PSG POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER NETWORKING

DIPLOMA IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND

MACHINE LEARNING

OBSERVATION
for

COURSE CODE: R24153

COURSE TITLE: PROBLEM SOLVING AND
C PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

Name:……………………………………………………………..

Roll No:…………………………………………………………...

Class:………………………………………………………………
 PSG POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER NETWORKING

DIPLOMA IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

AND MACHINE LEARNING

R24153 – PROBLEM SOLVING AND \

C PROGRAMING LABORATORY

REGISTER NUMBER

CERTIFIED BONAFIDE LAB WORK DONE BY

Mr./Miss............................................................................................................from the period of
…………. to ……………

Date:…………… STAFF IN-CHARGE

 INDEX
Ex. No Date Name of the experiment Page Mark s Signature
no
1. Basics
a) Write a program to print different data types in ‘C’
and their sizes.
b) Write a program to declare variables of different data
types get the value from the user and print the values.

2. Operators
a) Write a program to demonstrate arithmetic
operators and relational operators.
b) Write a program to demonstrate increment,
decrement, ternary and compound assignment
operators.
c) Write a program to calculate simple interest and
compound interest.

3, Control Flow – I (Decision Making Statements)

a) Write programs to read marks of a student in six
subjects and print whether pass or Fail using if-
else.
b) Consider the following rates charged by a mobile
operator for data consumption in integral units of GB.

S.No Data(GB) Rate

1 1GB Rs.150
2 2GB Rs.250
3 3GB Rs.350
4 4to6 GB Rs.450
5 7GB Onwards Rs.700

c) Write a C program using switch case that accepts

an integer from the keyboard and prints the
corresponding rates after validation.
4. Control Flow–II (Looping Statements)
a) Write a program to print all natural numbers and
reverse of the natural numbers from 1to n using while
loop.
b) Write a program to find Fibonacci series of a given
number.
c) Write a program to print multiplication table of any
number.
5. Control Flow–III (Looping Statements)
a) Write a program to print Pascal triangle.

b) Write a program to find the sum of individual digits

Of a positive integer and test if the given number is
palindrome.
6. Arrays (1D & 2D)
a) Write a program to store elements in the 1-D array
and print the elements in ascending order.
b) Write a program to print the transpose of a matrix.

7. Strings
a) Write a program to illustrate how to initialize, read
and print the string.
b) Write a program to implement string manipulation
operations with library function.
i)length ii)copy iii)concatenate iv)compare
v)reverse.
8. Functions
a) Write a program to illustrate sum of two numbers
using all categories of user - defined function.
b) Write a program to find factorial of a given number
using recursion.

9. Storage Classes
a) Write a program to demonstrate storage classes.
b) Write a program to include your header file
Named “numops.h”.
 Expt No Title
1 Basics
a) Write a program to print different data types in ‘C’ and their sizes.
10. Structures and Pointers
a) Write a program to create a structure called traveler
and members of the structure are train no, coach no,
seat no, source, destination, gender, age, name, and
departure date. Display the details of five passengers.
b) Write a program to swap two numbers using call by
value and call by reference.
c) Write a program to create a Linked List & display
the elements in the List.

Aim:
To write a program to print different data types in ‘C’ and their sizes.

Algorithm:

Step:1: Start the Program

Step:2: Declare the necessary header files and variables.
Step:3: Use the “sizeof( )” operator to display the size of each data type
Step:4: Print the values
Step:5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int integerType;

float floatType;

double doubleType;
 char charType;

//Sizeof operator is used to evaluate the size of a variable

printf("Size of int: %ld bytes\n", sizeof(integerType));

printf("Size of float: %ld bytes\n", sizeof(floatType));

printf("Size of double: %ld bytes\n",sizeof(doubleType));

printf("Size of char: %ld bytes\n", sizeof(charType));

getch( );

return 0;
}
Output:

Result:
Thus the C programming to Print the different data types and their size is written and executed
successfully.
 Expt No Title
1 Basics
a) Write a program to declare variables of different data types get the value from the
user and print the values.

Aim:

To write a program to declare variables of different data types get the value from the user and print the
values.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the Program

Step2: Read a, b, c

Step3: Print a, b, c

Step5: Stop the Program

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main( )

int a;

float b;

char c;

clrscr( );

printf("Enter three value of integer, float and char data type respectively");

scanf("%d %f %c", &a, &b, &c);

printf("%d\t %f\t %c", a, b, c);

getch( );

}
Output:

Result:

Thus the C program to declare variables of different data types get the value from the user and print the

values was executed successfully.

 Expt No Title
2 a)Write a program to demonstrate arithmetic operators and relational operators.

Aim:

To write a c program to demonstrate arithmetic operators and relational operators.

Algorithm:
Step1: Start the Program
Step 2: Read a,b
Step 3: calculate add=a+b
Step 4: calculate sub= a-b
Step 5: calculate mul= a*b
Step 6: calculate div=a/b
Step7: calculate mod=a%b
Step 8: Print add, sub, mul, div, mod
Step 9: Check if a = = b and print the result
Step10:Check if a! =b and print the result
Step11:Check if a > b and print the result
Step12:Check if a < b and print the result
Step13:Check if a > =b and print the result
Step14:Check if a < =b and print the result
Step 15:Stop the Program

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
inta,b,add,sub,mul,div,mod;
clrscr( );
printf("Enter any two values");
scanf("%d %d", Ca, Cb);
add=a+b;
sub = a-b;
mul = a*b;
div = a/b;
mod=a%b;
printf("Addition of a,b is:%d\n", add);
printf("Subtraction of a,b is:%d\n", sub);
printf("Multiplication of a,b is:%d\n", mul);
printf("Division of a,b is:%d\n", div);
printf("Modulus of a,b is:%d\n", mod);
//Relational Operations
printf("Relational operations:\n");
printf("a==b:%d\n", a==b);
printf("a!=b:%d\n", a!=b);
printf("a>b:%d\n", a>b);
 printf("a<b:%d\n", a<b);
printf("a>=b:%d\n", a>=b);
printf("a<=b:%d\n", a<=b);
getch( );
}

Output:

Result:

Thus the c program to demonstrate arithmetic operators and relational operators were written
and executed successfully.
 Expt No Title
2 b) Write a program to demonstrate increment, decrement, ternary and
compound assignment operators.

Aim:

To write a program to demonstrate increment, decrement, ternary and compound assignment

operators.

Algorithm:
Step:1: Start the Program
Step:2: Declare the necessary header files and variables
Step:3: Get the input from the user
Step:4: Increment the value using increment operator
Step:5: Print the result
Step:6: Use pre-decrement and post-decrement operator
Step:7: Print the result
Step:8: Read the value of a and b,
Step:9: Print the large number using ternary operator
Step:10: Read the in value for compound assignment
Step:11: Calculate all the arithmetic operation using compound assignment
Step:12: Stop the Program

Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int a, b, c, d;
// Increment Operator
printf("Enter any Intiger: ");
scanf("%d", &a);
a++;
printf("\nPost Increment value: %d\n", a);
++a;
printf("\nPre Increment value: %d\n", a);
// Decrement Operator
printf("\nEnter any Intiger: ");
scanf("%d", &a);
a--;
printf("\nPost Decrement value: %d\n", a);
--a;
printf("\nPre Decrement value: %d\n", a);
// Ternary Operator
printf("\nEnter two intiger: ");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
c = (a > b ? a : b);
printf("\nLargest value (c) = %d\n", c);
// Compound Assignment Operators
printf("\nEnter any intiger: ");
scanf("%d", &d);
d += 10;
printf("Addition: %d\n", d);
d -= 10;
printf("Subtraction: %d\n", d);
d *= 10;
printf("Multiplication: %d\n", d);
d /= 10;
printf("Division: %d\n", d);
d %= 10;
printf("Modulus Division: %d\n", d);
d &= 10;
printf("Bitwise AND: %d\n", d);
d ^= 10;
printf("Bitwise XOR: %d\n", d);
return 0;
}

Output:

Result:

Thus, a program to demonstrate increment, decrement, ternary and compound assignment

operators was written and executed successfully.
 Expt No Title
2 c)Write a Program to calculate simple interest and compound interest.

Aim:

To write a c program to calculate simple interest and compound interest.

Algorithm:
Step1: Start the Program
Step2: Input the Principal, Rate, and Time
Step3: Calculate simple interest using the formula SI=(P*R*T) / 100
Step4: Input the number of times interest is compounded per year(n)
Step5: Calculate compound interest using the formula CI=P*(1+R/(100*n))^(n*T)– P
Step5: Print the calculated simple interest
Step6: Print the calculated compound interest
Step 7: Stop the Program

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float P, R, T, SI, CI;
int n;
clrscr( );
printf("Enter the principal amount:"); //Input principal, rate, and time
scanf("%f",&P);
printf("Enter the annual interest rate (in percentage): ");
scanf("%f",&R);
printf("Enter the time period(in years): ");
scanf("%f",&T);
SI=(P*R*T)/100; //Calculate simple interest
printf("Enter the number of times interest is compounded per year:");
scanf("%d",&n);
CI=P*pow((1+R/(100*n)),n*T)-P; //Calculate compound interest
printf("Simple Interest:%.2f\n",SI);
printf("CompoundInterest:%.2f\n",CI); getch();
return0;
}
 Expt No Title
Control Flow–I (Decision Making Statements)
3 a) Write programs to read marks of a student in six subjects and print whether pass or
Fail using if-else.

Output:

Result:

Thus a C program to calculate simple interest and compound interest was implemented
and executed successfully.

Aim:

To write a c program to read marks of a student in six subjects and print whether Pass or Fail using
 if-else.

Algorithm:
Step1:Start the Program
Step2:Read the values m1,m2,m3,m4,m5,m6
Step3:calculate total=m1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6
Step4:Calculate per=total*100/600
Step5:if((m1>40)CC(m2>40)CC(m3>40)CC(m4>40)CC(m5>40)CC(m6>40)) else goto
Step13
Step6:if(per>=60CCper<=100)
Step7:Print “FirstClass”
Step8:elseif(per>=50CCper<=60)
Step9:Print“SecondClass”
Step10:elseif(per>=40CCper<=50)
Step 11:Print" Thirdclass"
Step12:elsePrint“Youarefail”
Step13:Print“Youarefail”
Step14:Stop the Program

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
int m1,m2,m3,m4,m5,m6,total;
float per;
clrscr();
printf("Enter6subjectmarks."); scanf("%d%d%d%d%d
%d",Cm1,Cm2,Cm3,Cm4,Cm5,Cm6);total=m1+m2+m3+m4+m5+m6;
per=total*100/600;
if((m1>40)CC(m2>40)CC(m3>40)CC(m4>40)CC(m5>40)CC(m6>40))
{
if(per>=60CCper<=100)
printf("First Class:");
elseif(per>=50CCper<=60)
printf("Second Class");
elseif(per>=40CCper<=50)
printf("Third class");
else
printf("You are Fail");
}
else
printf("You are fail");
 getch();

Output:

Result:

Thus a program to find solve quadratic equation was implemented and executed successfully.
 Expt No Title
3 Control Flow–I (Decision Making Statements)
b)Consider the following rates charged by a mobile operator for data consumption in
integral units of GB.
S.No Data(GB) Rate
1 1GB Rs.150
2 2GB Rs.250
3 3GB Rs.350
4 4to6 GB Rs.450
5 7GB Onwards Rs.700

Aim:

To write a C program to read the data consumption in integral units of GB and print the
corresponding rate charged by a mobile operator using if-else decision-making statements.

Algorithm:

Step1:Start the Program

Step2:Read the value of data consumption in GB

Step3:Check if the data consumption is equal to 1

Step4:If yes, set rate to150

Step5:Else, go to Step4

Step6:Check if the data consumption is equal to 2

Step7:If yes, set rate to 250

Step8:Else, go to Step 5

Step9:Check if the data consumption is equal to 3

Step10:If yes, set rate to 350

Step11:Else, go to Step6

Step12:Check if the data consumption is between 4 and 6 (inclusive)

Step13:If yes, set rate to 450

Step14:Else, go to Step 7
Step15:Check if the data consumption is 7 or more

Step16:If yes, set rate to 700

Step17:Else, go to Step8

Step18:Print"Invalid data input" if none of the above conditions are met and end the program

Step19:Print the rate for the given data consumption

Step20:Stop the Program

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
int dataGB;
int rate;
printf("Enter the data consumption in GB:"); //Input the data consumption in GB
scanf("%d",&dataGB);
if(dataGB==1) //Determine the rate based on the data consumption
{
rate=150;
}
elseif(dataGB==2)
{
rate=250;
}
elseif(dataGB==3)
{
rate=350;
}
elseif(dataGB>=4&&dataGB<=6)
{
rate=450;
}
elseif(dataGB>=7)
{
rate=700;
}
else

{
printf("Invalid data input.\n");
return1;
}
printf("The rate for %d GB of data consumption is Rs.%d\n", dataGB, rate);
return0;
}
Output:

Enter the data consumption in GB:1

The rate for 1GB of data consumption is Rs.150
Enter the data consumption in GB:2
The rate for 2GB of data consumption is Rs.250
Enter the data consumption in GB:3
The rate for 3GB of data consumption is Rs.350
Enter the data consumption in GB:4
The rate for 4GB of data consumption is Rs.450
Enter the data consumption in GB:5
The rate for 5GB of data consumption isRs.450
Enter the data consumption in GB:6
The rate for 6GB of data consumption is Rs.450
Enter the data consumption in GB:7
The rate for 7GB of data consumption is Rs.700
Enter the data consumption in GB:8
The rate for 8GB of data consumption is Rs.700
Enter the data consumption in GB:0
Invalid data input.
Enter the data consumption in GB:-1
Invalid data input.

Result:

Thus, a c program to read the data consumption in integral units of GB and print the
corresponding rate charged by a mobile operator using if-else decision-making statements is
successfully executed.
 Expt No Title
3 Control Flow–I (Decision Making Statements)
b) Write a C program using switch case that accepts an integer from the keyboard and
prints the corresponding rates after validation.

Aim:

To write a C program that accepts an integer representing data consumption in GB from the keyboard
and prints the corresponding rate charged by a mobile operator using a switch-case statement after
validating the input.

Algorithm:
Step1:Start the Program
Step2:Read the value of data consumption in GB from the keyboard
Step3:Use a switch-case statement to determine the rate based on the data consumption
Step4:Case1:If data GB is1,set rate to 150
Step5:Case2:If data GB is 2,set rate to 250
Step6:Case3:If data GB is 3,set rate to 350
Step7:Case4:If data GB is 4,5,or 6,set rate to 450
Step8:Default: If data GB is 7 or more, set rate to 700
Step9:Default: If data GB is less than1, print "Invalid data input" and exit
Step10:Print the rate for the given data consumption
Step11:Stop the Program

Program:
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main( )

{
Int dataGB;

int rate;

//Input the data consumption in GB

printf("Enter the data consumption in GB:");

scanf("%d",&dataGB);

//Validate input and determine the rate using switch-case

switch(dataGB)

{
case1:
rate=150;
break;
case2:
rate=250;
 break;
case3:

rate=350;
break;
case 4 :
case 5:
case 6:
rate=450;
break;
default:
if(dataGB>=7)
{
rate=700;
}
else
{
printf("Invalid data input.\n");
return1;
}
break;
}
//Output the rate
printf ("The rate for %d GB of data consumption is Rs.%d\n", dataGB, rate);
getch( );
return0;
}

Output:

Result:

Thus, a C program that accepts an integer representing data consumption in GB, validates
the input, and uses a switch case to print the corresponding rates was implemented and executed
successfully.
 Ex No Title
4 Control Flow –II (Looping Statements)
a) Write a program to print all natural numbers and reverse of the natural numbers from 1
to n using while loop.

Aim:

To write a C program that prints all natural numbers from 1to n and the irreverse order using a while
loop.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the Program

Step2:Read the value of n from the keyboard

Step3:Initialize a variable i to1

Step4:Use a while loop to print natural numbers from 1 to n

Step5:Print the value of i

Step6:Increment i by1

Step7:Initialize a variable j to n

Step8:Use a while loop to print natural numbers from n to 1

Step9:Print the value of j

Step 10:Decrement j by 1

Step11:Stop the Program

Program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n,i=1,j;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the value of n:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Natural numbers from 1 to %d:\n", n);
while(i<=n) //Use a while loop to print natural numbers from 1 to n
{
printf("%d",i);
i++;
}
printf("\n");
printf("Natural numbers from %d to 1:\n", n);
 j = n;
while(j>=1) //Use a while loop to print natural numbers from n to 1
{
printf("%d", j);
j--;
}
printf("\n");
getch( );
return0;
}

Output:

Result:

Thus, a program to print all natural numbers and their reverse from 1 to n was implemented
and executed successfully.
 Expt No Title
4 Control Flow –II (Looping Statements)
b) Write a program to find Fibonacci series of a given number

Aim:

To write a C program that finds and prints the Fibonacci series up to a given number.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the Program

Step2: Read the value of n from the keyboard

Step3: Initialize the first two terms of the Fibonacci series: a=0 and b=1

Step4: Print the first two terms

Step5: Use a while loop to generate and print the next terms of the Fibonacci series until

then-th term

Step6: Calculate the next term as next=a+b

Step7: Update a and b as a = b and b = next

Step8: Print the next term

Step9: Stop the Program

Program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
int n, a=0, b=1, next,i=1;
printf("Enter the value of n:");
scanf("%d",Cn);
printf("Fibonacci series upto %d terms:\n", n);
if (n >= 1)
{
printf("%d",a);
}
if(n>=2)
{
printf("%d",b);
}
while(i<=n-2)
 {
next = a + b;
printf("%d", next);
a=b;
b=next;
i++;
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Output:

Result:

Thus, a program to find and print the Fibonacci series up to a given number was
implemented and executed successfully.
Expt No Title
4 Control Flow –II (Looping Statements)
C)Write a program to print multiplication table of any number

Aim:

To write a C program that prints the multiplication table of any given number.

Algorithm:
Step1: Start the Program
Step2: Read the value of n from the keyboard
Step3: Initialize a loop variable i to 1
Step4: Use a while loop to print the multiplication table of the given number up to 10
Step5: Print the result of the multiplication of the number with i
Step6: Increment i by1
Step7: Stop the Program

Program:

#include<std
io.h>
#include<co
nio.h>
int main( )
{
Int number, i=1;
printf("Enter the number to print its multiplication table:");
scanf("%d", &number);
printf("Multiplication table of %d:\n", number);
while (i <= 10)
{
printf("%dx%d=%d\n",number,i,number*i);
i++;
}
Return 0;
}
Output:

Result:

Thus a program to find and print the Fibonacci series up to a given number was
implemented and executed successfully.
 Ex No Title
5 Control Flow–III (Looping Statements)
a) Write a program to print Pascal Triangle

Aim:

To write a Program to print Pascal Triangle.

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start the Program
Step 2: Read rows
Step 3: Repeat for i=0 to <rows
Step 4: Repeat for space=1to<=rows
Step 5: print “ “
Step 6: Repeat step j=0 to <=i
Step 7: If(j==0||i==0)
Step 8: coef=1
Step 9: coef =coef*(i-j+1)/j;
Step 10: Print coef
Step 11: Print\n
Step 12: Stop the Program

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int rows, coef=1,space, i, j;
clrscr();
printf("Enter number of rows:");
scanf("%d",&rows);
for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
{
for(space=1;space<=rows-i;space++)
printf("");
for(j=0;j<=i; j++)
{
if(j==0||i==0)
coef = 1;
else
coef=coef*(i-j+1)/j;
printf("%4d",coef);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:

Result:

Thus a Program to print Pascal Triangle was implemented and executed successfully.
 Expt No Title
5 Control Flow –II(Looping Statements)
b)Write a program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer and test given
number is palindrome.

Aim:

To write a Program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer and test given number is
palindrome.

Algorithm:

Step1: Start the Program

Step 2: Read number

Step3: Store on=number

Step4: Calculate digit, sum Of Digits, rn and number while number not equal to 0.

Step 5: Print sum Of Digits

Step6: if rn==on

Step7: Print “Palindrome”

Step8: else Print “Not a Palindrome”

Step 9: Stop the Program

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>v

oidmain ()

intnumber=0,digit=0,sumOfDigits=0,rn=0,on; clrscr();

printf("Enteranynumber\n");

scanf("%d",Cnumber);
 on=number;

while(number!=0)

digit=number%10;

sumOfDigits=sumOfDigits+digit;

rn=rn*10+digit;

number=number/10;

printf("Sumofindividualdigitsofagivennumberis%d\n",sumOfDigits); if(rn==on)

printf("%disapalindromenumber",on);

else

printf("%disnotapalindromenumber",on);

getch();

Output:
Result:

ThusaProgramtofindthesumofindividualdigitsofapositiveintegerandtest
givennumberispalindromewasimplementedandexecutedsuccessfully.
 Expt No Title
6 Arrays(1D &2D)
a)Writeaprogramtostoreelementsinthe1-Darrayandprintthe elements in
ascending order.

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtostoreelementsinthe1-Darrayandprinttheelementsin
ascendingorder.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram Step 2:

Read n

Step3:RepeatFori=0,1,2,3…n-1; Step

4: Readarr[i]

Step5:RepeatFori=0,1,2,3…n-1

RepeatForj=i+1,1,2,3…n-1

if(arr[i]>arr[j])

temp=arr[i]; arr[i]

=arr[j]; arr[j]

=temp;

Step6:RepeatFori=0,1,2,3…n-1

Step7:Printarr[i]

Step9:StoptheProgram

Program:

/*Cprogramtosortanonedimensionalarrayinascendingorder.*/ #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>#d

efine MAX 100

intmain()
{

intarr[MAX],n,i,j;

inttemp; clrscr();

printf("Entertotalnumberofelements:");

scanf("%d",Cn);

//readarrayelements

printf("Enterarrayelements:\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("Enterelement%d:",i+1);

scanf("%d",Carr[i]);

//sortarray

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)

if(arr[i]>arr[j])

temp=arr[i]; arr[i]

=arr[j]; arr[j]

=temp;

}
 printf("\nArrayelementsaftersorting:\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("%d\n",arr[i]);

getch();

Output:

Result:

Thusaprogramtostoreelementsinthe1-Darrayandprinttheelementsin
ascendingorderwasimplementedandexecutedsuccessfully.
 Expt No Title
6 Arrays(1D &2D)
b)Writeaprogramtoprintthetransposeofamatrix.

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtoprintthetransposeofamatrix.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram Step 2:

Read r,c

Step3:RepeatForI=0,1,2,3…r-1;

RepeatForj=0,1,2,3…c-1;

Reada[i][j]

Step4:RepeatForI=0,1,2,3…r-1;

RepeatForj=0,1,2,3…c-1;

Reada[i][j]

Step5:RepeatForI=0,1,2,3…r-1;

RepeatForj=0,1,2,3…c-1;

transpose[j][i]=a[i][j]

Step6:RepeatForI=0,1,2,3…r-1;

RepeatForj=0,1,2,3…c-1;

Printtranspose[i][j]

Step7:StoptheProgram

Program:

#include<stdio.h>#i

nclude<conio.h>int

main()

{
 inta[10][10],transpose[10][10];

intr,c,i,j;

clrscr();

printf("Enterrowsandcolumnsofmatrix:");

scanf("%d %d", Cr, Cc);

printf("\nEnterelementsofmatrix:\n");//Storingelementsofthematrix for(i=0;i<r;++i)

for(j=0;j<c;++j)

printf("Enterelementa%d%d:",i+1,j+1);

scanf("%d",Ca[i][j]);

printf("\nEntered Matrix:\n");//Displayingthematrix a[][] for(i=0;i<r;+

+i)

for(j=0;j<c;++j)

printf("%d",a[i][j]);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i<r;++i) //FindingTransposeMatrix

{
 for(j=0;j<c;++j)

transpose[j][i]=a[i][j];

printf("\nTransposeofMatrix:\n");//Displayingthetransposeofmatrixa for(i=0;i<c;++i)

for(j=0;j<r;++j)

printf("%d ",transpose[i][j]);

printf("\n");

getch();//Waitforuserinputbeforeclosingtheprogram return0;

Output:
Result:

Thus,aprogramtoprintthetransposeofamatrixwasimplementedandexecuted successfully.
 Expt No Title
7 Strings
a)Writeaprogramtoillustratehowtoinitialize,readandprintthe string.

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtoillustratehowtoinitialize,readandprintthestring.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram

Step2:Initializestr

Step 3: Print str

Step4:Readname

Step5:Readstr1(usinggets)

Step6:Printstr1(usingputs) Step

7: Stop theProgram

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>v

oidmain()

charname[20], str1[20];

charstr[6]={'H','E','L','L','O'};

clrscr();

printf("InitializedStringis%s\t",str);

printf("Enteranystring:\n");

gets(name);

printf("Enteredstringis%s.\n",name);
 printf("Enteranothername\n");

gets(str1);

printf("Theenteredstringisreadandwrittenthroughgetsandputsstring funtions\n");

puts(str1);

getch();

Output:
Result:

Thusaprogramtoillustratehowtoinitialize,readandprintthestringwas implemented and

executed successfully.
 Expt No Title
7 Strings
b) Writeaprogramtoimplementstringmanipulationoperationswithlibrary function.
i) length ii)copyiii) concatenateiv)comparev)reverse

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtoimplementstringmanipulationoperationswithvariouslibrary
functions.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram Step 2:

Read ch

Step3:switch(ch)

Step 4: case 1:

Readstr1

Performi=strlen(str1)

Printi

Step5:case2:

Readstr1

Performstrrev(str1)

Printstr1

Step 6: case 3:

Read str1, str2

Performstrcat(str1,str2)

Printstr1

Step 7: case 4:

Readstr1

Performstrcpy(str1,str2)
 Printstr1

Step8: case 5:

Readstr1,str2

Performstrcmp(str1,str2)

Iftrue

Printstringsareequal else

Printstringsarenotequal

Step 9: case 6

Exit();

Step10:StoptheProgram

Program:

#include<stdio.h>#i

nclude<string.h>

#include<stdlib.h>v

oidmain()

charstr1[20],str2[20];

intch,i,j;

do

printf("\tMENU");

printf("\n \n");
printf("1:FindLengthofString"); printf("\

n2:FindReverseofString"); printf("\

n3:ConcatenateStrings"); printf("\

n5:CopyString"); printf("\

n5:CompareStrings"); printf("\n6:Exit");

printf("\n \n");

printf("\nEnteryourchoice:");

scanf("%d",Cch);

switch(ch)

case1:

printf("EnterString:");

scanf("%s",str1);

i=strlen(str1);

printf("LengthofString:%d\n\n",i); break;

case2:

printf("EnterString:");

scanf("%s",str1);

strrev(str1);

printf("Reversestring:%s\n\n",str1);

break;

case3:

printf("\nEnter First String: ");

scanf("%s",str1);
 printf("EnterSecondstring:");

scanf("%s",str2);

strcat(str1,str2);

printf("StringAfterConcatenation:%s\n\n",str1); break;

case4:

printf("Enter a String1:");

scanf("%s",str1); printf("Enter

a String2:"); scanf("%s",str2);

printf("\nStringBeforeCopied:\nString1=\"%s\",String2=\"%s\"\n",str1,str2);

strcpy(str2,str1);

printf(" \n");

printf("\"WearecopyingstringString1toString2\"\n");

printf(" \n");

printf("StringAfterCopied:\nString1=\"%s\",String2=\"%s\"\n\n",str1,str2); break;

case5:

printf("Enter First String: ");

scanf("%s",str1);

printf("EnterSecondString:");

scanf("%s",str2);

j=strcmp(str1,str2);

if(j==0)

printf("StringsareSame\n\n");
 }

else

printf("StringsareNotSame\n\n");

break;

case6:

exit(0);

break;

default:

printf("InvalidInput.PleaseEntervalidInput.\n\n");

}while(ch!=6);

getch();

Output:
Result:

Thusaprogramtoimplementstringmanipulationoperationswithlibraryfunction.
waswrittenandexecutedsuccessfully.
 Expt No Title
8 Functions
a) Write a program to illustrate sum of two numbers using all categories ofuser
defined function.

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtoillustratesumoftwonumbersusingallcategoriesofuser
definedfunction.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram Step 2:

sumwoa()

Step3:Reada,b

Step4:calculatec=a+b

Step 5: print c

Step 6: Read a,b

Step7:sumwa(a,b)

Step8:calculatec=a+b

Step 9: print c

Step10:callsumwr(); Step

11: Read a, b

Step12:calculatec=a+b Step

13: return c

Step 14: Print c

Step15:Reada,b

Step16:calculatec=a+b Step

17: return c

Step18:printc

Step19:StoptheProgram
Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>v

oidsumwoa();

voidsumwa(int,int);

intsumwr();

int sumwawr(int,int);

voidmain()

inta,b,c,d,m,n;

clrscr();

sumwoa();

printf("Entertwonumbers");

scanf("%d%d",Ca,Cb); sumwa(a,b);

c=sumwr();

printf("Sumperformedusingwithoutargumentsandwithreturnvalue:%d\n",c);

printf("Entertwonumbers");

scanf("%d%d",Cm,Cn);

d=sumwawr(m,n);

printf("Sumperformedusingwithargumentsandwithreturnvalue:%d\n",d); getch();

voidsumwoa()

intx,y,z;
 printf("Entertwonumbers");

scanf("%d%d", Cx, Cy);

z=x+y;

printf("Sumperformedusingwithoutargumentsandwithoutreturnvalue
%d\n",z);

voidsumwa(intx,inty)

intz;

z=x+y;

printf("Sumperformedusingwithargumentsandwithoutreturnvalue
%d\n",z);

intsumwr()

intx,y,z;

printf("Entertwonumbers");

scanf("%d %d", Cx, Cy);

z=x+y;

returnz;

intsumwawr(intx,inty)

intz;

z=x+y;

returnz;

}
Output:

Result:

ThusaProgramtoillustratesumoftwonumbersusingallcategoriesofuserdefined
functionwasimplementedandexecutedsuccessfully.
 Expt No Title
8 Functions
b)Writeaprogramtofindfactorialofagivennumberusingrecursion.

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtofindfactorialofagivennumberusingrecursion.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram Step 2:

Read num

Step3:if(num<0)

Step4:Printfactorialnotpossible Step

5: else

Step6:calculateresult=fact(num)
Step7:ifnum==0||num==1 return1

Step8:else

return(num*fact(num-1)) Step

9:Print result

Step10:StoptheProgram

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>in

tfactorial(int);

voidmain()

intnum;

intresult;

clrscr();
 printf("Enteranumbertofindit'sFactorial:");

scanf("%d",Cnum);

if(num<0)

printf("Factorialofnegativenumbernotpossible\n");

else

result=factorial(num);

printf("TheFactorialof%dis%d.\n",num,result);

getch();

intfactorial(intnum)

if(num==0||num==1)

return1;

else

return(num*factorial(num-1));

Output:
Result:

ThusaProgramtofindfactorialofagivennumberusingrecursionwas implemented and executed

successfully.
 Expt No Title
9 StorageClasses
a)Writeaprogramto demonstratestorageclasses.

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtodemonstratestorageclasses.

Algorithm:

Step1:Start

Step2:initializex=9(asexternvariable)

Step3:initializez=10(asglobalvariable)

Step4:initializea=32(asautomaticvariable)

Step5:initializeb=’G’(asregistervariable)

Step6:initializeb=’G’(asregistervariable)

Step7:Print‘HelloWorld’

Step 8: print a

Step10:printx,z Step

11: print b

Step12:Modifyx=2

Step13:Modifyz=5

` Step14:print x,z

Step15:Repeat(x>0)

Initializestaticvariabley=5 y++

printy

x—

Step16:Print“Bye!Seeyouagain”

Step17:Stop
Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int x = 9; //Globalvariablewithexternallinkage int z =

10; // Global variable with external linkage

intmain()

autointa=32;//Automaticvariable

registercharb='G';//Registervariable inti;

clrscr();

printf("HelloWorld!\n");

printf("Valueof'a'(autointeger):%d\n",a);

printf("Valuesof'x'and'z'(externintegers):%dand%d\n",x,z);

printf("Valueof'b'(registercharacter):%c\n",b);

x = 2; //Modifyglobalvariable'x'z=5;

//Modifyglobalvariable'z'

printf("Modifiedvaluesof'x'and'z':%dand%d\n",x,z);

printf("'y'isastaticvariableanditsvalueisnotinitializedto5afterthefirst iteration:\n");

for(i=0;i<2;++i)

staticinty=5;//Staticvariable y++;

printf("Valueof'y'initeration%d:%d\n",i+1,y);

}
 printf("Bye!Seeyousoon.:)\n");

getch();

return0;

Output:

Result:

Thus,aProgramtodemonstratestorageclasseswasimplementedandexecuted successfully.
 Expt No Title
9 StorageClasses
b)Writeaprogramtoincludeyourheaderfilenamed“NUMOPS.H”.

Aim:

TowriteaProgramtoincludeyourheaderfilenamed“NUMOPS.H”.

Algorithm:

Step1:Start

Step2:CreateheaderfilenamedNUMOPS.H

Step3:CreatemainprogramandincludetheheaderfileNUMOPS.H Step 4: Stop

theProgram

Program:

HeaderFileProgram:

//NUMOPS.H

#ifndefNUMOPS_H//Includeguard

#defineNUMOPS_H

intadd(inta,intb);//Functionprototype #endif //

NUMOPS_H

SaveCode

SaveAboveCodewith[.H]Extension.
Letnameofourheaderfilebename[NUMOPS.H]

MainProgramusingheaderfile#inc

lude<stdio.h>#include"NU

MOPS.H" voidmain()

{
 intnum1=10,num2=10,num3; num3

= add(num1, num2);

printf("AdditionofTwonumbers:%d",num3); getch();

Output:

AdditionofTwonumbers:20

Result:

Thus,aProgramtoincludeyourheaderfilenamed“NUMOPS.H”wasimplemented
andexecutedsuccessfully.
 Expt No Title
10 StructuresandPointers
a)Writeaprogramtocalculatethedifferencebetweentwotime periods.

Aim:

Towriteaprogramtocalculatethedifferencebetweentwotimeperiods.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram

Step2:Declarestructure

Step 3: readt1.hours,t1.minutes,t1.seconds Step 4:

readt2.hours,t2.minutes,t2.seconds

Step5:Difference(t1,t2,Cdiff)//Functioncall

Step 6: If (t2.seconds>t1.seconds)--t1t1.seconds+=60 Step 7:

calculate diff->seconds=t1.seconds-t2.seconds

Step8:If(t2.minutes>t2.minutes)--t2t2.minutes+=60 Step 9:

calculate differ->minutes=t1.minutes-t2.minutes;

Step10:calculatediffer->hours=t1.hours-t2.hours;

Step11:Stoptheprogram.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>st

ructTIME

intseconds;

intminutes;

inthours;

};

voidDifference(structTIMEt1,structTIMEt2,structTIME*diff);
voidmain()

struct TIMEt1,t2,diff;

clrscr();

printf("Enterstarttime:\n");

printf("Enterhours,minutesandsecondsrespectively:"); scanf("%d

%d%d",Ct1.hours,Ct1.minutes,Ct1.seconds);

printf("Enterstoptime:\n");

printf("Enterhours,minutesandsecondsrespectively:"); scanf("%d%d

%d",Ct2.hours,Ct2.minutes,Ct2.seconds);

Difference(t1,t2,Cdiff);

printf("\nTIMEDIFFERENCE:%d:%d:%d -",t1.hours,t1.minutes,t1.seconds);

printf("%d:%d:%d",t2.hours,t2.minutes,t2.seconds);

printf("=%d:%d:%d\n",diff.hours,diff.minutes,diff.seconds); getch();

voidDifference(structTIMEt1,structTIMEt2,structTIME*differ)

if(t2.seconds>t1.seconds)

--t1.minutes;

t1.seconds+=60;

differ->seconds=t1.seconds-t2.seconds;

if(t2.minutes>t1.minutes)

{
 --t1.hours;

t1.minutes+=60;

differ->minutes=t1.minutes-t2.minutes;

differ->hours=t1.hours-t2.hours;

Output:

Result:

Thus,aProgramtocountthelines,wordsandcharactersinagiventextusing
pointerswasimplementedandexecutedsuccessfully.
 Expt No Title
10 StructuresandPointers
b)Writea program tomaintain a recordofn studentdetailsusinganarrayof structures
with four fields (Roll number, Name, Marks, and Grade). Assume
appropriatedatatype foreachfield.Printthemarksofthestudent,giventhe
student’snameasinput.

Aim:

TowriteaCProgramtomaintainarecordofnstudentdetailsusinganarrayof
structureswithfourfields(Rollnumber,Name,Marks,andGrade).

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram

Step2:DeclareStructure

Step3:Defineastructurestudentwithfieldsrollno(integer),name(string),and marks(integer)

Step3:Definefunctionprototypesforaccept,displayandsearch.Step4:Declarean

arraydataofstructstudenttoholdstudentrecords.

Step5:Declarevariablesn(numberofrecords),choice(menuchoice)andname1.

Step6:Prompttheusertoenterthenumberofrecords.

Step7:Callacceptfunctiontoinputstudentdetails.

Step8:Useadowhileloopfordisplayingamenuuntiltheuserchoosestoexit.

Step9:Useaswitchstatementbasedonchoice

Step10:Endthedowhileloopwhen choiceis0. Step

11:Stop theProgram.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>st

ructstudent

{
 introllno;

charname[80];

intmarks;

};

voidaccept(structstudent[],int);

voiddisplay(structstudent[],int);

voidsearch(structstudent[],ints,charname1); intmain()

structstudentdata[20];

intn,choice;

charname1[80];

clrscr();

printf("Numberofrecordsyouwanttoenter?:");

scanf("%d",Cn);

accept(data,n); do

printf("\nResultMenu:\n");

printf("Press1todisplayallrecords.\n");

printf("Press2tosearcharecord.\n");

printf("Press0toexit\n");

printf("\nEnter choice(0-2) : ");

scanf("%d",Cchoice);

switch(choice)

{
 case1:

display(data,n);

break;

case2:

printf("Enternametosearch:");

gets(name1); search(data[],n,name1);

break;

while(choice!=0);

return0;

voidaccept(structstudentlist[80],ints)

inti;

for(i=0;i<s;i++)

printf("\nEnterdataforRecord#%d",i+1); printf("\

nEnterrollno:");

scanf("%d",Clist[i].rollno);

fflush(stdin);

printf("Entername:");

gets(list[i].name);

printf("Entermarks:");

scanf("%d",Clist[i].marks);
 }

voiddisplay(structstudentlist[80],ints)

inti; printf("\n\nRollno\tName\tMarks\n");

for(i=0;i<s;i++)

printf("%d\t%s\t%d\n",list[i].rollno,list[i].name,list[i].marks);

voidsearch(structstudentlist[80],ints,charname1)

inti;

for(i=0;i<s;i++)

if(list[i].name==name1)

printf("Rollno:%d\nMarks:%d\n",list[i].rollno,list[i].marks); return;

printf("RecordnotFound\n");

}
Result:

Thusaprogramtomaintainarecordofnstudentdetailsusinganarrayofstructures
withfourfields(Rollnumber,Name,Marks,andGrade)wasimplementedandexecuted.
 Expt No Title
10 Structuresand Pointers
C)WriteaprogramtocreateaLinkedList&displaythe elementsintheList.

Aim:

ToCreateaLinkedListCdisplaytheelementsintheList.

Algorithm:

Step1:StarttheProgram

Step2:Declarestructure

Step3:initialize*head,*first,*temp=0;

Step4:initializecount=0,choice=1 Step 5:

While (choice)

Step6:readhead->num

Step7:while(temp!=0)

Step8:printtemp->num

Step 9: print count

Step10:Stop

Program:

/*Cprogramtocreatealinkedlistanddisplaytheelementsinthelist*/

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<malloc.h>#i

nclude<stdlib.h>

voidmain()

structnode

{
 intnum;

structnode*ptr;

};

typedef struct node NODE;

NODE*head,*first,*temp=0; int

count = 0;

intchoice=1;

clrscr();

first=0;

while(choice)

head=(NODE*)malloc(sizeof(NODE));

printf("Enterthedataitem\n"); scanf("%d",

Chead-> num);

if(first!=0)

temp->ptr=head;

temp=head;

else

first=temp=head;

fflush(stdin);

printf("Doyouwanttocontinue(Type0or1)?\n");

scanf("%d",Cchoice);
 }

temp->ptr=0;/*resettemptothebeginning*/ temp=first;

printf("\nstatusofthelinkedlistis\n");

while(temp!=0)

printf("%d=>",temp->num); count+

+;

temp=temp->ptr;

printf("NULL\n");

printf("No.ofnodesinthelist=%d\n",count); getch();

Output:

Result:

Thus,aprogramtocreateaLinkedListCdisplaytheelementsintheListwas created and executed

successfully.