Exercise Guide
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ScribdTranslationsUniversity of Bío-Bío.
Department of Statistics.
Statistics and probabilities
Professor Marcos Peña
Guide 2
1. Determine a sample space for each of the following experiments
a) Toss a coin three times
b) Choose a random real number within the interval [-1,1] and then square it.
c) Randomly place two distinguishable balls in four numbered cells
d) Place two indistinguishable balls at random in four numbered cells.
e) Observe the final score of a football game
2. Determine a random experiment for the following sample spaces
a) A = {0, 1, 2, ...}
b) A = {0, ∞}
c) A = {0,1}
3. Prove that P(A−B) = P(B)−P(A∩B)
4. Sean A and B mutually exclusive events such that P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.2. Find
a) P(A∪B)
b)P(A c )
c) P(A c∩B)
d ) P ( A ∩ B c)
5. Decide if the statement is false or true. Justify in each case.
a) If P(A) = 0, then P(A∩B) = 0
b) If P(A) = P(B), then A = B
c) If P(A) ≤ P(B), then A ⊂ B
6. Suppose that the events A and B are such that P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.4.
Determine
a) P(A∩B)
b) P(A c )
c) P(A c∩B)
d ) P ( A ∩ B c)
1
In a class of 60 students, it is known that:
25 likes to study mathematics
28 likes to study language
10 likes to study both subjects
If a student is chosen randomly, find the probability that they like studying:
a) The two subjects
Only mathematics
Only language
At least one of these subjects
e) None of the two subjects.
8. Suppose that two dice are thrown and consider the events A: the sum of the two numbers is
4 yB: the number on the second die is greater than or equal to the first. Find P(A), P(B)
P(A∩B)
9. In World War II, one of the first attempts at operations research.
In Great Britain, efforts were focused on establishing patterns for submarine searches from flights.
of squadrons or through a single airplane. For some time, the trend was to concentrate the
flights on the coasts, as it was thought that the highest number of sightings occurred there. The
research group studied 1000 flight records of a single plane with the following
results.
On the beach Off the coast Total
Observation 80 20 100
No observation 820 80 900
Total departures 900 100 1000
What is the probability that there was a sighting given that it was a trip on the coast?
What is the probability that there was no sighting given that it was an offshore outing?
10. Diseases I and II are common among the people of a certain population. It is assumed that 10%
15% of the population will contract the disease at some point in their life, and 15% will eventually contract it.
the disease II and 3% will contract both.
a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen person from this population contracts
at least one disease.
2
b) Find the probability that a randomly selected person does not contract any of
the two diseases.
11. Suppose that in a factory, 50% of its production is for the domestic market, 40%
It is for the South American market and the remaining 10% is for the European market. Assume
Furthermore, 5% of the production that goes to the National Market has some type of defect, and
the same happens with the 2% that goes to the South American market and with the 1% that goes to the market
European. If a piece produced by this factory is chosen at random.
a) Find the probability that it is defective.
b) If the chosen piece is defective, find the probability that it was designated for
the national market.
12. A government agency conducts a survey to learn about the citizens' opinion on
about a new environmental policy and determines whether the opinion depends on the place of residence
of the respondents. For this, a sample of 900 households was taken interviewing the head of
home. The following results were obtained:
Approve Policy
Place of residence If No Total Indecision
Urban Zone 270 230 75 575
Rural Area 160 140 25 325
Total 430 370 100 900
a) What is the probability that someone lives in an urban area and agrees with the policy?
government environmental? (5 points)
b) Is the urban area and agreement with environmental policy statistically inde-
pending? (10 points)
13. 30% of the students who enter a certain university come from municipal education.
out of school, 40% of subsidized schools and the rest private schools. It is also known
that 15% of the students come from municipalized education, 25%
of those coming from subsidized schools and 40% of those coming from schools
particular ones are women. If a student is selected at random from this university:
a) If it is known that she is a woman, calculate the probability that she comes from municipal education.
principalized.
b) If it is known that he is a man, calculate the probability that he comes from a private school.
14. Three machines, A, B, and C, produce 45%, 30%, and 25%, respectively, of the total pieces.
produced in a factory. The percentages of defective production of these machines are from
3
3%, 4%, and 5%. We randomly take a piece and it turns out to be defective; calculate the probability.
having been produced by machine B.
