Question Bank Answers :-
1. Define an algorithm. Write an algorithm to find whether a number is prime or not.
Answer :
Definition: An algorithm is a finite set of instructions to solve a specific problem.
Algorithm to check prime:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read number n
Step 3: If n <= 1, then print "Not Prime" and stop
Step 4: Set i = 2
Step 5: Repeat while i <= n/2
If n % i == 0
Print "Not Prime"
Stop
i=i+1
Step 6: Print "Prime"
Step 7: Stop
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2. Define a flowchart. Explain the commonly used flowchart symbols along with their
meanings and example.
Answer :
Definition: A flowchart is a diagram that represents a process or algorithm using symbols.
Common Symbols:
Oval - Terminator - Represents the start or end of a flowchart - Start, End
Diamond - Decision - Represents a decision with Yes/No paths. - Is number > 0?
Rectangle - Process - Indicates a processing step - sum = a + b
Parallelogram - Input/Output - Used to take input or display output - Input , Output
Arrow Flowline - Shows the direction of flow between steps - Connects all symbols
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3. Develop a C program to swap two numbers using XOR (^) bitwise operator without
using a temporary variable.
Answer :
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 10;
printf("Before swap: a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b);
a = a ^ b;
b = a ^ b;
a = a ^ b;
printf("After swap: a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
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4. Classify and describe the various data types available in c language with an example
Answer :
Primary Data Types: int, float, char, double
Derived Types: Arrays, Pointers
User-defined: struct, union, enum
Void: Indicates no value
Example:
int a = 5;
float pi = 3.14;
char ch = 'A';
(OR)
Primary Data Types
int – for integers → int a = 10;
float – for decimal values → float pi = 3.14;
double – for large decimal values → double g = 9.81;
char – for single characters → char ch = 'A';
Derived Data Types
Array – int marks[5];
Pointer – int *ptr;
Function – int sum(int a, int b);
User-Defined Data Types
struct – Combines different data types → struct student { int id; char name[20]; };
union – Like struct but shares memory
enum – For named integer constants
typedef – To rename data types
Void Type
void – Means no value or return → void display();
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5. Describe different Input and Output statements in C:
Answer :
Input: scanf()
Output: printf()
Example:
int a;
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("Value: %d", a);
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6. List types of C tokens and explain Various Constants that are available in c
Answer :
Tokens in C:
1. Keywords
2. Identifiers
3. Constants
4. Operators
5. Special Symbols
Constants in C:
1.Integer constants: 10, -2
2.Float constants: 3.14
3.Character constants: 'a'
4.String constants: "hello"
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7. Define Type Casting. Briefly explain the types of typecasting in c with examples.
Answer :
Definition: Converting one data type into another.
(OR)
Definition:
Type casting in C is the process of converting one data type into another. It helps in performing
operations between different types of variables.
Types of Type Casting in C:
Implicit Type Casting (Automatic)
1.Performed by the compiler.
2.Converts a smaller data type to a larger data type to prevent data loss.
Example:
int a = 5;
float b = a; // int automatically converted to float
Explicit Type Casting (Manual)
1.Performed by the programmer using the cast operator.
2.Syntax: (type) expression
Example:
float a = 10.75;
int b = (int) a; // float manually converted to int (decimal part lost)
printf("b = %d", b); // Output: 10
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8. Explain different types operators in c with example
Answer :
Arithmetic: performs basic arithmetic operations
+, -, *, /, %
Relational: compares values , returns true or false
==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
Logical: combines multiple conditions
&&, ||, !
Assignment: assign value to a variable
=, +=, -=
Bitwise: works on bits
&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
Example:
int a = 5, b = 3;
printf("%d", a + b); // Output: 8
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9. Given a set of n students examination marks (0-100). Design an algorithm and draw
flowchart to make a count of number of students that passed the examination. (hint: pass
mark>-40).
Answer :
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read total number of students (n)
Step 3: Initialize count = 0
Step 4: Repeat steps 5–7 for i = 1 to n
Step 5: Read marks
Step 6: If marks > 40 then
Increment count by 1
Step 7: End loop
Step 8: Print count (number of students who passed)
Step 9: Stop
Flowchart:
Start (oval)
↓
input n (parallelogram)
↓
initialize count = 0 (rectangle)
↓
→loop from i=1 to n (decision box or process)
↓
input mark (parallelogram)
↓
is mark › 40 ? (desicion)
↓
If Yes: count = count + 1 (Rectangle)
↓
After loop ends → Print count (Parallelogram)
↓
End (Oval)
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10. Explain the syntax of switch statement, Write a C program to perform
addition,subtraction, multiplication and division by using switch statement
Answer :
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a, b, choice;
float result;
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
printf("Choose operation:\n");
printf("1. Addition\n2. Subtraction\n3. Multiplication\n4. Division\n");
printf("Enter your choice (1-4): ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice) {
case 1:
result = a + b;
printf("Sum = %.2f\n", result);
break;
case 2:
result = a - b;
printf("Difference = %.2f\n", result);
break;
case 3:
result = a * b;
printf("Product = %.2f\n", result);
break;
case 4:
if (b != 0)
result = (float)a / b;
else
printf("Error: Division by zero\n");
printf("Quotient = %.2f\n", result);
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice\n");
}
return 0;
}
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