developed vs. Developing Countries
Developed Countries: Rich countries with high income and good health, education,
and living conditions.
Developing Countries: Countries like India that are still improving their income
and facilities.
Developing countries work on raising their quality of life to match developed
nations.
11. Role of Public and Private Sectors
Public Sector (Government): Provides healthcare, education, safety, and
infrastructure like roads.
Private Sector (Businesses): Creates jobs, products, and wealth, helping the
economy grow.
Development happens when both sectors work together for people’s welfare.
12. Summary
Development means improving quality of life with both income and essential
services.
It should be sustainable, meaning it doesn’t harm the environment or resources for
future generations.
True development includes economic growth, environmental care, and fairness for
everyone.
