Venn diagrams 1. Let P(A) =0.5, P(B) = 0.7, P(A 4.8) = 0.4, find the probability that... a) Either A or B will occur b) Neither A nor B will occur G3) ¢) Awill occur, and B does not occur d) Awill occur, given that B has occurred BS = MAD. A. 44: (574) Psy ) A.will occur, given that B has not occurred PA\B)= Hane). | = (433%) wie). Se = 2. Let P(AnB)=2 P(ana)=2 P(AnB)= 4 A B Ob), 6 a) P(aos)= G 8 Pun)» vO) PER) ~ POS OR) pee) eee °c) Are A and B au exclusive (disjoint)? Explain. No! P(AMP) 70 d) Are A andB ure Explain. TA) = PUAIB)= Ze 8y No!3. Ina large Statistics class, 20% of the class eamed an "A" on the first exam, 25% eared an "A’ on the second exam and 18% eamed an “A” on both exams. if a student is drawn at random from this class, what is the probability of each of the following? nd a) The person eared an A on at least one exam. b) The person earned an A on exactly one of the exams. AB ©) The person earned an A on the second test, given that he earned an A on the first. Av . 20 Cb d) The person did not earn an Aon either of theexams, Jn. = av Let F = the event that the student earned an A on the first exam and S = the event that the person earned an A on the second exam. e) Are F and S disjoint? Expiain V some Students (\te/:) RAY No! 9 ANS on both! f) Are F and $ independent? Explain PLE) = 20 wo! elsy= las = vt 4, Ata large high school, 30% of the students take Calculus. Of those taking Calculus, 80% also take Physics. Also, 66.5% of the students take neither course. If a student is drawn at random from this school, what is the probability of each of the following? a) The student takes Physics but not Calculus. 03S b) The student takes Calculus but nat Physics. ©) The student takes at least one of the courses. 3S 4) The student takes exactly one of the two courses. OFS ) The student takes Calculus, given that he/she takes Physics, Wars =C3121» sdgat.chos take Calculus 9) Fixes a im, biti ATO Laks lus?Tree Diagrams 1. A study found that on a given day 72% of women and 46% of men made their beds. In the U.S. women comprise 52% of adits Find the folowing: v0 lye 3744 a ie don't USO 4S Aw marerloced , 2208 Amen Ww et te LUSQe a) The percentage of all adults who are men and made their beds. . 1100 b) The percentage of all adults who are women and made their beds, .3744 c) The percentage of all adults who made their beds. SASL d) Ifa person has made their bed, what is the probability that that person is a woman? P(woman|moare bed) = 3744 _ 7 wast * |: 6240 2, Microcomputers are shipped to the University bookstore from three factories A, B, and C. You know that factory A produces 20% defective microcomputers, whereas B produces 10% defectives and C only 5% defectives. The manager in the store receives a new shipment of microcomputers and discovers that 40% are from factory C, 40% are from factory B, and 20% are from factory A. We aef . sph <9 cok Ne dog 04 a0 nor 38 2 def .0% SAS pot .2 -O44,04F 00 = b) Are the events “microcomputer comes from factory A” and “microcomputer comes from factory B" mutually exclusive? Are they independent? P(A ond 8) =P( AIP(B) toe ges! PAand 8-0 6= 61 aT) c) Suppose the manager randomly selects one microcomputer, and discovers that it is eee defective. What is the cee . it came from factory A? P(A | def) = wt) 2) What is the probability of finding a defective "Ac iter in this shipment?3. The marketing manager of a toy company is planning to introduce a new toy for the holiday shopping season. In the past, 65% of the new toys introduced by the company have been successful. Before the toy is actually marketed, research is conducted and a report, either favorable or unfavorabl compiled, In the past, 70% of the successful toys received favorable reports, and 20% of the unsuccessful toys also received favorable reports. What is the probability that the new toy will be successful ifit receives a favorable report? fov SS ae 14s Plsve| fas) = “Spot st Fav 07 ose — WSS#.07 net «18 4. A computer company has manufacturing plants in three states. 50% of their computers are manufactured in California, 85% o f these are desktops; 30% of the computers are manufactured in Texas, 40% of these are laptops; and the remaining 20% of the computers are manufactured in New York with 40% of these being desktops. All computers are first shipped to a distribution center in Nebraska before being sent out to stores. If you picked a computer at random from the Nebraska distribution center and found it was a laptop, what is the probability it was made in California? fornia’ 45D us 01s ss (OAL crx we + Successful =(13%) 5. Aconcert hall has 2000 seats on the main floor and 800 in the balcony. Forty percent of those in the balcony buy a souvenir program. Fifty percent of those on the main floor buy a souvenir program. Ata certain performance all seats are occupied. If an audience member is selected at random, what is the probability that the person purchased a program? H— S0uv shy Nd Heal ence in oni Berde Space suv 434,07 pad w] NR‘Two Way Tables 1. The table below gives the results of a survey of the smoking and drinking habits of 1200 college students. ‘Drink beer | Don'tdrink | Total ‘Smoke 315 165 ato Don't smoke 585 135 110 Total Goo 300 | {200 a) What is the probability that a randomly selected college student smokes? oS) W009 b) What is the probability that a randomly selected college student doesn’t drink? 350 300 1200 c) What is the probability that a randomly selected college student drinks, but doesn't smoke? ‘ies * (HBTS d) Of the students that smoke, what is the probability that a randomly selected college student also drinks? 4eO Ca» 2. A psychologist interested in right-handedness versus left-handedness and in IQ scores collected the following data from a random sample of 2000 high school students. Right-handed Left-handed Total High 1Q 180 20 200 | —_Normal IQ 1620 180 1800 Total 1800 100 2000 }) What is the probability that a Tt high school student has a high |Q? ” Hh @Q. B= b) What is the probability that a aE selected high school student has a high |Q given they are left-handed? Plhign \R\ eA) > > = CV) ¢) Are the events having a high IQ and left-handed independent? Explain. Yes! Plngh TR) = P(high 2 | Lett)3. A firm plans to test a new product in one randomly selected market area. The market areas can be categorized on the basis of location and population density. The proportion of markets in each category is presented in the following table, Population Density Location Urban (U) Rural (R) East (E 20 40 West (W) 16 24 Total w3le. 4 a) What is the probability that the test market selected is in the East? 60 b) What is the probability that the test market selected is Eastern and Urban? LO c) What is the probability that the test market selected is Eastern or urban? PE)+P(v) -P( enw) y+ .26-— .20 = (Wb d) What is the probability that if it is in the West, it is an urban area? Pv |w) = 7 = 4 e) Are wey picking an eastern region and Rural independent? Explain. Fels .& \ }O P(e \rural) = 4) oy eS: No. f) Are the events picking a western region and Rural mutually exclusive? Explain No! P(w andyvual )= 24 +0Multiple Choice 1) If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.25, and P(BIA) = 0.45, are A and B independent? A) yes B) cannot determine oO no 2) Assume that P(E) = 0.15 and P(F) = 0.48. If E and F are independent, find P(E and F). A) 0.630 B) 0.558 c) 0.15 @)oore 3) Given that events C and D are independent, P(C) = 0.3, and P(O) exclusive? PLCanAD)= 1D A) yes no ) cannot be determined 4) Given events A and B with probabilities P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.4, and P(A and B) = 0.2, are A and B independent? = 0.6, are C and D mutually A) cannot be determined 0 yes C) no 5) Given events A and B with probabilities P(A) = 0.75 and P(B) = 0.15, are A and B mutually exclusive? A) yes cannot be determined C)no 6) Spin a spinner numbered 1 to 7, and toss a coin. What is the probability of getting an odd number on the spinner and a tail on the coin? yp ae rmanmnran is} 3 2 %, an Zi ce D) a ; of ) None of above 7) Ajar contains 6 red balls, 3 green balls, 5 white balls, and 7 yellow balls. Two balls are chosen from the jar, with replacement. What is the probability that both balls are green? ae 5 2 OF WNonectabove ZI 21 8) In Problem“, what is the probability of getting ared and a yellow ball? (“7 3 13 ul ul B) > c) S D) None of above9) Four cards are chosen from a standard deck of 52 playing cards with replacement. What is 4 the probability of getting 4 hearts ———— 13 A) - 5) 2 att D) None of the above (a 52 16 56 = 10) A nationwide survey showed that 65% of all children in the United States dislike eating 4 vegetables. If 4 children are chosen at random, what is the probability that all 4 dislike eating vegetables? S ) © 18% B) 260% C) 2% D) None of the above 11) Only twenty percent of the applicants for new positions at a large software company are female. ‘Assuming that two positions will be filled independently of each other, what is the probability that both positions are filled by males? »* A) 0.20 B) 0.04 C) 0.96 (Boe ( 12) Suppose there are 60 students in a statistics class, of which 24 are female. If three students are selected without replacement to work problems at the board, what is the probability that all three students chosen are male? Sass Cams % IEIGE) @ eee For #13-16: If P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A B) = 0.25, whats... 3) P(AT) 2. Ar B) 06 ©) 0.75 D) 08 14) PUB)? ral “AWS A) 1.0 B) 0.85 (ors D) 0.65 15) P(AIB)? 1S ee & 062s 4B 067s ©) 078 D) 0.825 16) IF P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.3, and P(A B) = 0.15, then A) Aand B are dependent events. B) A and B are disjoint events. C) Aand B are mutually exclusive events. Ca and B are independent events,