Natural Gas Production Process - Flowchart
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Natural Gas
Agatha Densy dos Santos Francisco
Discipline: Transportation and Storage
Class: PGC 341 –
22/11/2011
P r o f e s s o r a : V iv ia n e R e z e n d e P r a t e s
Introduction:
Natural gas is a portion of oil that exists in the gaseous phase or in oil solution.
in reservoir conditions, and that remains in the gaseous state under the conditions
atmospheric pressure and temperature.
The hydrocarbons that are part of its composition are methane, ethane, propane and
other components
or lower ofwith
association higher
themolecular
oil and theweight.
degreeThe composition
of treatment depends
applied. oncontain
It may the srcem, its greater
contaminants
like:nitrogen dióxido de carbo o, vapor d ’ água, ácido sulfúrico e os demaIs compostos
of sulfur.
Natural gas has no smell and when subjected to a burning process, provides
8000 to 12,500 Kcal/m3varying the calorific power according to its composition.
The way it is transported and stored requires a logistics of great importance,
it is a high value-added product and is currently expanding.
Objective:
The objective of the work is to outline and discuss the system through a flowchart.
transport and storage logistics of natural gas in Brazil.
Flowchart:
LogístIca do Gás Natural
RESERVATÓRIO PLATAFORMA UPGN
DISTRIBUIDORAS
RESIDENCIAL
CONSUMIDORFINAL
/ COMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL
The process of natural gas production until its distribution to final consumers is by
too broad and complex, considering that various types of transport are used and
varied forms of storage. Below are described the steps present in this
process:
Reservoir
– what are
From the well to the platform, natural gas is transported through pipelines (the risers)
made of a special material as it has to withstand sudden changes in pressure and
temperature and the actions of nature. These ducts work as a way of
temporary storage.
Platform:
On the platform, the natural gas that comes associated with crude oil and brine (water with salts) is
transferred through pipelines to the separator and undergoes primary processing,
whose main objective is to make a preliminary separation between: oil, water, and gas.
Once separated, natural gas is stored in tanks and then goes to a terminal.
which is responsible
transport for liquefying
it through pipelines) knownit. The gas is
as: gas transported
carrier by ships
or methane (it isliquefied
carrier, not possible
by a
strategic issue. LNG (liquefied natural gas) takes up less space than gas in its
natural state, nearly 600 times less, which allows the ship to carry a capacity
greater than it would take if natural gas were in its normal state. That's why a ship that
it transports, and during the travel time also stores, it has to present some
conditions, such as:
Pressure in the tank must be greater than atmospheric pressure at temperature
environment
Atmospheric pressure for temperatures below ambient (-165ºC)
The ship must have special tanks with:
Totally pressurized systems
Fully cooled system
Or a combination of both.
UPGN: (natural gas processing unit)
Upon arriving at the UPGN, the gas is stored in receiving tanks that are shaped
spherical, as this geometric shape does not allow, when emptied, for any
residue or gas leftover remains inside the tank. It does not have vertices, which
enables a more effective release of the gas contained in it.
At UPGN, the main objective is to separate the poor fractions (methane and ethane) from the rich ones (
propane, butane and the heavier fractions). For this, there are a series of processes that are
made among them: URL
– Liquid Recovery Unit; LRU – Unit of
liquid fractionation, UPCGN Gas–condensate processing unit
natural – Thompson,
Turbo Expansion.
It is important to know that in the transition from one treatment to another, natural gas remains
stored in tanks that depending on the type of treatment it is receiving,
there are certain standards and there is specific control of pressure and temperature.
After being treated and processed, natural gas is ready to be marketed, this is
transported to distributors through pipelines (the safest, fastest way that
opera with high flow capacity.
Distributors
Responsible for distributing processed natural gas to consumers, whether they are:
residential and commercial industrial. The distributors can also do some type of
treatment of gas, for example, natural gas is odorless, distributors can
add some scent to alert the consumer in case of a leak.
Natural gas is stored in the pipeline itself and when needed, it is injected into the networks of
consumption, as this cycle is continuous, since the use is constant the duct does not remain for long
time with the same product. Another use of natural gas is LPG, which is stored in
bottles.
Rio de Janeiro is served by the distributor CEG –State Natural Gas Company,
which provides services for thermoelectric plants, cogeneration, industries, automotive, residences and
commerce.
For thermoelectric plants, cogeneration, industries, and commerce, natural gas is necessarily
transported by pipelines. Having various distribution bases spread throughout the city.
In relation to automotive, the need is met by GN stations and residences are
supplied both by pipelines and by bottles.
Conclusion:
All proposed objectives were satisfactorily achieved, considering that they were
addressed and discussed the main forms of transportation and storage of the complex
natural gas supply chain.
More important than knowing what types of modalities are used in the industry is knowing
how and why they are applied in that way and this was addressed throughout the work.
Bibliografia
Petroleum Refining Handbook - Alexandre Leiras UFRJ
Master's program in transportation engineering - Natural gas distribution in
Brazil: a critical approach and cost minimization - Eduardo Rocha
Petroleum and gas pamphlet of the–Cebrac course
www.tpn.usp.br/oil/index.html
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