Steel Structure Design - Detailed Notes
Unit-1
Introduction:
- Steel is widely used in structural applications due to its high strength, ductility, and availability.
- Merits: High strength-to-weight ratio, ductility, prefabrication, recyclability.
- Demerits: Susceptibility to corrosion, fire, and maintenance requirements.
Structural Properties:
- Yield strength, tensile strength, ductility, toughness.
- Allowable stress: Based on working stress method or limit state method.
Standard Rolled Steel Sections:
- Common sections: I-sections, channels, angles, T-sections.
- Designations: Based on size and weight/meter (e.g., ISMB 300).
Theories of Steel Design:
- IS: 800 Code for steel design.
- Working Stress Method (WSM): Based on elastic theory, uses factor of safety.
- Limit State Method (LSM): Considers ultimate load and serviceability limit states.
- Merits & Limitations:
* WSM: Simpler, conservative.
* LSM: Realistic, considers different failure modes.
- Present Trends: Increasing use of LSM, software-based design, modular steel structures.
Unit-2
Steel Compression Members:
Steel Structure Design - Detailed Notes
- Buckling: Sudden lateral deflection due to axial compressive forces.
- Slenderness ratio (slenderness ratio (lambda)) = Effective length / Radius of gyration.
- Effective length depends on end conditions.
- Allowable stress decreases with increase in slenderness.
Use of Tables:
- Design tables from IS:800 used to find allowable stress for given slenderness ratio (lambda).
- Built-up sections and lacing used for large columns.
Steel Tension Members:
- Types: Single angle, double angle (back-to-back).
- Failure modes: Yielding, rupture, block shear.
Steel Beams:
- M/Z concept: Bending stress = M/Z.
- Simple design without detailed calculation.
- Built-up beams and plate girders: Fabricated sections to resist heavy loads.
Unit-3
Connections in Steel Structures:
- Types: Riveted, Welded, and Bolted.
- Riveted: Traditional, now obsolete in most cases.
- Bolted: Easy to install, high strength, widely used.
- Welded: Permanent, efficient, requires skilled labor.
Steel Structure Design - Detailed Notes
Merits of Welded over Riveted:
- No hole drilling needed, stronger, airtight and watertight.
Modes of Failure:
- Riveted: Shear failure, bearing failure.
- Welded: Weld metal failure, heat-affected zone cracking.
Design of Simple Connections:
- Riveted: Based on shear and bearing strength.
- Welded: Based on throat thickness and length of weld.
Unit-4
Steel Roof Trusses:
- Functions: Transfer roof loads to supports, span large distances.
- Merits: Lightweight, economical, fast construction.
- Applications: Industrial sheds, auditoriums, railway stations.
Terminology:
- Chord, web, apex, pitch, panel points.
Structural Components:
- Top chord: In compression.
- Bottom chord: In tension.
- Web members: Transfer loads between chords.
Steel Structure Design - Detailed Notes
Design (No analysis required):
- Introduction to SP:38: Handbook for truss detailing.
- Common trusses: Pratt, Howe, Fink, Warren.
- Used in steel-framed buildings and pre-engineered buildings.
