SKIPS University – School of Computer Science

Integrated M Sc(Information Technology) - Batch 2024- 29

Bachelor of Computer Applications (Hons.) - Batch 2024- 28
Practical Solution For reference

1. Declare and initialize variables of different data types and print their
values.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Declare and initialize variables of different data types
int integerVar = 42; // Integer
float floatVar = 3.14f; // Float
double doubleVar = 2.718281828; // Double
char charVar = 'A'; // Character
char stringVar[] = "Hello, World"; // String (character array)
// Print their values
printf("Integer: %d\n", integerVar);
printf("Float: %.2f\n", floatVar); // Print float with 2 decimal places
printf("Double: %.6f\n", doubleVar); // Print double with 6 decimal
places
printf("Character: %c\n", charVar);
printf("String: %s\n", stringVar);

return 0;
}

 Data Types:
 int: For integer values.
 float: For single-precision floating-point values.
 double: For double-precision floating-point values.
 char: For single characters.
  char[]: For strings (array of characters).

 Printing:
 %d is used for integers.
 %.2f is used for floats with 2 decimal places.
 %.6f is used for doubles with 6 decimal places.
 %c is used for characters.
 %s is used for strings.

2. Define and use integer, float, and character constants in a program

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Define constants
const int INT_CONSTANT = 100; // Integer constant
const float FLOAT_CONSTANT = 9.81f; // Float constant (use 'f' to
indicate float)
const char CHAR_CONSTANT = 'Z'; // Character constant

// Use the constants in calculations and printing

int result = INT_CONSTANT * 2;
float gravity = FLOAT_CONSTANT;
char nextChar = CHAR_CONSTANT + 1; // Get the next character

// Print the values

printf("Integer Constant: %d\n", INT_CONSTANT);
printf("Result of Integer Constant multiplied by 2: %d\n", result);
 printf("Float Constant: %.2f\n", FLOAT_CONSTANT);
printf("Character Constant: %c\n", CHAR_CONSTANT);
printf("Next Character: %c\n", nextChar);

return 0;
}

3.Use arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %) to perform basic calculations

between two numbers.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Declare two integer variables
int num1, num2;
// Ask the user for input
printf("Enter the first number: ");
scanf("%d", &num1);
printf("Enter the second number: ");
scanf("%d", &num2);
// Perform calculations using arithmetic operators
int sum = num1 + num2; // Addition
int difference = num1 - num2; // Subtraction
int product = num1 * num2; // Multiplication
float quotient = (float)num1 / num2; // Division (cast to float for accurate
result)
int remainder = num1 % num2; // Modulus (remainder of division)

// Print the results

printf("Sum: %d + %d = %d\n", num1, num2, sum);
printf("Difference: %d - %d = %d\n", num1, num2, difference);
printf("Product: %d * %d = %d\n", num1, num2, product);
 printf("Quotient: %d / %d = %.2f\n", num1, num2, quotient); // Print float
with 2 decimal places
printf("Remainder: %d %% %d = %d\n", num1, num2, remainder);

return 0;
}
4.Demonstrate Implicit Type Conversion by Assigning a Float Value to an
Integer Variable.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 5; // Integer
float b = 3.2; // Float

// Implicit type conversion occurs when an integer is added to a float

float result = a + b; // 'a' is implicitly converted to float
printf("Result of addition: %.2f\n", result); // Output will be 8.20
return 0;
}

5.Implement Explicit Type Casting to Convert a Float Value to an Integer

#include <stdio.h>

void main() {
float float_value = 7.89; // Float value
int int_value = (int) float_value; // Explicitly casting float to int
printf("Float value: %.2f\n", float_value);
printf("Converted to int: %d\n", int_value); // Output will be 7 (fractional
part is discarded)
getch();
}
6.Using Arithmetic Operators (+, -, , /, %) to Perform Basic Calculations
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int x = 10;
int y = 3;
// Addition
int addition = x + y;
printf("Addition: %d + %d = %d\n", x, y, addition);
// Subtraction
int subtraction = x - y;
printf("Subtraction: %d - %d = %d\n", x, y, subtraction);
// Multiplication
int multiplication = x * y;
printf("Multiplication: %d * %d = %d\n", x, y, multiplication);
// Division (returns integer result)
int division = x / y; // Integer division
printf("Division: %d / %d = %d\n", x, y, division);
// Modulus (remainder of division)
int modulus = x % y;
printf("Modulus: %d %% %d = %d\n", x, y, modulus);
getch();
}
7.Use Relational Operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=) to Compare Two Numbers
and Print the Results.
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 5;
// Equality check
if (num1 == num2) {
 printf("%d is equal to %d\n", num1, num2);
} else {
printf("%d is not equal to %d\n", num1, num2);
}
// Greater than check
if (num1 > num2) {
printf("%d is greater than %d\n", num1, num2);
}

// Less than check

if (num1 < num2) {
printf("%d is less than %d\n", num1, num2);
}
// Greater than or equal to check
if (num1 >= num2) {
printf("%d is greater than or equal to %d\n", num1, num2);
}
// Less than or equal to check
if (num1 <= num2) {
printf("%d is less than or equal to %d\n", num1, num2);
}
getch();
}
8.Implement a Simple Program Using Logical Operators (&&, ||, !) to
Combine Multiple Conditions.
#include <stdio.h>

void main() {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int c = 20;

// Logical AND (&&)

if (a > b && a < c) {
printf("a is greater than b AND less than c\n");
} else {
printf("Either a is not greater than b OR a is not less than c\n");
}

// Logical OR (||)
if (a > b || b > c) {
printf("a is greater than b OR b is greater than c\n");
} else {
printf("Neither a is greater than b NOR b is greater than c\n");
}
// Logical NOT (!)
if (!(a == b)) {
printf("a is not equal to b\n");
}
getch();
}
9.Demonstrate the Use of Increment and Decrement Operators (++, --) on
an Integer Variable.
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int num = 5;
// Using the increment operator (++)
printf("Initial value of num: %d\n", num);
// Prefix increment
printf("Prefix increment: ++num = %d\n", ++num); // num is incremented
before it's used

// Postfix increment
printf("Postfix increment: num++ = %d\n", num++); // num is used first,
then incremented
printf("Value of num after postfix increment: %d\n", num);
// Using the decrement operator (--)
// Prefix decrement
printf("Prefix decrement: --num = %d\n", --num); // num is decremented
before it's used
// Postfix decrement
printf("Postfix decrement: num-- = %d\n", num--); // num is used first, then
decremented
printf("Value of num after postfix decrement: %d\n", num);
getch();
}
10.Write a Program to Check Whether a Given Number is Even or Odd
Using an if-else Statement.
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int num;
// Prompt user for input
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
// Check if the number is even or odd
if (num % 2 == 0) {
printf("%d is even.\n", num);
} else {
printf("%d is odd.\n", num);
}
getch();
}
11. Calculate the Final Price of a Meal Based on the Order Value
Problem: Write a C program that calculates the final price of a meal
based on the total amount entered by the user. Apply a discount based on
the following criteria:
 10% discount for orders over ₹500.
 15% discount for orders over ₹1000.
 20% discount for orders over ₹2000.
Additionally, include a service charge of 5% of the final discounted
price.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float totalAmount, finalPrice, discountAmount, serviceCharge;

// Ask the user for the total order amount

printf("Enter the total order amount: ₹");
scanf("%f", &totalAmount);

// Validate the input to ensure the amount is positive

if (totalAmount <= 0) {
 printf("Invalid input! The order amount must be positive.\n");
return 1;
}

// Calculate discount based on the total amount

if (totalAmount > 2000) {
discountAmount = totalAmount * 0.20; // 20% discount
} else if (totalAmount > 1000) {
discountAmount = totalAmount * 0.15; // 15% discount
} else if (totalAmount > 500) {
discountAmount = totalAmount * 0.10; // 10% discount
} else {
discountAmount = 0; // No discount
}

// Calculate the final price after discount

finalPrice = totalAmount - discountAmount;

// Apply service charge of 5% on the discounted price

serviceCharge = finalPrice * 0.05;

// Calculate the final price after adding the service charge

finalPrice += serviceCharge;

// Display the final price

printf("The final price after discount and service charge is: ₹%.2f\n",
finalPrice);

return 0;
}
12. Calculate the Final Loan Amount Based on Interest Rates
Problem: Write a C program that calculates the final loan amount
including interest based on the principal amount and the loan term. The
interest rates are:
 5% for loans of ₹5000 or less.
 7% for loans between ₹5001 and ₹10000.
 10% for loans above ₹10000.
Validation: Ensure that the principal amount is positive.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float principal, finalAmount, interestAmount;
int loanTerm;

// Ask the user for the principal amount and loan term
 printf("Enter the principal amount: ₹");
scanf("%f", &principal);
printf("Enter the loan term in years: ");
scanf("%d", &loanTerm);

// Validate the input to ensure the principal is positive

if (principal <= 0 || loanTerm <= 0) {
printf("Invalid input! Principal amount and loan term must be
positive.\n");
return 1;
}

// Calculate interest rate based on the principal amount

if (principal > 10000) {
interestAmount = principal * 0.10 * loanTerm; // 10% interest
} else if (principal > 5000) {
interestAmount = principal * 0.07 * loanTerm; // 7% interest
} else {
interestAmount = principal * 0.05 * loanTerm; // 5% interest
}

// Calculate the final loan amount

finalAmount = principal + interestAmount;

// Display the final amount to be repaid

printf("The final loan amount to be repaid is: ₹%.2f\n", finalAmount);

return 0;
}
13. Calculate the Final Salary Based on Experience
Problem: Write a C program that calculates the final salary of an
employee based on their basic salary and years of experience:
 5% bonus for employees with less than 5 years of experience.
 10% bonus for employees with 5-10 years of experience.
 15% bonus for employees with more than 10 years of experience.
Validation: Ensure that the basic salary is positive and years of
experience is a non-negative integer.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float basicSalary, finalSalary, bonus;
int experience;

// Ask the user for basic salary and experience

printf("Enter the basic salary: ₹");
 scanf("%f", &basicSalary);
printf("Enter years of experience: ");
scanf("%d", &experience);

// Validate the input

if (basicSalary <= 0 || experience < 0) {
printf("Invalid input! Basic salary must be positive and experience
cannot be negative.\n");
return 1;
}

// Calculate bonus based on experience

if (experience > 10) {
bonus = basicSalary * 0.15; // 15% bonus
} else if (experience >= 5) {
bonus = basicSalary * 0.10; // 10% bonus
} else {
bonus = basicSalary * 0.05; // 5% bonus
}

// Calculate the final salary

finalSalary = basicSalary + bonus;

// Display the final salary

printf("The final salary after bonus is: ₹%.2f\n", finalSalary);

return 0;
}
14. Calculate the Final Rent Based on Lease Duration
Problem: Write a C program that calculates the total rent based on the
number of months for a lease. The rent discount applies as follows:
 5% discount for leases of 6-12 months.
 10% discount for leases of 13-24 months.
 15% discount for leases of 25 months or more.
Validation: Ensure that the number of months entered is positive and the
rent is greater than zero.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float rent, totalRent, discount;
int months;

// Ask the user for the rent amount and lease duration
printf("Enter the monthly rent: ₹");
scanf("%f", &rent);
 printf("Enter the lease duration in months: ");
scanf("%d", &months);

// Validate the input

if (rent <= 0 || months <= 0) {
printf("Invalid input! Rent and lease duration must be positive.\n");
return 1;
}

// Calculate the discount based on lease duration

if (months >= 25) {
discount = 0.15; // 15% discount
} else if (months >= 13) {
discount = 0.10; // 10% discount
} else if (months >= 6) {
discount = 0.05; // 5% discount
} else {
discount = 0; // No discount
}

// Calculate the total rent after discount

totalRent = rent * months * (1 - discount);

// Display the total rent

printf("The total rent after discount for %d months is: ₹%.2f\n",
months, totalRent);

return 0;
}