CALCULUS II

Chapter 2: DOUBLE INTEGRALS

LE THAI THANH

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

DOUBLE INTEGRALS:
Definition and Properties
Definition 1: Let f px , y q be a function defined on the
bounded region D of R2 . A double integral of f on D is
denoted by
¼ ¼
I  f px , y q dA  f px , y q dxdy
D D

Properties of Double Integrals

¼ ¼ ¼
(a) rf px , y q g px , y qsdA  f px , y qdA g px , y qdA
D D D
¼ ¼
(b) Cf px , y qdA  C f px , y qdA , C is a constant.
D D
Properties of Double Integrals

(c) If f px , y q ¤ g px , y q for all px , y q in D, then

¼ ¼
f px , y qdA ¤ g px , y qdA
D D

(d) If D  D1 Y D2 and D1 X D2  H, then

¼ ¼ ¼
f px , y qdA  f px , y qdA f px , y qdA
D D1 D2
¼
(e) 1  dA  ApD q - the area of the region D.
D
(f) If m ¤ f px , y q ¤ M for all px , y q in D, then
¼
m  ApD q ¤ f px , y qdA ¤ M  ApD q
D
EVALUATE DOUBLE
INTEGRALS
CASE 1
If the region D is a rectangle

D  tpx , y q | a ¤ x ¤ b; c ¤ y ¤ d u
 
¼ »b »d »d »b
f px , y qdA  p
 f x , y dy q dx  p q
 f x , y dx dy
D a c c a

Note that if f px , y q  g px q  hpy q, then we have

 
¼ »b »d
f px , y qdA   g x dx pq   h y dypq
D a c
 ¼
Example 1: Evaluate I  p2x 2y 3xy 2 qdA where D is a

 tpx , y q | 0 ¤ x ¤ 2; 1 ¤ y ¤ 2u.
D
rectangle D
We have


 y 2
»2 »2 »2
I  p
 2x 2 y 3xy qdy dx
2
 2 2
x y xy  dx
3

0 1 0

y 1

»2  
7 2 2
 p3x 2
7x qdx  x 3
2
x   22
0
0
 ¼
Example 2: Evaluate I  r 3 cos2 θ drdθ where Ω is a
! Ω )
rectangle Ω  pr , θq | 0 ¤ r ¤ 3; 0 ¤ θ ¤ π4 .
We have
»3 
r 4 3
I1  3
r dr  4 0
 814
0
» π {4 » π {4  π{4

I2  cos θ dθ2
 1 cos 2θ
2
dθ  θ
2
sin 2θ
4


0 0 0

 π
8
1
4

81
π
And then I  I1  I2  81
4
 π
8
1
4
 16
 2 1
CASE 2
If the region D is given by (See Figure)

D  tpx , y q | a ¤ x ¤ b; g1px q ¤ y ¤ g2px qu


¼ »b g»pq
2 x »b g»pq
2 x

f px , y qdA  f px , y q dy  f px , y qdy
 
 dx dx
D a g1 x pq a pq
g1 x
 ¼
Example 3: Evaluate I  px 2y qdA where D is the
D
region bounded by the parabolas y  2x 2 and y  1 x 2.

Solution :

The parabolas intersect when

2x 2  1 x 2 , that is, x 2  1, so
x  1. The region D is shown
in Figure and we can write

D  t
1 ¤ x ¤ 1, 2x 2 ¤ y ¤ 1 x 2u
 »1 »1 »1
x2  y 1
I  px 2y q dy dx  xy y2 
x2
dx

1 2x 2
1 y 2x 2
»1
 
 x p1 x 2q p1 x 2 q2
x p2x 2 q
p2x 2 q2 dx

1
»1


3x 4
x 3 2x 2 x 1 dx

1
 x 1
5 x4 x3 x2 

3 x5
2 x 
  32
4 3 2 x 
1 15
 ¼
Example 4: Evaluate I  px 2 y 2 qdA where D is the
D
region bounded by the line y  2x and the parabola y  x 2.

Solution :

From the figure we see that the

region D is given by

D  t0 ¤ x ¤ 2, x 2 ¤ y ¤ 2x u
 » 2 » 2x »2 y 2x
y3
I  px 2
y 2
q dy dx  x y 2
dx
0 x2 0 3 
y x2
»2 
 2
x
p 2x q3 p x 2 q3
p2x q 3
x px q
3 dx
2 2
0
»2
8x 3 6
 2x 3
3

x 4
x3 dx
0
 x 2
 7 62
25
21
14 x 4 x5 x7  4 5 7
 



2
 216
3 4 5 21 
x 0 35
CASE 3
If the region D is given by (See Figure)

D  tpx , y q | c ¤ y ¤ d; h1py q ¤ x ¤ h2py qu


¼ »d h»pq
2 y »d h»pq
2 y

f px , y qdA  f px , y qdx dy  f px , y qdx

 
 dy
D c h1 y pq c pq
h1 y
 ¼
Example 5: Evaluate I  xy dA where D is the region
D
bounded by the line y  x
1 and the parabola y 2  2x 6.

Solution :

From the figure we see that the

region D is given by
$ ,

2 ¤ y ¤ 4,
& .
D y2
%
2

3¤x ¤y 1 -
 »4 »y 1 »4  x y 1
x2
I  xy dx dy  y dy

2 {

y2 2 3
2 2  {

x y2 2 3
»4  
 py 1q2
y

p y 2 { 2
3 q2
y dy

2 2 2
»4 
y5
 2y 3 y2

4y dy

2 8
 y 4
y4 y3 y6 


2y 2 

2 3 48 y 
2
 
 128
64
3

256
3

32
8

8
3

34
8  36
DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN
POLAR COORDINATES
 Recall from Figure that the po-
lar coordinates pr , θq of a point
are related to the rectangular
coordinates px , y q by the equa-
tions
x  r cos θ, y  r sin θ
r 2  x 2 y 2 , tan θ 
y
x

So any region in the rectangular coordinates could be changed

to the polar coordinates. For example, a disk
D  tpx , y q | x 2 y2 ¤ 1u
can be rewritten in the polar coordinates as
D  tpr , θq | 0 ¤ r ¤ 1, 0 ¤ θ ¤ 2πu
CASE 4
If the region D is given in the polar coordinates by
D  tpr , θq | α ¤ θ ¤ β; h1pθq ¤ r ¤ h2pθqu

¼ » β » h2 pθq
f px , y qdA  f pr cos θ, r sin θq r dr dθ
α pq
h1 θ
D
 ¼
Example 6: Evaluate I  p3x 4y 2 q dA where D is
D
the region in the upper half-plane bounded by the circles
x2 y2  1 and x 2 y2  4.

Solution :

From the figure we see that the

region D is given by

D  t1 ¤ r ¤ 2, 0 ¤ θ ¤ πu
 »π»2
I  p3r cos θ 4r 2 sin2 θqr dr dθ
0 1
»π »2
 p3r 2 cos θ 4r 3 sin2 θq dr dθ
0 1
»π r 2 r 2 
 
 
3
cos θ r  
sin2 θ r 4  dθ
0 r 1 
r 1
»π
 
 7 cos θ 15 sin2 θ dθ
»0π  
 7 cos θ
15
2
p1
cos 2θq dθ
0

θπ

 7 sin θ
15
θ

15
sin 2θ   15π
2 4 θ 0 2
 ¼
Example 7: Evaluate I  px 2 y 2 q dA where D is the
D
region inside the circles x 2 y2  2x .

Solution :

From the figure we see that the

region D is given by
# +
D

π
2
¤ θ¤ ,
π
2
0 ¤ r ¤ 2 cos θ
 » π {2   
r 4 r 2 cos θ
» π{2 » 2 cos θ
I  pr 2qr dr dθ  4 r 0
dθ

π{2 0
π { 2
» π {2 » π {2
 4 cos θ dθ4
8 cos4 θ dθ

π{2 0
» π{2  2
 8
1 cos 2θ
2
dθ
0
»π 2{ 
 2 1 2 cos 2θ
1 cos 4θ
2
dθ
0

θπ{2

 2
3
θ sin 2θ
1
sin 4θ   3π2
2 8 θ 0
 APPLICATIONS OF
DOUBLE INTEGRALS
The Area of The Region

The area of the closed, bounded region D in the plane is given

by ¼
ApD q  1 dA
D

Example 8: Find the area of the region bounded by the

parabola y 2  4x 4 and the line x y  2.

Solution : The parabola y 2  4x 4 intersects the line

x  2 at the points p0, 2q and p8,
6q. The region D can
y
be expressed as D  t
6 ¤ y ¤ 2, 41 y 2
1 ¤ x ¤ 2
y u
 » 2 » 2
y
ApD q  dx dy

6 1 2
4
y
1
»2   
 p2
y q
y
1
1 2
dy

6 4
»2   y 2
y2 y2 y3 
 3
y
dy  3y




6 4 2 12 y 
6

 6
2

2
3

p
18
18 18q 
64
3
Example 9: Use a double integral to find the area enclosed
by one loop of the four-leaved rose r  cos 2θ.

Solution :

From the figure we see that the

region D is given by
! )
D 
π4 ¤ θ ¤ π4 , 0 ¤ r ¤ cos 2θ
So the area is
» π{4 » cos 2θ » π {4  cos 2θ
r2 
ApD q  r dr dθ  
 dθ

π { 4 0
π{4 2 
θ 0
» » π {4
1 π{4
 cos2 2θ dθ  41 p1 cos 4θq dθ
2
π{4
π { 4

θπ{4

 1
θ
1
sin 4θ   π8
4 4 θ
π {4
The Volume of The Solid
Suppose that f is a function of two variables defined on a
closed region D and for any px , y q P D, f px , y q ¥ 0. Let V
be the solid that lies above D and under the graph of f , that
is,

V  tpx , y , z q P R3 | 0 ¤ z ¤ f px , y q, px , y q P D u
Then the volume of V is given by the following formula
¼
V  f px , y q dA
D

Example 10: Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded

by the planes x 2y z  2, x  2y , x  0, and z  0.
Solution :

The tetrahedron T is bounded by the coordinate planes

x   0, the vertical plane x  2y , and the plane
0, z
x 2y z  2. Since the plane x 2y z  2 intersects the
xy -plane (whose equation is z  0) in the line x 2y  2,
we see that T lies above the triangular region D in the
xy -plane bounded by the lines x  2y , x 2y  2, and

x  0.
The plane x 2y z  2 can be written as z  2
x
2y ,
so the required volume lies under the graph of the function
z  2
x
2y and above
D  tpx , y q | 0 ¤ x ¤ 1, x {2 ¤ y ¤ 1
x {2u
Therefore
¼ » 1 » 1
x {2
V  p2
x
2y q dA  p2
x
2y q dy dx
0 {
x 2
D

 y 1
x {2
»1
 2y
xy
y 
2
dx
0 {
y x 2

x
1q3 x 1 1
»1
 p
px
1q dx  3   3
2
0 
x 0
Surface Area
Let S be a surface with equation z  f px , y q, where f has
continuous partial derivatives. For simplicity, we assume that
f px , y q ¥ 0 for all px , y q in the region D, that is the projection
of S on the xy -plane. Then the area of S is calculating by
d
¼  
ApS q 
Bf 2
Bf 2
1
Bx By dA
D

Example 11: Find the surface area of the part of the surface
z  x2 2y that lies above the triangular region D in the
xy -plane with vertices p0, 0q, p1, 0q, and p1, 1q.
Solution : The region D is described by D  t0 ¤ x ¤
1, 0 ¤ y ¤ x u. We get
¼ a ¼ a
ApS q  1 p2x q 2 p 2q 2 dA  5 4x 2 dy dx
D D
»1 a x 1


 x 5 4x 2 dx   p5
1 2
4x q{
2 3 2
0
? 8 3 
x 0
27
5 5
 12
Density and Mass

Suppose the lamina occupies a region D of the xy -plane and

its density (in units of mass per unit area) at a point px , y q
in D is given by ρpx , y q, where ρ is a continuous function on
D. Then the total mass m¼of the lamina is
m ρpx , y q dA
D
Physicists also consider other types of density. For example,
if an electric charge is distributed over a region D and the
charge density (in units of charge per unit area) is given by
σ px , y q at a point px , y q in D, then the total charge Q is
given by ¼
Q  σ px , y q dA
D
Example 12: Charge is distributed over the triangular region
D  t0 ¤ x ¤ 1, 1
x ¤ y ¤ 1u so that the charge density
at px , y q is σ px , y q  xy , measured in coulombs per square
meter (C {m2 ). Find the total charge.

Solution :

y 2 y 1
¼ »1»1 »1
Q  σ px , y qdA  xy dy dx  x  dx
0

1 x 0 2 y 1
x
D
»1   x 1
1 2x 3 x4
 1
p2x
x q dx 
2 3

 245
2 0 2 3 4 
x 0
Moments and Centers of Mass
Suppose the lamina occupies a region D and has density func-
tion ρpx , y q. Then the moment of the entire lamina about
the x -axis: ¼
Mx  y ρpx , y q dA
D
Similarly, the moment about the y -axis is
¼
My  x ρpx , y q dA
D
The coordinates px , y q of the center of mass of a lamina
occupying the region D and having density function ρpx , y q
are
x  Mmy , y  Mmx
where m is the mass of the lamina.
Example 13: Find the mass and center of mass of a triangular
lamina with vertices p0, 0q, p1, 0q, and p0, 2q if the density
function is ρpx , y q  1 3x y.

Solution :
The triangle is shown in Figure.
(Note that the equation of the up-
per boundary is y  2
2x .) The
mass of the lamina is
» 1 » 2
2x
m  p1 3x y qdydx
0 0

»1 y 2
2x »1
y2
 y 3xy dx  4 p1
x 2qdx  38
0 2 
y 0 0
 ¼ » 1 » 2
2x
x  1
m
x ρpx , y qdA 
3
8
px 3x 2 xy qdydx
0 0
D
»1 y 2
2x
y2
 3
xy 2
3x y x dx
8 0 2 
y 0
»1
 3
2 0
px
x 3qdx  38
¼ » »
3 1 2
2x
y  1
m
y ρpx , y qdA 
8 0 0
py 3xy y 2 qdydx
D
»1 y 2
2x
y2 y2 y3
 3
3x dx
8 0 2 2 3 
y 0
»1
 1
4
p7
9x
3x 2 5x 3 qdx  16
11
0
That’s all. Thanks a lot

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