ACME LABORATORIES

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIVE MEMORANDUM

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

PANDUIT CATEGORY 6

Engineering Manager

DATE
 INDEX

I INTRODUCTION. PAGE 3

II JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT. PAGE 5

III PROJECT DESCRIPTION PAGE 7

IV NORMS AND STANDARDS PAGE 10

V DIAGRAMS AND PLANS PAGE 13

VI FIELD NOTES PAGE 16

VII ANNEXES PAGE 19

VIII TESTS PAGE 37

 I

INTRODUCTION
I. INTRODUCTION

A structured cabling system consists of a flexible infrastructure of cables as a means of

transmission that can accept and support multiple computing systems, telephony, video, multimedia, etc.
regardless of who manufactured the components of it. In a structured cabling system,
Each workstation connects to a central point using a star topology, facilitating the
interconnection and system management. This provision allows communication with virtually
any device, anywhere and at any time. A well-designed cabling plan can
include different independent wiring solutions using different types of media installed in each
workstation to adapt to the operational requirements of the system.

The cabling systems used for telecommunications services have experienced a

constant evolution over the years. The wiring systems for telephones were a
opportunities specified and installed by telephone companies, while the cabling for data
It was determined by the computer equipment suppliers. After the division of the company.
AT&T in the United States made attempts to simplify the wiring by introducing a
more universal approach. Although these systems helped define the guidelines related to
Wiring, it was not until the publication of the standard on cable installation in buildings ANSI/EIA/TIA-568.
In 1991, the complete specifications were made available to guide the selection and installation of
the wiring systems.

Why a structured cabling system?

• Allows wiring without prior knowledge of the communication equipment

data that will be used (any environment).

• The laying of the cables is easy to manage (changes, additions, etc.).

• The faults are minor and easier to locate than in POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) systems.

Telephone System).

• The standardization of materials and installation practices that ensure durability.

and performance
 II
JUSTIFICATION
DEL
PROYECTO
IV. JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT.

Currently, the communication infrastructure of the laboratories is going through a stage of

reengineering due to the increasing number of convergent services based on IP that
they must be granted for the operation and use of the resources that the Company has
to achieve high efficiency. Because of this, standardization plays an important role.
So the communication project of ACME DF Laboratories must mark the
guideline in the development of physical infrastructure based on standards to provide a service
completely efficient and guaranteed.

Currently, the problems that most affect operations are voltage drops.
what causes blackouts in the equipment leaving users offline or interrupting
processes, as well as the constant failures due to wiring problems that become a
a real headache to solve them since the current physical infrastructure is very
complicated to manage due to the poor condition it is in.

In addition, the equipment does not have a reliable voltage source as there is a power cut every time
energy or blackout, all equipment turns off, running a great risk of suffering damage from surges as well
not having isolated grounding protection for communication equipment.
 III
DESCRIPTION
DEL
PROYECTO
III.- Project description.

ACME DF Laboratory is a project that arises from the need to carry out
updates to the current local network as well as providing certainty in transmission levels and
performance of physical infrastructure with the firm objective of implementing effectively
reliable convergence services in IP such as data services, voice, CCTV, etc.
Where infrastructure plays a very important role.

The physical infrastructure with which this office building was operating although
it worked offered multiple areas of opportunity and some important challenges. In the area of
the one where the SITE was located was very convenient on the ground floor, but not in
size since it was completely saturated and could not be managed or done
modifications such as change and/or expansion of services, location of faults, change or
maintenance of equipment, etc. Additionally, the standards were not taken into account.
that govern this engineering causing constant failures and serious management problems
from the network. There was a UPS that only works in Bypass and did not provide backup for
batteries causing power outages to the equipment every time there was a power cut.
Everything was mounted on 2 racks 40cm away from the wall, and the area has
2 windows which remained open causing everything in the equipment and infrastructure
will fill with dust, soot, moisture, etc. by being semi-exposed to the elements. They will
it had an IDF in a very inconvenient location due to access and
implementation as it presented a significant point of failure and disconnection. The biggest challenge

It was important to implement a new physical infrastructure offering a change

complete without interrupting the operation.

First, we were assigned a new location to place the SITE on the 1st floor which
It will concentrate all the new physical infrastructure and communication equipment, for this it was necessary

to build a new connection for carriers to the new SITE, as well as

independent power supply and physical ground in addition to the entry of all the
local network channeling.
 The ACME DF Laboratory building has 3 levels and 3 sections which are
they were channeled through mostly galvanized pipes with exposed installation and
about the ceiling making a star distribution from each workstation to the
SITE with minimum diameters of ¾" and maximum of 2", distribution and passage registers Type
NEMA of at least 30x30x15 cm to ensure current and future capacity, all the
The piping was finished to a 200mm mesh type tray for the final arrangement.
of the wiring and the distribution in the rack and cabinet of the SITE.

The wiring was installed over this pipe network in Category 6 Panduit for a
transmission speed of 1Gbps, finished with connectivity accessories and patch cord
from the same brand and category to achieve the best performance across the entire channel and thus achieve

the channel certification for category 6 with a 20-year warranty.

The replacement of all equipment, connections, and telephone line connections was carried out.
and link to its new location, during this change, it was taken the opportunity to clean up and

maintenance on switches, firewall, switch, etc. Some were also detected.

equipment that were not in use which were removed.

The entire communication equipment was mounted in the wiring rack and in a cabinet.
1 server was installed for communications, and 4 white 30-foot patch cords were left for
connect the equipment to the rack switches. The bridges between high-hierarchy equipment.
(Router, Firewall, etc.) They were made in yellow, the bridges between switches and
The switches were made with black color.

3 nodes for CCTV cameras were installed, which were mounted and can be
observed by the local network, both the phones and the cameras and the switches are
compatible with the 802.3af standard for power over the same cable or PoE.

The electrical power for the rack and isolated grounding arrives directly at the SITE and
From the distribution board, 2 circuits come out: 1 for the rack and 1 for the cabinet, the one for the rack is normal.

of 20 Amps and the cabinet one is 30 Amps to power a 3 kVA UPS with a
NEMA L5-30P contact, this UPS services the server in the cabinet and a power strip
rack-mounted contacts that power all the equipment mounted there, this UPS
Currently, it is at 20% charge, providing an approximate backup time of
45 minutes, the battery bank can be expanded to increase backup time.
 IV
STANDARDS AND
STANDARDS
III. NORMS AND STANDARDS

An entity that compiles and harmonizes various telecommunications standards is the Building Industry.
Consulting Service International (BiCSi). The Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM) of BiCSi
establish detailed guidelines that must be taken into account for the proper design of a system
structured cabling. The Cabling Installation Manual establishes the technical guidelines, according to standards,
for the physical installation of a structured cabling system.

The American National Standards Institute, the Association of Industries of

Telecommunications and the Association of Electronic Industries (ANSI/TIA/EIA) publish
jointly standards for the manufacture, installation, and performance of equipment and
telecommunications and electronic systems. Five of these ANSI/TIA/EIA standards
define telecommunications wiring in buildings. Each standard covers a part
specific to the building wiring. The standards establish the cable, hardware, equipment,
design and installation practices required. Each ANSI/TIA/EIA standard mentions
related standards and other reference materials.

Most standards include sections that define important terms, acronyms, and
symbols.

The main standards of ANSI/TIA/EIA that govern telecommunications wiring in

buildings are:

ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1, B.2, B.3, Telecommunications Wiring Standard for Commercial Buildings

ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A, Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces in Commercial Buildings

ANSI/TIA/EIA-570, Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiring Standard

ANSI/TIA/EIA-598-A, Fiber Optic Cabling Color Code Standard

ANSI/TIA/EIA-606A, Standard for Administration of Telecommunications Infrastructure in Buildings

Commercials

ANSI/TIA/EIA-607, Requirements for Telecommunications Grounding and Bonding of Buildings

Commercials

ANSI/TIA/EIA-758, External Plant belonging to the customer

The National Electrical Code 1996 (NEC), ANSI/NFPA-70 published by the National Fire Protection Agency
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) provides electrical safety standards that protect people and property from fire.

Electrical risks. The latest edition of the NEC is from 1996. New versions are published every three years.
NEC. In Costa Rica, the electrical code published by the Federation of Engineers and Architects is the
Electric Code of Costa Rica (CODEC). The latest version of CODEC dates back to 1992.

There are additional standards that must also be taken into account when defining or designing.
a telecommunications system.

Additional documents:

Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual of the Building Industry Consulting Service

International.

ANSI/TIA/EIA TSB-36, Additional Specifications for Unshielded Twisted Pair Cables.

Specification is defined apart from ANSI/TIA/EIA-568 but is included in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.

ANSI/TIA/EIA TSB-40, Additional Transmission Specifications for Cable Connection Hardware

By Unshielded Twisted Pair. This specification is defined separately from ANSI/TIA/EIA-568 but is included in
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.

ANSI/TIA/EIA TSB-67, Specification for Field Testing of Transmission Performance

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cabling Systems ANSI/TIA/EIA TSB-72, Guide for Fiber Cabling
Centralized Optics ANSI/EIA 310-D-92, Cabinets, Platforms, Panels and Associated Equipment NFPA-75 (Edition
1995), Standard for the Protection of Electronic Computer and Data Processing Equipment NFPA-780
(1995 Edition), Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems.
 V

DIAGRAMS AND
PLANOS
WIRING DIAGRAM
RACK DIAGRAM:
 VI

NOTES OF
FIELD
CAMERAS

NETWORK

All users were bridged to switches 1 and 2 (blue patch cords)

They stopped bridging more nodes than necessary for each user to reach them.
ports (Nodes-3-4-20-21-40-42-44-45)

That is, there are 8 nodes remaining to be patched in the panel, the labeled patch cords are left for

panel and users

Two boxes with patch cords are left inside the Cabinet.

Box 1: 8 patch cords of 5 feet for rack labeled (3-4-20-21-40-42-44-45)

Box 2: 12 patch cords of 7 feet for labeled users (3-4-18-19-23-29-33-38-40-42-

45-48)

Printers were bridged to a 3com switch with 8 ports (blue), the uplink is on sw1
port 24

Only port 11 is free on switch 2.

Port 22 will be used to send 1 patch cord (white) to the server cabinet.
identified GAB1

Two additional patch cords will be left in the cabinet and will remain in the vertical organizer.
rack rights identified as GAB2 and GAB3

Port 14 of switch 2 PoE is damaged, it doesn't work.

Puerto LAN x0 de sonicwall connected to SW1/1 (yellow)

WAN X1 port of SonicWall connected to Ethernet 0 of the Cisco router with dedicated link
yellow

Puerto LAN X2 from SonicWall connected to Infinitum (blue short spell)

NBX connected to SW2/23 (white)

NBX Chassis connected to SW2/24 (white)

TELEPHONE LINES

VIDEO

It will be necessary to correctly adjust the base of the projector as it requires an incline.
pronounced in order to project at the correct level.

The screen is not large enough (2.51x2.51) to encompass the projector's image.
(2.72x2.10) it is recommended to use a larger screen or move the projector closer.
.

VII

ANNEXES
MECHANICAL DESIGN GUIDES

ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP A STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM

Horizontal Cabling

Vertical Cabling (Main)

Work Area

Telecommunications Room

Equipment Room

Service Entries

HORIZONTAL CABLING

The horizontal cabling is the portion of the cabling system that extends from the closet of
telecommunications (Rack) to the end user at their workstation and consists of:

I. Horizontal Cable and Connection Hardware. (Horizontal cabling)

They provide the means to transport telecommunications signals between the workspace and the
telecommunications room. These components are the 'contents' of the routes and horizontal spaces.
This includes:

• The telecommunication outlets (boxes/plates/connectors) in the work area.

Work Area Outlets (WAO).

• Transition cables and connectors installed between the outputs of the work area and the
telecommunications room.

• Patch panels and patch cords used for

configure the horizontal wiring connections in the telecommunications room.
• VERTICAL CABLING (BACKBONE)

• The Backbone provides interconnection between the telecommunications rooms, room of

equipment and the entrance to the building. This consists of the Backbone cable, the cross-connect

intermediate and main, of the mechanical terminations and of the patch cords.
 • The Rack, the equipment room, and the IDFs can be located in different
buildings; the Backbone includes the transmission media between different buildings.

• The vertical cabling must support all the devices that are inside the Rack and to
the printers, terminals, and file servers of a floor of a
building. If more clients or servers are added to a floor, they compete for the
available bandwidth in the vertical cabling. However, there is an advantage, and
this is the small number of vertical channels in a building and therefore they can be used
more expensive equipment to provide greater bandwidth.

• This is the area where optical fiber has become the most appropriate medium.

• Vertical cabling comes in different topologies, the most used is star topology.

II. Routes and Horizontal Spaces. (Horizontal distribution systems)

The routes and horizontal spaces are used to distribute and support horizontal cable and to connect
hardware between the output of theworkspaceand thetelecommunications room. These routes and spaces are the

"containers" of the horizontal cabling.

The term horizontal is used because typically the cabling system is installed
horizontally through the floor or the ceiling of the building.

The horizontal cabling consists of twisted pair copper cables, although if high performance is required, it
you can use fiber optic.

The horizontal cabling should be implemented in a star topology. Each terminal connection point of
Data and/or Voice must be connected to the Patch Panel.

It should be taken into account that:

• Ties or splices (multiple appearances of the same pair of wires) are not allowed.
in various distribution points) in horizontal distribution cabling.

• Some equipment requires components (such as baluns or RS-232 adapters)

at the telecommunications area exit.
 • It is necessary to avoid crossing or traveling parallel with devices or equipment that

act as sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI)

• If the line is for Data, an additional connection is established between the Patch Panel and the

Hub or switch so that the device is actively connected to the network.

Considerations for horizontal cabling:

1. Horizontal Distances

The maximum allowed horizontal distance is 90 meters (295 ft) regardless of the type of medium, this
it is the maximum distance between the Patch Panel and the connection terminal; the maximum length of the terminal point
the workstation is 3 meters (9.8 ft).

2. Types of Cables

There are three types of cables that can be used in horizontal cabling systems:

• UTP cable (Unshielded Twisted Pair) with 4 pairs at 100 ohms.

• STP cable (Shielded Twisted Pair) with 2 or 4 pairs at 150 ohms.

• Optical Fiber 62.5/125 microns.

• Optical Fiber 50/125 microns.

The preferred cable to use is the unshielded twisted pair (UTP) with four pairs.
category 5e, 6 or 6A. The 50 ohm coaxial cable is no longer used, just like UTP.
category 3 and 5 100 ohms.
3. Work Area Outputs

The ducts to the work area outlets (work area outlet, WAO) must anticipate the capacity of
handle at least three cables. The work area outlets must have a minimum of two connectors.
These connectors must be of the RJ-45 type under the T568A or T568B wiring color code.

Some devices require additional components (such as baluns or RS-232 adapters) in the
exit from the work area. These components should not be installed as part of the horizontal cabling, they must
install externally at the exit of the work area. This ensures the use of the cabling system
structured for other applications.

Common adaptations in the workplace include, but are not limited to:

•A special cable to adapt the equipment connector (computer, terminal,

phone) to the telecommunications output connector.

•A parallel 'Y' adapter or splitter to provide two services in one

multi-pair cable (e.g. telephone with two extensions).

• A passive adapter (e.g. balun) used to match the impedance of the type of cable.
from the team to the type of cable of the horizontal cabling.

• An active adapter to connect devices that use different schemes of

signaling (e.g. EIA 232 to EIA 422).

• A cable with twisted pairs.

3.1 Cable management

The untwisting of individual pairs in the connectors and patch panels must be less than 1.25 cm.
(1/2 inch) for UTP category 5e cables and higher.

The radius of curvature of the cable must not be less than four times the diameter of the cable.
Four-pair category 5e and higher braided cable has a minimum bend radius of 2.5 cm (1 inch).

3.2 Avoidance of Electromagnetic Interference

When establishing the wiring path from the communication closets to the nodes, it is a
primary consideration to avoid the passage of the cable through the following devices:

• Large electric motors or transformers (minimum 1.2 meters).

• Alternating current cables

 oMinimum 13 cm. for cables with 2KVA or less

o Minimum 30 cm. for cables from 2KVA to 5KVA

oMinimum 91cm. for cables over 5KVA

• Fluorescent lights and ballasts (minimum 12 centimeters).

• The duct must be perpendicular to the fluorescent lights and electrical wires or ducts.

• Intercoms (minimum 12 cm.)

• Welding team

• Air conditioners, fans, heaters (minimum 1.2 meters).

• Other sources of electromagnetic and radio frequency interference.

VERTICAL CABLING (BACKBONE)

The Backbone provides interconnection between the telecommunications rooms, room of

equipment and the entrance to the building. This consists of the Backbone cable, the cross-connect

intermediate and main, of the mechanical terminations and of the patch cords.

The Rack, the equipment room, and the IDFs may be located in different buildings; the
Backbone includes the transmission media between different buildings.

The vertical cabling must support all the devices that are inside the Rack and to
I handle all the printers, terminals, and file servers of a floor in a building. If
more clients or servers are added to a floor, they compete for bandwidth
available in the vertical wiring. However, there is an advantage, and that is the small amount
of vertical channels in a building and therefore more expensive equipment can be used to
provide greater bandwidth.

This is the area where fiber optic has become the most appropriate medium.

The vertical cabling is presented in different topologies, the most used is the topology in
star
Considerations when installing the backbone:

I. Recognized Cables and Maximum Distances

Distance Application
Cable

UTP Cable 100 ohms 800 meters Voice

UTP Cable 100 ohms 90 meters Data

Cable STP 150 ohms 90 meters Data

62.5/125 microns Multimode Fiber Optic Cable 500 meters Data

50/125 micron Multimode Fiber Optic Cable 2000 meters Data

II. Selection of the Transmission Medium

Any of the existing standards can be used to build a backbone for vertical cabling; but
the following factors must be taken into account:

• Flexibility regarding the supported services

• Required lifespan for the backbone

• Site size and user population

• No more than two hierarchical levels of cross-connect can be placed.

• Bridges cannot be used.

• The length of the patch cord of the main and intermediate cross-connect cannot be
greater than 20 meters

• The grounding pole must meet the requirements defined in the EIA/TIA standard.
607
WORK AREA

The work area extends from the wall plate to the user's equipment and is designed to
easy changes, modifications, and additions.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS CLOSET, MDF OR IDF

A telecommunications room is the area in a building used exclusively for equipment.

associated with the telecommunications cabling system. The communications room space must not
be shared with electrical installations that are not telecommunications. The room of
telecommunications must be able to host telecommunications equipment, cable terminations and
associated interconnection cabling. The design of telecommunications rooms must consider, in addition to
voice and data, the incorporation of other building information systems such as cable television
(CATV), alarms, security, audio and other telecommunications systems. Every building must have at

less than a quarter of telecommunications or equipment room or MDF. There is no maximum limit on the amount of
telecommunication rooms that may exist in an IDF building.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

The design of a Telecommunications Room depends on:

• The size of the building.

• The floor space to be served.

• The needs of the occupants.

• The telecommunications services to be used.

NUMBER OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS CLOSET:

There must be at least one CT per building, at least one per floor, there is no maximum.

HEIGHT:

The recommended minimum height of the false ceiling is 2.6 meters.

DUCTS:

The number and size of the ducts used to access the telecommunications room varies with respect to
the number of work areas, however, it is recommended to have at least three ducts of 100 millimeters (4
inches) for the distribution of the backbone cable. See section 5.2.2 of ANSI/TIA/EIA-569. The conduits of
entries must include fire propagation delay elements "firestops". Between TC of a
There must be at least one 75 mm conduit on the same floor.
DOORS:

The access door(s) must be fully openable, have a lock, and be at least 91 centimeters wide.
2 meters high. The door must be removable and open outward (or side by side). The door must open flush.
of the floor and should not have central posts.

DUST AND STATIC ELECTRICITY:

Dust and static electricity should be avoided by using concrete, terrazzo, tile, or similar flooring (do not use
carpet). If possible, apply special treatment to the walls, floors, and ceilings to minimize dust and the
static electricity.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL:

In rooms that do not have electronic equipment, the temperature of the telecommunications room must be maintained.
continuously (24 hours a day, 365 days a year) between 10 and 35 degrees Celsius. The relative humidity must
stay below 85%. There must be a change of air per hour.

In rooms with electronic equipment, the temperature of the telecommunications room should be maintained.
continuously (24 hours a day, 365 days a year) between 18 and 24 degrees Celsius. The relative humidity must
stay between 30% and 55%. There must be a change of air every hour.

FALSE CEILINGS:

The use of false ceilings in telecommunications rooms should be avoided.

FLOOD PREVENTION:

The telecommunications rooms must be free from any flooding threats. There should be no
water pipe passing through (over or around) the telecommunications room. If there is a risk of ingress
For water, floor drainage must be provided. If there are fire sprinklers, a channel must be installed.
to drain a potential drip from the showers.

FLOORS:

The floors of the CT must support a load of 2.4 kPa.

LIGHTING:

A minimum equivalent to 540 lux measured one meter from the finished floor must be provided. The lighting
it must be at least 2.6 meters from the finished floor. The walls must be painted in a light color.
to improve the lighting. The use of emergency lights is recommended.

LOCATION:

In order to maintain the average horizontal cable spacing at 46 meters or less (with a maximum
for 90 meters), it is recommended to locate the telecommunications room as close as possible to the center of the area
to serve.
POWER:

There must be enough outlets to power the devices to be installed on the platforms. The standard
It establishes that there must be a minimum of two double 110V AC dedicated three-wire outlets.
They should be separate circuits of 15 to 20 amps. These two outlets could be arranged at 1.8.
meters apart from each other. Consider emergency power supply with automatic activation. In
In many cases, it is desirable to install a dedicated electrical control panel in the telecommunications room.
specific power supply for electronic devices can be done with UPS and mounted panels
hallways.

Separate from these outlets, there should be double sockets for tools, testing equipment, etc.
Electrical outlets should be 40 cm from the floor and arranged at intervals of 1.8 meters around the
perimeter of the walls.

The telecommunications room must have a grounding bar that must also be
connected with a minimum 6 AWG cable with green insulation to the grounding system of
telecommunications according to the specifications of ANSI/TIA/EIA-607.

SECURITY:

The telecommunications room must be kept locked at all times. Keys must be assigned to
staff that is in the building during operational hours. The room must be kept tidy.
clean and organized telecommunications.

SIZE REQUIREMENTS:

There must be at least one telecommunications room or equipment room per floor and for areas that do not exceed.
the 1000 square meters. Small facilities may use a single telecommunications room if the
maximum distance of 90 meters is not exceeded.

Minimum Room Dimensions

Area to Serve Normal Building
of Communications

500 m2or less 3 m x 2.2 m

2
greater than 500 m less than 800 m2 3 meters x 2.8 meters

2
greater than 800 m less than 1000 m2 3 m x 3.4 m
 Area to Serve Building
Use for the Wiring
Small

Wall or cabinet mounting

100 m2or less
closed.

2
greater than 200 m , Room of 1.3 m x 1.3 m or

less than 800 m2 Narrow closet measuring 0.6 m x 2.6 m.

Some teams require a background of at least 0.75 meters.

EQUIPMENT DISPOSITION:

The racks must have at least 82 cm of free working space.

around (in front of and behind) the telecommunications equipment and panels. The distance
From 82 cm. it should be measured from the most protruding surface of the frame.

According to NEC, NFPA-70 Article 110-16, there must be a minimum of 1 meter of clear space to work.
of equipment with exposed parts without insulation.

All racks and cabinets must meet the specifications of ANSI/EIA-310.

The screws should be metric M6.

It is recommended to leave a free space of 30 cm in the corners.

WALLS:

At least two of the walls of the room must have 20-millimeter A-C plywood sheets measuring 2.4 meters.
high. The walls must be rigid enough to support equipment. The walls must be painted with
fire-resistant, washable, matte, and light-colored paint.

TEAM ROOM

The equipment room is a centralized space for the teams.

telecommunications (e.g., PBX, computer equipment, servers, switches, etc.), which serve
the users of the building. This room should only house equipment directly
related to the telecommunications system and its support systems. The standard that
this subsystem is standardized by EIA/TIA 569.
These considerations must be taken into account when designing the equipment room:

Site Selection

When selecting the equipment room, locations restricted by components must be avoided.
buildings that limit expansion such as: elevators, stairs, etc. The room must have accessibility for
The entry of large equipment and access to this room must be restricted to authorized personnel only.
The floor's load-bearing capacity must be such that it supports both the distributed and concentrated load of the equipment.
installed. The distributed load must be greater than 12.0 kpa (250 lbf/ft2) and the concentrated load must be greater than
4.4 kN (1000 lbf) over the area of highest equipment concentration.

The equipment room must not be located below water levels unless preventive measures are taken.
they have taken against water infiltration. A drain should be placed in the room in case of
there is water ingress.

The equipment room must have direct access to the HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning System).

The room must be located far from sources of electromagnetic interference, at a distance that
reduce the interference to 3.0 V/m across the frequency spectrum. Special attention must be given to
Electric transformers, motors, generators, X-ray equipment, transmission radios or radars.
It is advisable to place the equipment room near the Main Backbone route.

Size

The equipment room must be large enough to meet the requirements of the equipment.
defining the size must take into account both current requirements and future projects.
When the size specifications of the equipment are unknown, the following must be taken into account
following points:

a. Guide for Voice and Data

The practice consists of providing 0.07 m2 of space in the room for every 10m2 of a workstation.
The equipment room must be designed for a minimum of 14m2.

Based on the number of workstations, the size of the room should be according to the following table:

Number of Workstations Area in m2

Up to 100 14

From 101 to 400 37

From 401 to 800 74

From 801 to 1200 111

 b. Guide for Other Teams

Environmental Control teams, such as energy distributors, air conditioning

Air conditioners and UPS up to 100 Kva. They should be installed in the equipment room. UPS
greater than 100 Kva. They must be located in separate rooms.

3. Supply

The minimum height of an equipment room must be 2.44 meters (8 feet) without obstructions.
The equipment room must be protected from contamination and pollution that may affect the operation and the
material of the installed equipment. When the contamination present is higher than indicated in the following
Vapor barrier tables or filters must be installed in the room.

Contaminant Concentration

Chlorine 0.01 ppm

Hydrogen Sulfate 0.05 ppm

Nitrogen Oxide 0.01 ppm

Sulfur Dioxide 0.3 ppm

Octopus 100 ug/m3/24h

Hydrocarbon 4 µg/m3/24h

The equipment room must be connected to the Backbone route.

In case smoke detectors are needed, they must be inside their box to prevent
that they might activate accidentally.

4. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

These systems must be provided to operate 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. If the building's system
a continuous operation is not guaranteed, an independent unit (Stand Alone) must be installed for the room
of teams.
The temperature and humidity must be controlled between ranges of 18 °C to 24 °C, with a humidity of
30% to 55%. Humidification and dehumidification equipment may be required depending on the
environmental conditions of the place.

The ambient temperature and humidity must be measured at a distance of 1.5 meters above the floor level.
and after the teams are up and running.

If batteries are used for backup, appropriate ventilation equipment should be installed.

5. Interior Finishes

The floor, walls, and ceiling must be sealed to reduce dust.

The finishes should be in bright colors to increase the lighting in the room.

The flooring material must have antistatic properties.

6. Lighting

The lighting must have a minimum of 540 lux, measured 1 meter above the floor in an area free of equipment.
lighting must be controlled by one or more switches, located near the entrance door to the room.

Energy

A separate circuit must be installed to supply power to the equipment room, and it must end in its own
Electric panel. The electrical energy that arrives in the room is not specified as it depends on the equipment.
installed.

Door

The door must have a minimum width of 910 millimeters and a height of 2,000 millimeters and contain a
lock. If it is estimated that very large equipment will arrive, a double door of 1,820 should be installed.
millimeters wide by 2,280 millimeters high.

9. Grounding

A 38 mm duct must be installed from the equipment room to the building's ground electrode.

10. Fire Extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers must be provided and maintained periodically. These must be
installed as close to the door as possible.

FOURTH SERVICE ENTRY ROOM OR CONNECTIONS

The service entrance provides the point at which the external wiring connects with the vertical wiring.
(backbone) internal of the building. The physical requirements of said interface are defined in the standard
EIA/TIA 569.

This consists of a telecommunications services entry to the building, which includes the point of entry.
through the wall of the building and continuing to the room or entry area. The entrance to the building must contain
the backbone route that connects with the other buildings on campus. In case of communication through
from an antenna, this also belongs to the Entrance to the Building

IV. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PROTECTION

In order to obtain good energy quality, it is necessary to address the root problem, the ground.
Physics is a very important point because it is the alternate path through which any type of discharge or
induction is grounded to ensure the safety of people and their equipment. According to the standard in the
NOM-022-STPS-1999, all grounding systems for electrical-electronic equipment must comply with 25
ohms.

For delicate equipment, such as telecommunications equipment, computers, etc., that work
internally with a binary language, it is recommended to work with a resistance less than 5 ohms and is
required by some companies to guarantee their products.

It is very important that 2 grounding systems are not mixed, to avoid generating a voltage between them.
ground systems and thus increase the voltage between neutral and ground.

Line to neutral voltage

For industrial installations, the low voltage is normally 440 V, for installations
generally is 220 V.

The line voltage can vary due to several external factors to the transformer or due to a poor adjustment of the
TAP's the same. It is important that the line voltage is within a recommended range of 119 to
129 Volts to prevent line-powered devices from suffering any damage.

NEUTRAL TO GROUND VOLTAGE

The voltage from neutral to ground is a very important point to care for if you want to have quality.
energy mainly protecting delicate equipment such as electronics or telecommunications.

The voltage between neutral and ground should not exceed 0.5 V to ensure optimal operation.
electronic devices.

It is important to ensure that there is a bridge that is normally allowed between neutral and ground.
transformer and in the main panel, as well as ensuring it has a good physical ground and the wire gauges
be the appropriate ones.
 The value of the resistance is very important in the functioning of a grounding system. The physical ground
It is a way to dissipate unwanted currents in the system, and as we already know, lower resistance
provides a better path for the flow, preventing it from diverting people or equipment.

A high resistance, such as that found in installations with rods, with a value greater than 25 ohms,
it does not provide any safety to people or equipment, which is why they are outside the standard (NOM-022-STPS-
1999).

The previous information is referenced on page 12 of this report (Power), on page 17.
point 7 Energy and on page 17 point 9 Grounding.

Attached is a copy of NOM-022-STPS-1999 and information from a specific manufacturer for reference.

An also very important point to consider is the installation of an impedance coupler which
its function is to direct the flow of currents towards the path of least resistance available. In case
that a current is induced through an electrode the coupler does not allow the current to reach the equipment
protected by sending this current to alternate points of structural ground.

The coupler operates under the principle of impedances in parallel, which tells us that the impedance
the total of the system will be less than the smallest of the impedances in parallel, therefore the coupler of
impedances are the most efficient element in blocking unwanted loads through the ground wire to
the entire electrical installation.
 VII

TESTS