Lesson # 1
Introduction to
Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Equation
- is a polynomial equation of degree 2, were the
highest power of the variable is 2.
1. The equation x2 = 0 is a quadratic
equation. True or False
2. The equation (3 - 2x) (3 + 2x) = -4x (x - 1) is
not a quadratic equation. True or False
3. Which of the following is not a quadratic
equation?
A. x2 = (x –11) (x + 4) C. 2(–2x2 + 1) = 1
B. -3x = 3(x + 6) (x – 6) D. 0 = 1 – x(3x)
Graph of Equation
One root 2 roots 3 roots
Roots of a Quadratic Equation
- all values of the variable that satisfy a given quadratic
equation in one variable.
Standard Form of a Quadratic Equation:
End of Lesson 1.1
ACTIVITY 1.1
JOURNAL WITING 1.1
Lesson # 2
Solving Quadratic
Equations
Solving Quadratic Equations:
A quadratic equation can have two real roots, one real root, or
no real root. There are several methods for solving quadratic
equations.
▪ Factoring
▪ Completing the Square
▪ Quadratic Formula
▪ Graphical
▪ FACTORING
1. Write the equation in the standard form: ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b,
and c are coefficients.
2. Check if the quadratic equation can be factored. If cannot be
factored, consider using other methods.
3. Look for common factors, if there is a common factor, factor it out.
4. Factor the quadratic equation into two binomial factors. You need to
find two numbers whose product is equal to a times c and whose sum
is equal to b.
5. Set each binomial equal to zero and solve the resulting linear
equations to find the values of “x”.
6. Verify the solution by substituting them back into original equation
to ensure they satisfy the equation.
a. Common Monomial Factor
ab + ac = a(b + c)
E𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝟏: 𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 0
2
Factor: 𝑥(𝑥 + 5 ) = 0
Equation 1 : 𝑥1 = 𝟎
Equation 2 : 𝑥 + 5= 0
𝑥𝟐 = -5
E𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝟐: 5𝑥 2
- 10𝑥 = 0
Factor: 5𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
Equation 1: 5x = 0
𝑥1 = 0
Equation 2: 𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑥𝟐 = 𝟐
E𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 3: 16𝑥 2
+ 20𝑥 = 0
Factor: 4𝑥(4𝑥 + 5) = 0
Equation 1: 4x = 0
𝑥1 = 0
Equation 2: 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
−5
𝑥𝟐 =
4
b. Difference of Two Squares
Example 1: 𝑥 2 − 100 = 0
(𝑥 + 10)(𝑥 − 10) = 0
Eq 1: (𝑥 + 10)= 0
𝑥1 = -10
Eq 2: (𝑥 − 10)= 0
𝑥𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎
Example 2: 4𝑥 2 - 81 = 0
𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫: (2𝑥 + 9)(2𝑥 − 9) =0
Eq 1: (2𝑥 + 9)= 0
𝟗
𝑥1 = -
𝟐
Eq 2: (2𝑥 − 9)= 0
𝟗
𝑥𝟐 =
𝟐
Example 2: 4𝑥 2 - 81 = 0
𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫: (2𝑥 + 9)(2𝑥 − 9) =0
Eq 1: (2𝑥 + 9)= 0
𝟗
𝑥1 = -
𝟐
Eq 2: (2𝑥 − 9)= 0
𝟗
𝑥𝟐 =
𝟐
c. Quadratic Trinomial
Example 1: 𝑥 +7x + 12 = 0
2
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
Eq 1: (𝑥 + 4)= 0
𝑥1 = − 4
Eq 2: (𝑥 + 3)= 0
𝑥𝟐 = −𝟑
Example 2: 𝑥 2− 16x + 48 = 0
(𝑥 − 12)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
Eq 1: (𝑥 − 12)= 0
𝑥1 = 𝟏𝟐
Eq 2: (𝑥 − 4)= 0
𝑥𝟐 = 𝟒
2
Example 3: 2𝑥 + 9𝑥 +7 = 0
(2𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
Eq 1:(2𝑥 + 7)= 0
𝟕
𝑥1 = -
𝟐
Eq 2: (𝑥 + 1)= 0
𝑥𝟐 = −𝟏
Example 4: 3𝑥 2
− 5𝑥 −8 = 0
(3𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
Eq 1:(3𝑥 − 8)= 0
𝟖
𝑥1 =
𝟑
Eq 2: (𝑥 + 1)= 0
𝑥𝟐 = −𝟏
Example 5:
Method 2: COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD
• particularly useful when solving quadratic
equations that are not easily factorable.
𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 𝒂 𝟐
𝒙 + a𝒙 + ( ) = (𝒙 + )
𝟐 𝟐
Procedure:
1. Start with a quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
2. If the coefficient a is not 1, divide the entire equation by a, to make
the coefficient of the quadratic term equal to 1.
3. Move the constant term c to the other side of the equation, so that
the equation becomes ax2 + bx = -c.
4. To compute the square, take half of the coefficient of the linear term
(b) and square it. Add this value to both sides of the equation. The left
side will now be a perfect square trinomial.
5. Factor the left side of the equation as a perfect square trinomial.
This yields a binomial squared.
6. Solve for x by taking the square root of both sides of the equation
ang isolating x.
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Example 5:
Method 3:
• This method is widely used formula for finding the solutions of a quadratic equation.
• It is applicable to any quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c
are constants and a ≠ 0.
• The quadratic formula states that the solutions for x can be found using this formula:
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Method 4: Graphical
• Graphing the quadratic equation on a coordinate plane
can help identify the solutions.
• The x – intercepts (where the graph intercepts in the x –
axis) corresponds to the solutions of the equations.
Steps:
1. Write the quadratic equation in the standard form.
2. Plot the quadratic equation on a coordinate plane. To do this, create a
graph of the quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c. Choose a range of
values to plot the graph, ensuring that it covers the region where the
solutions might lie.
3. Examine the graph to identify the points where the curve intersects or
touches the x – axis. These points represent the solutions of the
quadratic equation.
4. Determine the x – values corresponding to the intersection points.
These x – values are the solutions to the quadratic equation.
5. Verify the solution by substituting into original equation.
Example :
Therefore, the roots to the quadratic equation 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝐱 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 are 1 and 3.
TOPICS:
• Introduction to Quadratic Equation
• Standard Form of QE
• Determining if the given value/s is/are root/s of QE
• Solving Quadratic Equation by:
- Factoring (Common Monomial Factor, Square of Binomial, Quadratic Trinomial)
- Completing the Square
- Quadratic Formula
- Graphing
